The emergence of American English as a discursive variety : Tracing enregisterment processes in nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers

Ingrid Paulsen

Synopsis

Do speakers’ identity constructions influence the emergence of new varieties of a language? This question is at the heart of a debate about how the process of the emergence of postcolonial varieties of English can best be modeled. This volume contributes to the debate by linking it to models and theories proposed by anthropological linguists, sociolinguists and discourse linguists who view identity as a social and cultural phenomenon that is produced through linguistic and other social practices. Language is seen as essential for identity constructions because speakers use linguistic forms that index social ‘personae’ as well as specific social practices and values to convey an image of self to other speakers. Based on the theory of enregisterment that models the cultural and discursive process of the creation of indexical links between linguistic forms and social values, the argument is made that any model of the emergence of new varieties needs to differentiate carefully between a structural level and a discursive level. What emerges on the discursive level as a result of processes of enregisterment is a ‘discursive variety’. The volume illustrates how the emergence of a discursive variety can be systematically studied in a historical context by focusing on the enregisterment of American English as it can be observed in nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers. Using a discourse-linguistic methodological framework and two large databases containing close to 78 million newspaper articles, the study reveals a complex pattern of indexical links between the phonological forms /h/-dropping and -insertion, yod-dropping, a lengthened and backened bath vowel, non-rhoticity, a realization of prevocalic /r/ as a labiodental approximant as well as the lexical items baggage and pants on the one hand and social values centering around nationality, authenticity and non-specificity on the other hand. Qualitative analyses uncover the social personae associated with the linguistic forms (e.g. the American cowboy, the African American mammy and the ‘Anglo-maniac’ American dude), while quantitative analyses trace the development over time and show that the enregisterment processes were widespread and not restricted to a particular region.

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Author Biography

Ingrid Paulsen

Ingrid Paulsen studied English, history and French at Kiel University, where she also worked as a junior lecturer and research assistant in English linguistics. She is interested in sociolinguistics and discourse linguistics, with a particular focus on enregisterment and the role of indexicality and identity in the emergence of new varieties of English. After receiving her PhD in 2019, she started a position as a lecturer in English language teaching at Kiel University and shifted her research focus to English pronunciation teaching, cognitive linguistic approaches to teaching English grammar as well as plurilingual approaches to teaching language.

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Published

March 15, 2022
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Print ISSN

2366-7818
Cite as
Paulsen, Ingrid. 2022. The emergence of American English as a discursive variety : Tracing enregisterment processes in nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers. (Language Variation 7). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6207627

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Details about the available publication format: PDF

PDF

ISBN-13 (15)

978-3-96110-338-6

doi

10.5281/zenodo.6207627

Details about the available publication format: Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN-13 (15)

978-3-98554-034-1