@book{Haig2023,
editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad and Stilo, Donald and Schreiber, Laurentia and Schiborr, Nils},
title = {{Post}-predicate elements in the {Western} {Asian} {Transition} {Zone}},
subtitle = {A corpus-based approach to areal typology},
year = {2024},
series = {Contact and Multilingualism},
address = {Berlin},
publisher = {Language Science Press}
}

@unpublished{Mohammadirad2023Frankfurt,
title = {{Complex predicates in Hawrami}, Paper presented at \textit{the 6th international conference on Kurdish linguistics (ICKL6)} at the Goethe University Frankfurt},
author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
year = {2023},
month = {09},
day = {4-5}
}

@inbook{Haspelmath_2007, 
address = {Cambridge}, 
title = {Coordination}, 
booktitle = {Language Typology and Syntactic Description}, 
publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, 
author = {Haspelmath, Martin}, 
editor = {Shopen, TimothyEditor}, 
year = {2007}, 
pages = {1–51}
} 

@incollection{Stilo2004,
  author    = {Donald Stilo},
  title     = {Coordination in Three Western Iranian Languages: Vafsi, Persian and Gilaki},
  booktitle = {Coordinating Constructions},
  editor    = {Martin Haspelmath},
  year      = {2004},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  series    = {Typological Studies in Language},
  volume    = {58},
  pages     = {269--330},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
}

@incollection{wals-93,
  author    = {Matthew S. Dryer},
  booktitle = {The World Atlas of Language Structures Online},
  editor    = {Matthew S. Dryer and Martin Haspelmath},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  title     = {Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions (v2020.3)},
  type      = {Data set},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533},
  year      = {2013},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.7385533}
}

@incollection{haig_postpredicate_2024,
    author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad and Stilo, Donald},
    title = {Post-predicate elements in the Western Asian Transition Zone: Data, theory, and methods},
    booktitle = {Post-predicate elements in the Western Asian Transition Zone: A corpus-based approach to areal typology},
    editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad and Stilo, Donald and Schreiber, Laurentia and Schiborr, Nils},
    year = {2024},
    publisher = {Language Science Press},
    address = {Berlin},
    series = {Contact and Multilingualism},
}

@article{karim_demorphologization_nodate,
	title = {Demorphologization and {Remorphologization}: the development of a progressive prefix to a marker of negation in {Hewramî}},
    journal = {Journal of Historical Linguistics},
	author = {Karim, Shuan Osman and Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2026},
}

@article{mohammadirad_gorani_nodate,
	title = {Gorani substrate in {Kurdish}: {Evidence} from {Southern} dialects of {Central} {Kurdish}},
	journal = {Journal of Historical Linguistics},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
    doi= {10.1075/jhl.23001.moh},
    year= {2024},
}

@book{aikhenvald_classifiers_2000,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Classifiers: {A} {Typology} of {Noun} {Categorization} {Devices}},
	abstract = {Almost all languages have some grammatical means for categorizing nouns. This book provides a comprehensive and original analysis of noun categorization devices all over the world. It will interest typologists, those working in the fields of morphosyntactic variation and lexical semantics, as well as anthropologists and all other scholars interested in the mechanisms of human cognition.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},
	author = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.},
	year = {2000},
}

@article{kaisse_preservation_1982,
	title = {On the preservation of stress in {Modern} {Greek}},
	volume = {20},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	issn = {1613-396X},
	doi = {10.1515/ling.1982.20.1-2.59},
	abstract = {Article On the preservation of stress in Modern Greek was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Linguistics (volume 20, issue 1-2).},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Kaisse, Ellen M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1982},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
Section: Linguistics},
	pages = {59--82},
}

@article{kurylowicz_nature_1945,
	title = {La nature des procés dits «{Analogiques}»},
	volume = {5},
	journal = {Acta Linguistica},
	author = {Kuryłowicz, Cracovie},
	year = {1945},
	pages = {15--37},
}

@incollection{belelli_laki_2022,
	title = {Laki {Verbal} {Particles}},
	booktitle = {Studi di linguistica e filologia iranica = {Studies} in {Iranian} {Linguistics} and {Philology}},
	publisher = {Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, della Comunicazione e del Turismo (DISUCOM) Università degli studi della Tuscia},
	author = {Belelli, Sara},
	editor = {Filippone, Ela and Belelli, Sara and Chiara, Matteo De},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {43--66},
}

@incollection{janda_phonologization_2017,
	title = {“{Phonologization}” as the {Start} of {Dephoneticization} – {Or}, {On} {Sound} {Change} and its {Aftermath}: {Of} {Extension}, {Generalization}, {Lexicalization}, and {Morphologization}},
	copyright = {© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	isbn = {978-1-4051-6620-1},
	shorttitle = {“{Phonologization}” as the {Start} of {Dephoneticization} – {Or}, {On} {Sound} {Change} and its {Aftermath}},
	abstract = {From the time of the earliest diachronic investigations into the sounds of languages, it has been clear that sound change is not a “forever” phenomenon: a sound change may arise at any given time, but it typically runs its course within a relatively short temporal span (for further discussion, see section 6 below). This fact is recognized in one of the key questions raised as part of their groundbreaking manifesto on the role of social factors in language change – namely, in what they asked in connection with the “actuation” problem: why did a given linguistic change occur at the particular time and in the specific place that it did? This query in turn echoes the question provoked “historical” problem of language change: why does any particular change occur when it does? Moreover, the majority of diachronic linguists have long understood that it is not enough simply to allege that any single set of factors (whether purely linguistic or even purely external) was sufficient to bring about a given sound change; rather, sufficient conditions are provided by numerous situations, but not all of these lead to sound change(s) – especially not to the same sound change(s). For example, nearly all languages have some fronting of velars before front vowels, but not all languages show (full) palatalization of such velars, even though the latter commonly occurs and is – in some sense – a phonetically “natural” change. Nor do all languages that “do something” to such a sequence resolve it in the same way: palatal affricates are a common outcome, but so also are (alveo)-palatal fricatives, dental or alveolar affricates, and the like.},
	booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Historical} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	author = {Janda, Richard D.},
	editor = {Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D.},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1002/9781405166201.ch9},
	note = {Section: 9
\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781405166201.ch9},
	keywords = {German Umlaut, and social factors, phonetics, psyches, theoretical preliminaries},
	pages = {401--422},
}

@incollection{joseph_how_1988,
	title = {The {How} and {Why} of {Diachronic} {Morphologization} and {Demorphologization}},
	isbn = {978-90-04-45410-1},
	booktitle = {Theoretical {Morphology}},
	publisher = {Brill},
	author = {Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D.},
	editor = {Hammond, Michael and Noonan, Michael},
	month = jan,
	year = {1988},
	doi = {10.1163/9789004454101_014},
	note = {Section: Theoretical Morphology},
	keywords = {Languages and Linguistics, Morphology \& Syntax},
	pages = {193--210},
}

@incollection{bermudez-otero_diachronic_2007,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Diachronic phonology},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} handbook of phonology},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo},
	editor = {de Lacy, Paul},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {497--517},
}

@article{mohammadirad_instrumental_2017,
	title = {Instrumental semantic map in {Western} {Iranian} languages},
	volume = {70},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	issn = {2196-7148},
	doi = {10.1515/stuf-2017-0025},
	abstract = {This paper aims to study instrumental related functions in some Western Iranian languages. The data were collected from descriptive grammars, and interviews in some cases. Narrog’s instrumental semantic map is the basis for analyzing polysemy patterns in these languages. The data show that two main polysemy patterns are attested: (1) Instrumental and companion functions are coded alike. (2) They are coded differently. These two patterns are distributed areally. Furthermore, some languages are shifting/have shifted between these two types mainly as a result of contact-induced matters. In languages in which two or more functions are not directly connected, one marker generally has both instrumental and dative functions.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {STUF - Language Typology and Universals},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter (A)},
	keywords = {Western Iranian languages, connectivity, instrumental marker, polysemy patterns, semantic map},
	pages = {579--610},
}

@book{dixon_ergativity_1994,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {ergativity},
	volume = {69},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Dixon, R.M.W},
	year = {1994},
}

@incollection{himmelmann_demonstratives_1996,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Typological {Studies} in {Language}},
	title = {Demonstratives in {Narrative} {Discourse}: {A} {Taxonomy} of {Universal} {Uses}:},
	shorttitle = {A {Taxonomy} of {Universal} {Uses}},
	booktitle = {Studies in {Anaphora}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.},
	editor = {Fox, Barbara A.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1996},
	doi = {10.1075/tsl.33.08him},
	pages = {205--254},
}

@incollection{haspelmath_grammar_1993,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {Mouton {Grammar} {Library} [{MGL}]},
	title = {A {Grammar} of {Lezgian}},
	volume = {9},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-3-11-088421-0},
	abstract = {A Grammar of Lezgian by Martin Haspelmath was published on September 27, 2011 by De Gruyter Mouton.},
	booktitle = {A {Grammar} of {Lezgian}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	year = {1993},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110884210},
}

@incollection{janic_comparing_2023,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Comparing reflexive constructions in the world’s languages},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2021 Katarzyna Janic, Nicoletta Puddu, Martin Haspelmath (Volume Editor)},
	abstract = {This landmark publication brings together 28 papers on reflexive constructions in languages from all continents, representing very diverse language types. While reflexive constructions have been discussed in the past from a variety of angles, this is the first edited volume of its kind. All the chapters are based on original data, and they are broadly comparable through a common terminological framework. The volume opens with two introductory chapters by the editors that set the stage and lay out the main comparative concepts, and it concludes with a chapter presenting generalizations on the basis of the studies of individual languages.},
	booktitle = {Reflexive constructions in the world's languages},
	publisher = {Language Science Press},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	editor = {Janic, Katarzyna and Puddu, Nicoletta and Haspelmath, Martin},
	month = aug,
	year = {2023},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7861660},
	pages = {19--62},
}

@book{Mohammadirad2025,
author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
title = {A grammar of {Hewramî}},
year = {2025},
series = {Comprehensive Grammar Library},
address = {Berlin},
publisher = {Language Science Press},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.17140766}
}


@manual{comrie2015leipzig,
  author       = {Comrie, Bernard and Haspelmath, Martin and Bickel, Balthasar},
  title        = {The Leipzig Glossing Rules: Conventions for Interlinear Morpheme-by-Morpheme Glosses},
  year         = {2015},
  organization = {Department of Linguistics of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the Department of Linguistics of the University of Leipzig},
  url          = {https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/pdf/Glossing-Rules.pdf}
}



@incollection{comrie_demonstratives_1997,
	title = {Demonstratives as {Anaphors} in {Dutch}},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twenty}-{Third} {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Berkeley} {Linguistics} {Society}: {General} {Session} and {Parasession} on {Pragmatics} and {Grammatical} {Structure} (1997)},
	author = {Comrie, Bernard},
	month = sep,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {50--61},
}

@book{diessel_demonstratives_1999,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	series = {Typological {Studies} in {Language} ({TSL})},
	title = {Demonstratives: {Form}, function and grammaticalization},
	volume = {42},
	isbn = {978-90-272-9857-7},
	abstract = {All languages have demonstratives, but their form, meaning and use vary tremendously across the languages of the world. This book presents the first large-scale analysis of demonstratives from a cross-linguistic and diachronic perspective. It is based on a representative sample of 85 languages. The first part of the book analyzes demonstratives from a synchronic point of view, examining their morphological structures, semantic features, syntactic functions, and pragmatic uses in spoken and written discourse. The second part concentrates on diachronic issues, in particular on the development of demonstratives into grammatical markers. Across languages demonstratives provide a frequent historical source for definite articles, relative and third person pronouns, nonverbal copulas, sentence connectives, directional preverbs, focus markers, expletives, and many other grammatical markers. The book describes the different mechanisms by which demonstratives grammaticalize and argues that the evolution of grammatical markers from demonstratives is crucially distinct from other cases of grammaticalization.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Diessel, Holger},
	month = dec,
	year = {1999},
	doi = {10.1075/tsl.42},
}


@incollection{arkadiev_poor_2008,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Poor ({Two}-{Term}) {Case} {Systems}: {Limits} of {Neutralization}},
	shorttitle = {Poor ({Two}-{Term}) {Case} {Systems}},
	abstract = {Two-term systems are of especial relevance to the diachrony of case systems: very often such systems represent either the last or the first stage of the existence of case in the language, and their study is important for understanding how case systems emerge and dissolve. To avoid confusion and aprioristic labels, the members of a bicasual system will be called Dir(ect) and Obl(ique). The label Dir is assigned to the case which coincides with the citation form of the noun. This article deals only with those systems where both cases are able to encode semantico-syntactic functions of verbal dependents (that is, relational cases). The article also discusses the areal and genetic distribution of two-term case systems, cross-linguistic trends in the functional organisation of two-term case systems, and their morphology and diachrony.},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of {Case}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Arkadiev, Peter},
	editor = {Malchukov, Andrej L. and Spencer, Andrew},
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199206476.013.0048},
	pages = {686--699},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\radma\\Zotero\\storage\\BTAL3SGZ\\Arkadiev - 2008 - Poor (Two-Term) Case Systems Limits of Neutraliza.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\radma\\Zotero\\storage\\89S3KZFU\\373576086.html:text/html},
}

@incollection{diessel_predicative_1997,
	title = {Predicative {Demonstratives}},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twenty}-{Third} {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Berkeley} {Linguistics} {Society}: {General} {Session} and {Parasession} on {Pragmatics} and {Grammatical} {Structure} (1997)},
	author = {Diessel, Holger},
	month = sep,
	year = {1997},
	pages = {72--82},
}

@incollection{belelli_cross-dialect_2022,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {A {Cross}-{Dialect} {Account} of {Kurdish} {Past} {Tense} {Categories}, with {Special} {Reference} to {Southern} {Kurdish}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-78837-7},
	abstract = {The bulk of studies on the verbal system of Kurdish address alignment and agreement patterns in past transitive constructions, while comparatively little research has been devoted to a general description of Tense, Aspect, and Mood (TAM) distinctions across Kurdish varieties. Starting from the observation that Southern Kurdish (SK) dialects seem to differ in the structure and functioning of certain sections of their verbal system—both reciprocally and in comparison with Northern Kurdish (NK) and Central Kurdish (CK)—this chapter provides an analysis of the subset of tense/aspect forms used in past-time domains, intending to define regional variation and continuity in their formal and functional properties. Comparative remarks will help contextualize preliminary findings on SK in a broader, cross-cluster framework.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Structural and {Typological} {Variation} in the {Dialects} of {Kurdish}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Belelli, Sara},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-78837-7_6},
	pages = {239--290},
}

@article{delancy_mirativity_1997,
	title = {Mirativity: {The} grammatical marking of unexpected information.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Liguistic Typology},
	author = {DeLancy, Scott},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {33--52},
}

@article{karim_imperfective_inreview,
	title = {The development of imperfective and subjunctive
marking in {Hewramî}},
	number = {},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Karim, Shuan Osman},
	year = {2025},
    doi = { https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2023-0247},
	pages = {},
}

@manual{boersma2015praat,
  title        = {Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer},
  author       = {Paul Boersma and David Weenink},
  year         = {2015},
  version      = {5.4.21},
  url          = {http://www.praat.org},
  note         = {Accessed: 2025-03-26},
}

@misc{loc_kurdish_roman,
  title = {Kurdish Roman (Hawar) Orthography},
  year = {2012},
  howpublished = {Archived at the Library of Congress},
  url = {https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/kurdish},
  note = {Accessed: 2025-03-27},
}


@book{KhanMohammadirad+2024,
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111209180},
title = {Language Contact in Sanandaj},
title = {A Study of the Impact of Iranian on Neo-Aramaic},
author = {Geoffrey Khan and Masoud Mohammadirad},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
address = {Berlin},
doi = {doi:10.1515/9783111209180},
isbn = {9783111209180},
year = {2024},
lastchecked = {2025-07-19}
}


@inbook{KhanMohammadirad+2024+171+198,
title = {Gorani influence on NENA},
booktitle = {Gorani in its Historical and Linguistic Context},
author = {Geoffrey Khan and Masoud Mohammadirad},
editor = {Shuan Osman Karim and Saloumeh Gholami},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
address = {Berlin},
pages = {171--198},
doi = {doi:10.1515/9783111168852-005},
year = {2024}
}

@misc{corpafroas2017,
  author    = {{The CorpAfroAs}-team},
  title     = {The CorpAfroAs and CorTypo List of Glosses},
  year      = {2017},
  url       = {https://bit.ly/Glosses-CorpAfroAs},
  note      = {Accessed on 03/07/2025}
}

@book{dahl_growth_2004,
	address = {Amsterdam, Philadelphia},
	title = {The growth and the maintenance of linguistic complexity},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Dahl, Östen},
	year = {2004},
}

@incollection{khan_perfect_2020,
	series = {Current {Issues} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	title = {The perfect in {North}-{Eastern} {Neo}-{Aramaic}},
	abstract = {This paper describes the form and function of the perfect in the North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects, a highly diverse subgroup of Neo-Aramaic originally spoken east of the Tigris river. After a short description of the expression of the perfective in § 1, a detailed classification of the various forms of the perfect is presented in § 2. Many of these forms have developed under the influence of the verbal system of Iranian languages of the area (§ 3). The perfect in NENA has a wide range of functions, some of them not commonly documented elsewhere, such as the use of the perfect to express the remote past and its use in presuppositional contexts (§ 4). Some of these functions have parallels in the function of the perfect in Iranian languages in contact with NENA (§ 5). Finally, an analysis is given of the NENA perfect within a Reichenbachian framework (§ 6). The common denominator of the diverse functions of the NENA perfect is the fact that the event is viewed from an indirect reference point and as a result the event is defocalized. The separation between the event and the reference point (e {\textless} r), which is the hallmark of the perfect, need not be temporal distance, but may be cognitive distance from the focus of attention due to the presuppositional information status of the event.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Perfects in {Indo}-{European} {Languages} and {Beyond}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Crellin, Robert and Jügel, Thomas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1075/cilt.352.09dah},
	pages = {311--350},
}

@article{lazard_grammaticalization_2001,
	series = {Evidentiality},
	title = {On the grammaticalization of evidentiality},
	volume = {33},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00008-4},
	abstract = {This paper discusses the conditions for the grammaticalization of evidentiality in different languages, with special attention to the languages of South Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In these languages, evidentially marked discourse is opposed to neutral discourse, while in some other languages, evidential markers are necessarily included in every verb form; and in others, evidentiality is only lexically expressed. The last section deals with the problem of cross-language comparisons of evidential systems. A few thoughts are presented on the question of how to build a set of concepts to be used as a tertium comparationis.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
	author = {Lazard, Gilbert},
	month = mar,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Comparison, Evidential, Grammaticalization, Mediative, Typology},
	pages = {359--367},
}

@article{deo_semantic_2015,
	title = {The semantic and pragmatic underpinnings of grammaticalization paths: {The} progressive to imperfective shift},
	volume = {8},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2015 Ashwini Deo},
	issn = {1937-8912},
	shorttitle = {The semantic and pragmatic underpinnings of grammaticalization paths},
	doi = {10.3765/sp.8.14},
	abstract = {This paper offers an analysis of a robustly attested semantic change in which progressive markers \&\#8220;spontaneously\&\#8221; emerge in languages, become entrenched in the grammatical system, and diachronically generalize by turning into imperfective markers. The pattern is cyclic in that the generalization is often followed by a re-emergence of new progressive markers. The analysis has a semantic component that characterizes the relation between the progressive and imperfective operators as a privative semantic contrast. Its dynamic component rests on the proposal that imperfective and progressive sentences crucially distinguish between two kinds of inquiries: phenomenal and structural inquiries (Goldsmith \& Woisetschlaeger 1982). The trajectory \— consisting of the recruitment of a progressive form, its categorical use in phenomenal inquiries, and its generalization to imperfective meaning \— is modeled within the framework of Evolutionary Game Theory. The diachronic path is reconstructed as a cyclic pattern in which alternative communication strategies rise and fall in dominance over time due to the differences in communicative success and learnability associated with them.

BibTeX info},
	language = {en},
	journal = {Semantics and Pragmatics},
	author = {Deo, Ashwini},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {aspect, evolutionary game theory, grammaticalization paths, imper- fective, progressive, replicator–mutator dynamics, semantic change},
	pages = {14:1--52},
}

@incollection{evans_insubordination_2007,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Insubordination and its uses},
	booktitle = {Finiteness: {Theoretical} and {Empirical} {Foundations}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Evans, Nicholas},
	editor = {Nikolaeva, Irina},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {3--25},
}

@incollection{napiorkowska_convergence_2015,
	address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA},
	title = {On {The} {Convergence} {Of} {Verbal} {Systems} {Of} {Aramaic} {And} {Its} {Neighbours}. {Part} {I}: {Present} based {Paradigms}},
	isbn = {978-1-4632-3648-9},
	shorttitle = {On {The} {Convergence} {Of} {Verbal} {Systems} {Of} {Aramaic} {And} {Its} {Neighbours}. {Part} {I}},
	booktitle = {Neo-{Aramaic} and its {Linguistic} {Context}},
	publisher = {Gorgias Press},
	author = {Noorlander, Paul and Stilo, Donald},
	editor = {Napiorkowska, Lidia},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.31826/9781463236489-026},
	pages = {426--452},
}

@incollection{noorlander_3_2022,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {3. {Narrative} {Style} and {Discourse} in {Kurdish} and {Neo}-{Aramaic} {Oral} {Literature}},
	volume = {1},
	url = {doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0306.03},
	booktitle = {Neo-{Aramaic} and {Kurdish} {Folklore} from {Northern} {Iraq}: {A} {Comparative} {Anthology} with a {Sample} of {Glossed} {Texts}},
	publisher = {Open Book Publishers},
	author = {Noorlander, Paul and Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {85--156},
}

@article{schiffrin_tense_1981,
	title = {Tense {Variation} in {Narrative}},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	abstract = {The narrative is a naturally bound unit of discourse in which both formal and functional aspects of grammatical variation can be examined in a controlled and systematic way. This paper is a quantitative analysis of the past and the historical-present tenses as alternative ways of referring to past events in narrative. It shows how the organization of narrative delimits the area in which the historical present can occur, and how various structural and functional constraints restrict (or favor) switching between the two tenses. It also shows that the historical present evaluates narrative events because it is a use of the present tense, and that switching out of the historical present separates narrative events from each other.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Schiffrin, Deborah},
	year = {1981},
	note = {Publisher: Linguistic Society of America},
	pages = {45--62},
}

@incollection{matras_contact_2010,
	address = {Malden, MA:},
	title = {Contact, convergence, and typology},
	booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Contact} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	editor = {Hickey, Raymond},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {66--85},
}

@incollection{haig_east_2014,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {East {Anatolia} as a linguistic area? {Conceptual} and empirical issues.},
	booktitle = {Bamberger {Orientstudien}},
	publisher = {Bamberg University Press},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Behzadi, Lale and Franke, Patrick and Haig, Geoffrey and Herzog, Christoph and Hoffman, Birgit and Korn, Lorenz and Talabardon, Susanne},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {15--35},
}

@book{morgenstierne_etymological_1927,
	address = {Oslo},
	title = {An {Etymological} {Vocabulary} of {Pashto}, {Skrifter} utgitt av {Det} {Norske} {Videnskaps}-{Akademi} i {Oslo} {II}, {Historisk}-{Filosofisk} {Klasse}},
	publisher = {Dybwad},
	author = {Morgenstierne, Georg},
	year = {1927},
}

@incollection{karim_rethinking_2020,
	title = {Rethinking the {Origins} of the {Kurdish} {Imperfective} {Affixes} (review draft)},
	url = {https://lingbuzz.net/lingbuzz/007347?_s=vd8x65mHoq5Pu3TF&_k=yoigFmgb1lvE7hqN},
	author = {Karim, Shuan Osman},
	year = {2020},
}

@incollection{macak_phonology_2017,
	title = {The phonology of {Armenian}},
	booktitle = {Handbook of comparative and historical {Indo}-{European} linguistics {Band} 1},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Macak, Martin},
	editor = {Klein, Jared S. and Joseph, Brian D. and Fritz, Matthias},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1037--1079},
}

@article{karim_heuristic_2023,
	title = {The heuristic of {Economy} and {Proto}-{Iranian} stop clusters},
	volume = {2/2021},
	url = {https://chatressar.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/89/2023/05/Shuan_Osman_Karim_5-18.pdf},
	journal = {Chatreššar},
	author = {Karim, Shuan Osman},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {261--290},
}

@incollection{clackson_lexicon_2017,
	title = {The lexicon of {Armenian}},
	booktitle = {Handbook of comparative and historical {Indo}-{European} linguistics {Band} 1},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Clackson, James},
	editor = {Klein, Jared S. and Joseph, Brian D. and Fritz, Matthias},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1115--1132},
}

@inproceedings{kummel_development_2014,
	address = {Opava},
	title = {The development of laryngeals in {Indo}-{Iranian}},
	booktitle = {The {Sound} of {Indo}-{European}},
	author = {Kümmel, Martin Joachim},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Issue: 3},
}

@incollection{bybee_mechanisms_2003,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	title = {Mechanisms of change in grammaticization: {The} role of frequency},
	booktitle = {The handbook of historical linguistics},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	author = {Bybee, Joan L},
	editor = {Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {602--623},
}

@article{bybee_word_2002,
	title = {Word frequency and context of use in the lexical diffusion of phonetically conditioned sound change},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0954-3945},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Language Variation and Change},
	author = {Bybee, Joan},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {261--290},
}

@article{nourzaei_distribution_2012,
	title = {The {Distribution} and {Role} of the {Verb} {Clitic} =a/a=in {Different} {Balochi} {Dialects}},
	volume = {61},
	journal = {Orientalia Suecana},
	author = {Nourzaei, Maryam and Jahani, Carina},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {170--186},
}

@book{morgenstierne_historic_1996,
	address = {Oslo},
	title = {On the {Historic} {Present} and {Injunctive} in {Sogdian} and {Choresmian}},
	volume = {56},
	number = {1},
	author = {Morgenstierne, Georg, publisher = Dybwad., title = An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto, Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo II, Historisk-Filosofisk Klasse, year = 1927 and Sims-Williams, Nicholas},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Publication Title: Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft},
}

@incollection{horn_neupersische_1895,
	address = {Strassburg},
	title = {Neupersische {Schriftsprache}},
	booktitle = {Grundriss der iranischen {Philologie}},
	publisher = {Trübner},
	author = {Horn, Paul},
	editor = {Geiger, Wilhelm},
	year = {1895},
	note = {Section: iv},
	pages = {1--200},
}

@incollection{yoshida_sogdian_2009,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Sogdian},
	booktitle = {The {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Yoshida, Yutaka},
	editor = {Windfuhr, Gernot L},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {279--335},
}

@book{barker_course_2014,
	address = {Toronto},
	title = {A course in {Baluchi}},
	isbn = {978-0-7735-9414-2 0-7735-9414-0},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies},
	author = {Barker, Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman and Mengal, Aquil Khan},
	year = {2014},
}

@article{jugel_verbal_2013,
	title = {The {Verbal} {Particle} article {BE} in {Middle} {Persian} in {Middle} {Persian}},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {29--56},
}

@article{joseph_case_1975,
	title = {Case {Marking} and {Complementizers} in {Persian}*},
	volume = {17},
	journal = {Working Papers on Language Universals},
	author = {Joseph, Brian D.},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {141--144},
}

@article{deo_semantic_2015-1,
	title = {The semantic and pragmatic underpinnings of grammaticalization paths: {The} progressive to imperfective shift},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1937-8912},
	doi = {10.3765/sp.8.14},
	language = {No Linguistic Content},
	number = {14},
	journal = {S\&P Semantics and Pragmatics},
	author = {Deo, Ashwini},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Semantics and Pragmatics},
	keywords = {aspect, grammaticalization paths, semantic change},
	pages = {1--52},
}

@article{mohammadirad_predicative_2020,
	title = {Predicative possession across {Western} {Iranian} languages},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1614-7308, 0165-4004},
	doi = {10.1515/flin-2020-2038},
	abstract = {{\textless}section class="abstract"{\textgreater}{\textless}h2 class="abstractTitle text-title my-1" id="d187e2"{\textgreater}Abstract{\textless}/h2{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}This paper offers a first systematic investigation of predicative possessive constructions across Western Iranian languages. The notion of possession is conceived as a prototypical domain. It is shown that investigated languages are classified into two major areally distributed groups with respect to predicative possessive constructions: (i) “be”-verb languages, (ii) “have”-verb languages. “Have”-possessives, which originated from “action schema”, are argued to have superseded the archaic “be”-possessives, which trigger a non-canonical marking of the possessor argument. However, “have”-verb languages have preserved relics of the older “be”-possessive in some neighbouring domains to possession. In addition, two languages exhibit possession split and are in transition from “be”-possession to “have”-possession: these languages demonstrate the effect of alienability/inalienability in such a split.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}/section{\textgreater}},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Folia Linguistica},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
Section: Folia Linguistica},
	pages = {497--526},
}

@book{bybee_evolution_1994,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {The {Evolution} of {Grammar}: {Tense}, {Aspect}, and {Modality} in the {Languages} of the {World}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-08665-1},
	abstract = {Joan Bybee and her colleagues present a new theory of the evolution of grammar that links structure and meaning in a way that directly challenges most contemporary versions of generative grammar. This study focuses on the use and meaning of grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality and identifies a universal set of grammatical categories. The authors demonstrate that the semantic content of these categories evolves gradually and that this process of evolution is strikingly similar across unrelated languages.Through a survey of seventy-six languages in twenty-five different phyla, the authors show that the same paths of change occur universally and that movement along these paths is in one direction only. This analysis reveals that lexical substance evolves into grammatical substance through various mechanisms of change, such as metaphorical extension and the conventionalization of implicature. Grammaticization is always accompanied by an increase in frequency of the grammatical marker, providing clear evidence that language use is a major factor in the evolution of synchronic language states.The Evolution of Grammar has important implications for the development of language and for the study of cognitive processes in general.},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Bybee, Joan and Perkins, Revere and Pagliuca, William},
	month = nov,
	year = {1994},
}

@article{korn_western_2009,
	title = {Western {Iranian} {Pronominal} {Clitics}},
	volume = {58},
	journal = {Orientalia Suecana},
	author = {Korn, Agnes},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {159--171},
}

@book{suleymanov_grammar_2020,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {A {Grammar} of Şirvan {Tat}},
	publisher = {Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Suleymanov, Murad},
	year = {2020},
}

@incollection{aikhenvald_areal_2001,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Areal diffusion, genetic inheritance and problems of subgrouping: a north {Arawak} case study},
	copyright = {restricted},
	shorttitle = {Areal diffusion, genetic inheritance and problems of subgrouping},
	abstract = {[From Introduction:] THE PROBLEM OF LINGUISTIC SUBGROUPINGS
To establish subgroupings within a language family one needs to recognize 'a set
of changes common to a particular subgroup which has occurred behveen the
period of divergences of the family as a whole and that of the subgroup in question' (Greenberg 1953: 49). The shared changes should be significant and fairly
unusual, not the sorts of changes that recur all over the world and could well have
happened independently in each of the languages (e.g. palatalizing a velar consonant next to a front vowel). Note that the criterial features must be shared innovatio1lS. If a number of languages within a given family share retentions from the
proto-language this does not require a period of shared development and does
not constitute evidence for subgrouping. Shared loss (e.g. loss of a system of
possession markers, pronominal suffIxes, or tense inflections) is also not a good
criterion for subgrouping. 'Nhat may be signifIcant is the way the loss is replaced;
if each of the languages loses tense inflection on verbs but then makes reference
to time through an innovated system of auxiliaries (with the auxiliaries being
cognate in form) then this shared innovation does provide evidence for their
constituting a subgroup.},
	booktitle = {Areal {Diffusion} and {Genetic} {Inheritance}: problems in comparative linguistics. {Explorations} in {Lingusitic} {Typology} .},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.},
	editor = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and Dixon, R. M. W.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Num Pages: 28},
	pages = {167--194},
}

@article{jurafsky_universal_1996,
	title = {Universal {Tendencies} in the {Semantics} of the {Diminutive}},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	doi = {10.2307/416278},
	abstract = {Despite the crucial dependence of synchronic meaning on both historical and cognitive context, we have traditionally used different tools for expressing synchronic and diachronic generalizations in modeling a complex semantic category like the diminutive. This is due in part to the extraordinary, often contradictory range of its senses synchronically (small size, affection, approximation, intensification, imitation, female gender), and the difficulty of proposing a coherent historical reconstruction for these senses. I propose to model the synchronic and diachronic semantics of the diminutive category with a RADIAL CATEGORY (George Lakoff 1987), a type of structured polysemy that explicitly models the different senses of the diminutive and the metaphorical and inferential relations which bind them. Synchronically, this model explains the varied and contradictory senses of the diminutive. Diachronically, the radial category acts as a kind of ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEANING, expressing the generalizations of the classic mechanisms of semantic change (metaphor, abstraction and inference) as well as a new one: LAMBDA-ABSTRACTION, which accounts for the rise of quantificational meaning and second-order predicates in the diminutive. The model also predicts that the origins of the diminutive cross-linguistically lie in words semantically or pragmatically linked to children. I test the model by considering the semantics of the diminutive in over 60 languages, examining the origins of the diminutive in many of these, particularly in Indo-European where the theory suggests a new reconstruction of the proto-semantics of the PIE suffix *-ko-.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Jurafsky, Daniel},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Publisher: Linguistic Society of America},
	pages = {533--578},
}

@incollection{stilo_loss_2019,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {Trends in {Linguistics}. {Studies} and {Monographs} [{TiLSM}], 328},
	title = {Loss vs. expansion of gender in {Tatic} languages: {Kafteji} ({Kabatei}) and {Kelāsi}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-060444-3},
	abstract = {Loss vs. expansion of gender in Tatic languages: Kafteji (Kabatei) and Kelāsi was published in Essays on Typology of Iranian Languages on page 34.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Essays on {Typology} of {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	editor = {Korangy, Alireza and Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Behrooz},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {34--78},
}

@incollection{karimi_noun_2008,
	address = {Newcastle-upon-Tyne},
	title = {The noun phrase in {Hawrami}},
	isbn = {978-1-4438-1013-5},
	booktitle = {Aspects of {Iranian} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	author = {Holmberg, Anders and Odden, David},
	editor = {Karimi, Simin and Samiian, Vida and Stilo, Donald},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Iranian languages -- Congresses., Persian language -- Congresses.},
	pages = {129--151},
}

@book{winford_introduction_2003,
	address = {Malden, Mass},
	edition = {1st edition},
	title = {An {Introduction} to {Contact} {Linguistics}},
	isbn = {978-0-631-21251-5},
	abstract = {This book is a comprehensive introduction to the study of language contact and its outcomes, as well as the social and linguistic factors involved.   Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of contact linguistics. Examines a wide range of language contact phenomena from both general linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. Offers an account of current approaches to all of the major types of contact-induced change. Discusses the general processes and principles that are at work in cases of contact.},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Winford, Donald},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
}

@phdthesis{mohammadirad_pronominal_2020,
	title = {Pronominal clitics in {Western} {Iranian} languages: {Description}, mapping, and typological implications},
	url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02988008},
	school = {Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3 PH.D. dissertation},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2020},
}

@book{khan_jewish_2009,
	address = {Piscataway, NJ},
	title = {The {Jewish} {Neo}-{Aramaic} {Dialect} of {Sanandaj}},
	isbn = {978-1-60724-134-8},
	abstract = {This volume presents a description of the Neo-Aramaic dialect that was spoken by the Jews of Sanandaj in western Iran, but which is now virtually extinct. The material for the volume was gathered firsthand in fieldwork conducted with the last remaining speakers in Israel. The volume consists of a detailed grammatical description, a corpus of transcribed texts, including folktales, historical accounts and portrayals of customs, and an extensive glossary.},
	publisher = {Gorgias Press},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{mahmoudveysi_gorani_2012,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	series = {Beiträge zur {Iranistik}},
	title = {The {Gorani} language of {Gawraǰū}, a village of west {Iran}: texts, grammar, and lexicon},
	isbn = {978-3-89500-855-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Gorani} language of {Gawraǰū}, a village of west {Iran}},
	number = {Band 35},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Mahmoudveysi, Parvin and Bailey, Denise and Paul, Ludwig and Haig, Geoffrey},
	year = {2012},
}

@book{stassen_predicative_2009,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Predicative {Possession}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-921165-4},
	abstract = {This is the first comprehensive treatment of the strategies employed in the world's languages to express predicative possession, as in "the boy has a bat". It presents the results of the author's fifteen-year research project on the subject. Predicative possession is the source of many grammaticalization paths - as in the English perfect tense formed from to have - and its typology is an important key to understanding the structural variety of the world's languages and how they change. Drawing on data from some 400 languages representing all the world's language families, most of which lack a close equivalent to the verb to have, Professor Stassen aims (a) to establish a typology of four basic types of predicative possession, (b) to discover and describe the processes by which standard constructions can be modified, and (c) to explore links between the typology of predicative possession and other typologies in order to reveal patterns of interdependence. He shows, for example, that the parameter of simultaneous sequencing - the way a language formally encodes a sequence like "John sang and Mary danced" - correlates with the way it encodes predicative possession. By means of this and other links the author sets up a single universal model in order to account for all morphosyntactic variation in predicative possession found in the languages of the world, including patterns of variation over time. Predicative Possession will interest scholars and advanced students of language typology, diachronic linguistics, morphology and syntax.},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Stassen, Leon},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{jugel_entwicklung_2015,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	edition = {1., Aufl. ed. edition},
	title = {Die {Entwicklung} der {Ergativkonstruktion} im {Alt}- und {Mitteliranischen}: {Eine} korpusbasierte {Untersuchung} zu {Kasus}, {Kongruenz} und {Satzbau}},
	isbn = {978-3-447-10470-8},
	shorttitle = {Die {Entwicklung} der {Ergativkonstruktion} im {Alt}- und {Mitteliranischen}},
	abstract = {Ergativität ist ein grammatisches Phänomen, das in der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft und in der Iranistik im Besonderen kontrovers diskutiert wurde. Die wissenschaftliche Diskussion zeichnet sich durch mangelnde Ber{\textbar}cksichtigung der alt- und mitteliranischen Daten aus. Vielfach werden ausgewählte Beispiele, deren Stellung im jeweiligen Sprachsystem unklar ist, mit theoriegeleiteten Annahmen zu einem hypothetischen Entwicklungsmodell verbunden, das zwar plausibel, aber nicht {\textbar}berpr{\textbar}fbar ist.Die vorliegende Studie schafft hier Abhilfe durch die vollständige Datenschau awestischer, altpersischer, baktrischer und parthischer Belege sowie durch eine umfangreiche Untersuchung der mittelpersischen Daten (ca. 12.500 mittelpersische Belege). Neben den f{\textbar}r Ergativität relevanten Aspekten wie Kasus, Kongruenz, Wortstellung, Konstituentenaussparung und Reflexivität werden sowohl die Entwicklung syntaktischer Strukturen (z.B. Relativsätze) besprochen als auch die des Verbal- und Nominalsystems (z.B. das aspekto-temporale System oder die Funktion enklitischer Personalpronomina). Ergebnisse werden reichhaltig mit einschlägigen Belegen illustriert ({\textbar}ber 1.400 Beispiele allein im Hauptteil), deren Aussagekraft immer wieder kritisch anhand ausf{\textbar}hrlicher philologischer Diskussion {\textbar}berpr{\textbar}ft wird. Der Materialteil dient zugleich als Vademecum, das parallel zur Lekt{\textbar}re des Hauptteils benutzt werden kann und die Illustration des Materials {\textbar}bernimmt, wie auch als eigenständiges Nachschlagewerk, das die Geschichte der Ergativkonstruktion in den Objektsprachen systematisch veranschaulicht. Die vollständige Listung der Daten z.B. nach der Wortstellung, der Konstituentenaussparung, der Kongruenzen oder der Kasusmarkierung bereitet so den Weg zu weiterf{\textbar}hrenden Forschungsfragen.Eine erschöpfendere Untersuchung zur Ergativität im Sprachwandel liegt bisher nicht vor.},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	year = {2015},
}

@book{fattah_les_2000,
	address = {Louvain},
	series = {Acta {Iranica}},
	title = {Les dialectes kurdes méridionaux: étude linguistique et dialectologique},
	isbn = {978-90-429-0918-2 978-2-87723-524-2},
	shorttitle = {Les dialectes kurdes méridionaux},
	number = {37},
	publisher = {Peeters},
	author = {Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandar},
	year = {2000},
}

@book{aman_allahi_baharvand_tales_1986,
	address = {Cambridge, Mass},
	series = {Harvard {Iranian} series},
	title = {Tales from {Luristan} ({Matalyâ} {Lurissu}̳): tales, fables, and folk poetry from the {Lur} of {Bâlâ}-{Garîva}},
	isbn = {978-0-674-86780-2},
	shorttitle = {Tales from {Luristan} ({Matalyâ} {Lurissu}̳)},
	number = {4},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Amān Allāhī Bahārvand, Sikandar and Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh},
	year = {1986},
}

@incollection{haig_verb-goal_2015,
	title = {Verb-{Goal} ({Vg}) {Word} {Order} {In} {Kurdish} {And} {Neo}-{Aramaic}: {Typological} {And} {Areal} {Considerations}},
	isbn = {978-1-4632-3648-9},
	abstract = {Verb-Goal (Vg) Word Order In Kurdish And Neo-Aramaic: Typological And Areal Considerations was published in Neo-Aramaic and its Linguistic Context on page 407.},
	booktitle = {Neo-{Aramaic} and its {Linguistic} context},
	publisher = {Gorgias Press},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Napiorkowska, Lidia},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.31826/9781463236489-025},
	pages = {407--425},
}

@misc{noauthor_cultural_nodate,
	title = {Cultural {Landscape} of {Hawraman}/{Uramanat}},
	url = {https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1647/},
	abstract = {The remote and mountainous landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat bears testimony to the traditional culture of the Hawrami people, an agropastoral Kurdish tribe that has inhabited the region since about 3000 BCE. The  ...},
	urldate = {2023-09-12},
	journal = {UNESCO World Heritage Centre},
}

@book{christensen_les_1921,
	address = {Kobenhavn},
	title = {Les dialectes d'{Awroman} et de {Pawa}},
	publisher = {B. Lunos},
	author = {Christensen, Arthur and Benedictsen, Åge Meyer},
	year = {1921},
	note = {OCLC: 223374533},
}

@phdthesis{mahmoudveysi_meter_2016,
	address = {Hamburg},
	title = {The meter and the literary language of {Gūrānī} poetry.},
	school = {Universität Hamburg dissertation},
	author = {Mahmoudveysi, Parvin},
	year = {2016},
}

@article{mackenzie_origins_1961,
	title = {The {Origins} of {Kurdish}},
	journal = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1961},
	pages = {68--86},
}

@article{nourzaei_definiteness_2021,
	title = {Definiteness {Marking} from {Evaluative} {Morphology} in {Balochi}: {Internal} {Variation} and {Diachronic} {Pathway}},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0021-0862},
	shorttitle = {Definiteness {Marking} from {Evaluative} {Morphology} in {Balochi}},
	doi = {10.1080/00210862.2020.1813555},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the usage and frequency of what is referred to as K-suffixes in three Balochi dialects, namely Koroshi, Coastal and Sistani Balochi. It shows that K-suffixes are most likely the reflexes of earlier evaluative morphology, traditionally termed “diminutives,” and are characterized by a high degree of multi-functionality. While in Coastal and Sistani Balochi evaluative functions continue to dominate, they have been largely lost in Koroshi Balochi, and the suffix is now used to indicate definiteness. The development appears to have been spearheaded by female speakers, and its frequency is also dependent on genre and speech situation. Data is taken from an extensive corpus of spoken Balochi narratives and from a questionnaire with thirty-six speakers. The results suggest that evaluative morphology can develop into definiteness marking, with the development passing over a stage of combination with deictic markers. The paper concludes that the development of definiteness marking can proceed down a pathway that is distinct from the one normally assumed for demonstrative-based definite marking, though the endpoint may be similar. This is the first detailed documentation of this process for any Iranian language, and one of the few well-documented cases of a non-demonstrative origin of definiteness marking worldwide.},
	number = {5-6},
	journal = {Iranian Studies},
	author = {Nourzaei, Maryam},
	month = nov,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1813555},
	keywords = {Balochi, Definiteness Marking, Diminutive, Evaluative, Grammaticalization},
	pages = {699--735},
}

@book{becker_articles_2021,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Articles in the {World}’s {Languages}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-3-11-072442-4},
	abstract = {This study provides a systematic overview of articles and article systems in the world’s languages using a sample of 104 languages. Articles can be classified into 10 types according to their referential functions: definite, anaphoric, weak definite, recognitional, indefinite, presentational, exclusive-specific, nonspecific, inclusive-specific, and referential articles. All 10 types are described in detail with examples from various languages of the world. The book also addresses crosslinguistic trends concerning the distribution and the development of different article types, and it proposes a typology of article systems. The aim of this study is to provide a general crosslinguistic overview concerning the attested properties and distributions of articles. It is geared towards readers with interests in language typology and the nominal domain, and it can serve as a point of reference for language-specific studies of articles or determiners.},
	publisher = {De Gruyter},
	author = {Becker, Laura},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110724424},
	keywords = {Articles, Determiners, Nominal Domain, Referentiality/Definiteness},
}

@book{corbett_gender_1991,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Textbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {Gender},
	isbn = {978-0-521-32939-2},
	abstract = {Gender is a fascinating category, central and pervasive in some languages and totally absent in others. In this new, comprehensive account of gender systems, over 200 languages are discussed, from English and Russian to Archi and Chichewa. Detailed analysis of individual languages provides clear illustrations of specific types of system. Gender distinction is often based on sex; sometimes this is only one criterion and the gender of nouns depends on other factors (thus 'house' is masculine in Russian, feminine in French and neuter in Tamil). Some languages have comparable distinctions such as human/non-human, animate/inanimate, where sex is irrelevant. No other textbook surveys gender across this range of languages. Gender will be invaluable both for class use and as a reference resource for students and researchers in linguistics.},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {1991},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139166119},
}

@incollection{stilo_case_2008,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Case in {Iranian}: {From} reduction and loss to innovation and renewal},
	isbn = {978-0-19-920647-6},
	shorttitle = {Case {In} {Iranian}},
	abstract = {Gathic Avestan, the earliest documented form of Old Iranian, had a rich case system typical of archaic Indo-European languages: three genders, eight cases in the singular, a six-term plural, and a four-term dual. Old Persian, a somewhat later stage of Old Iranian, had already begun some case syncretisation with the old dative merging into the genitive. By the very earliest stages of Middle Persian and Parthian, gender and the dual were already completely lost and further stages of case syncretisation yielded a two-case system: the null-marked Direct case versus the Oblique case derived from the original genitive. Reduction or loss of case throughout Iranian and the emergence of numerous innovations have led to a bewildering array of compensating strategies whose evolution can be characterised by the interplay of three axes/dimensions: the Reduction Axis, the Innovation Axis, and the Nominal-Pronominal Axis. This article discusses the evolution of case in West Iranian languages, focusing on floating clitics and word order.},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of {Case}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	editor = {Malchukov, Andrej L. and Spencer, Andrew},
	month = nov,
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199206476.013.0049},
	pages = {700--715},
}

@book{haig_languages_2018,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}: {An} {Areal} {Perspective}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-3-11-042168-2},
	shorttitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}},
	abstract = {The languages of Western Asia belong to a variety of language families, including Indo-European, Kartvelian, Semitic, and Turkic, but share numerous features on account of being in areal contact over many centuries. This volume presents descriptions of the modern languages, contributed by leading specialists, and evaluates similarities across the languages that may have arisen by areal contact. It begins with an introductory chapter presenting an overview of the various genetic groupings in the region and summarizing some of the significant features and issues relating to language contact. In the core of the volume the presentation of the languages is divided into five contact areas, which include (i) eastern Anatolia and northwestern Iran, (ii) northern Iraq, (iii) western Iran, (iv) the Caspian region and south Azerbaijan, and (v) the Caucasian rim and southern Black Sea coast. Each section contains chapters devoted to the languages of the area preceded by an introductory section that highlights significant contact phenomena. The volume is rounded off by an appendix with basic lexical items across a selection of the languages. The handbook features contributions by Erik Anonby, Denise Bailey, Christiane Bulut, David Erschler, Geoffrey Haig, Geoffrey Khan, Rene Lacroix, Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Hrach Martirosyan, Ludwig Paul, Stephan Procházka, Laurentia Schreiber, Don Stilo, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali, Christina van der Wal Anonby.},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110421682},
	keywords = {Language Contact, Linguistic Typology, Western Asia},
}

@article{MacKenzie1987Avroman,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Avroman},
	volume = {3},
        number = {1},
	url = {https://iranicaonline.org},
	abstract = {The Encyclopaedia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent},
	journal = {Encyclopaedia Iranica},
	publisher = {Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {110--111},
}

@article{pat-el_contact_2013,
	title = {Contact or {Inheritance}? {Criteria} for distinguishing internal and external change in genetically related languages},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1877-4091, 1955-2629},
	shorttitle = {Contact or {Inheritance}?},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/6/2/article-p313_6.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/19552629-00602006},
	abstract = {Several prominent scholars have recently doubted whether it is possible to differentiate borrowing from internal change, to the point that in some cases subgrouping is not feasible or is restricted (Dench, ; Dixon, ). Since a situation of prolonged and intense contact between closely related languages is very common, language contact and its results are a major problem if not a real hazard to historical linguistics. The main practical problem is how to differentiate internal changes, changes motivated by internal processes, from external changes, changes due to language contact, when the structure of the languages is so similar. In other words, how do we know which linguistic form is the source of the change: one of the attested languages, or the mother of both of them? In this paper, I suggest two preliminary criteria to isolate the source language in cases of contact: 1) the existence of intermediary stages, and 2) an even spread of the change across categories. I will show, using test cases from the Semitic language family that these criteria can help us distinguish between internal and external changes.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-08-11},
	journal = {Journal of Language Contact},
	author = {Pat-El, Na’ama},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: Brill},
	keywords = {Semitic, contact, genitive, historical linguistics, subordination, syntax},
	pages = {313--328},
}

@article{bowern_relatedness_2013,
	title = {Relatedness as a {Factor} in {Language} {Contact}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1877-4091, 1955-2629},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/6/2/article-p411_10.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/19552629-00602010},
	abstract = {Contact-induced change among related languages has been considered problematic for language reconstruction. In this article, I consider several aspects of the theory of language change and ways in which contact might interact with language relatedness. I show that models of language change which extrapolate dialect-contact models to languages and subgroups are problematic, and fail to take into account the unevenness of degrees of difference between languages across families. That is, diffusability clines that apply to speech communities and dialects do not appear to be in evidence for languages and subgroups. I further show that many claims about relatedness as a factor in language contact are confounded by other factors that are distinct from language relatedness, such as geographical proximity. Claims about effects of language contact appear to reduce to the type of interaction that speakers participate in, rather than structural facts about their languages. I argue that our current toolkit for reconstruction is adequate to identify contact features. Finally, I provide a typology of cases where contact might be expected to be problematic for subgrouping.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-08-11},
	journal = {Journal of Language Contact},
	author = {Bowern, Claire},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: Brill},
	keywords = {comparative method, historical linguistics, loanwords},
	pages = {411--432},
}

@misc{noauthor_challenges_nodate,
	title = {Challenges and {Benefits} of {Contact} among {Relatives}: {Morphological} {Copying} in: {Journal} of {Language} {Contact} {Volume} 6 {Issue} 2 (2013)},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/6/2/article-p243_3.xml},
	urldate = {2023-08-09},
}

@article{epps_introduction_2013,
	title = {Introduction: {Contact} {Among} {Genetically} {Related} {Languages}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1877-4091, 1955-2629},
	shorttitle = {Introduction},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/6/2/article-p209_1.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/19552629-00602001},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of Language Contact},
	author = {Epps, Patience and Huehnergard, John and Pat-El, Na’ama},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: Brill},
	keywords = {Historical and Comparative Linguistics \& Linguistic Typology, Journal, Languages and Linguistics, Multilingualism \& Language Contact, Sociolinguistics},
	pages = {209--219},
}

@book{hickey_irish_2007,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Irish {English}: {History} and {Present}-{Day} {Forms}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Hickey, Raymond},
	year = {2007},
}

@incollection{haspelmath_more_1993,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	title = {More on the typology of inchoative/causative verb alternations},
	booktitle = {Causativity and transitivity},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	editor = {Comrie, Bernard and Polinsky, Maria},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {87--120},
}

@incollection{mohammadirad_zagros_nodate,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Zagros region: {The} {Kurdish}-{Gorani} continuum},
	booktitle = {Post-predicate elements in the {Western} {Asian} {Transition} {Zone}: a corpus-based approach to areal typology},
	publisher = {Language Science Press},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad and Stilo, Donald and Schreiber, Laurentia and Schiborr, Nils N.},
    pages     = {245--279},
    doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.14266347},
    year = {2024},
}

@phdthesis{karim_synchrony_2021,
	address = {Ohio},
	title = {The synchrony and diachrony of {New} {Western} {Iranian} nominal morphosyntax},
	url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1638313342357598},
	school = {The Ohio State University dissertation},
	author = {Karim, Shuan Osman},
	year = {2021},
}

@misc{haig_definiteness_2019,
	address = {University of Rouen, France.},
	title = {Definiteness in {Central} {Kurdish}: sources and outcomes},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2019},
}

@incollection{dixon_adjective_2004,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Adjective {Classes} in {Typological} {Perspective}},
	booktitle = {Adjective {Classes}: {A} {Cross}-linguistic {Typology}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Dixon, R.M.W},
	editor = {Dixon, R.M.W and Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1--49},
}

@article{cathcart_dialectal_2022,
	title = {Dialectal {Layers} in {West} {Iranian}: {A} {Hierarchical} {Dirichlet} {Process} {Approach} to {Linguistic} {Relationships1}},
	volume = {120},
	issn = {1467-968X},
	shorttitle = {Dialectal {Layers} in {West} {Iranian}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-968X.12225},
	doi = {10.1111/1467-968X.12225},
	abstract = {This paper addresses a series of complex and unresolved issues in the historical phonology of West Iranian languages, (Persian, Kurdish, Balochi, and other languages), which display a high degree of irregular, non-Lautgesetzlich behaviour. Most of this irregularity is undoubtedly due to language contact; I argue, however, that an oversimplified view of the processes at work has prevailed in the literature on West Iranian dialectology, with specialists assuming that deviations from an expected outcome in a given non-Persian language are due to lexical borrowing from some chronological stage of Persian. It is demonstrated that this qualitative approach yields at times problematic conclusions stemming from the lack of explicit probabilistic inferences regarding the distribution of the data: Persian may not be the sole donor language; additionally, borrowing at the lexical level is not always the mechanism that introduces irregularity. In many cases, the possibility that West Iranian languages show different reflexes in different conditioning environments remains under-explored. I employ a novel Bayesian approach designed to overcome these problems and tease apart the different determinants of irregularity in patterns of West Iranian sound change. This methodology helps to provisionally resolve a number of outstanding questions in the literature on West Iranian dialectology concerning the dialectal affiliation of certain sound changes. I outline future directions for work of this sort.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-05-22},
	journal = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
	author = {Cathcart, Chundra A.},
	year = {2022},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-968X.12225},
	pages = {1--31},
}

@article{mohammadirad_lenition_nodate,
	title = {Lenition of voiced stops in {Kurdish}},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Öpengin, Ergin},
    journal= {Folia Linguistica Historica},
    year = {2024},
    doi={10.1515/flin-2024-2049},
}

@article{chappell2019optional,
  title={Optional and alternating case marking: Typology and diachrony},
  author={Chappell, Hilary and Verstraete, Jean-Christophe},
  journal={Language and Linguistics Compass},
  year={2019},
  volume={13},
  number={3},
  pages={1-42}, 
  publisher={Wiley-Blackwell},
  doi={doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12311},
}

@incollection{escobar_language_2022,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Handbooks} in {Language} and {Linguistics}},
	title = {Language {Contact} and {Historical} {Linguistics}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-909864-9},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-handbook-of-language-contact/language-contact-and-historical-linguistics/C99BF538279D476560F61F6403F6C298},
	abstract = {Language contact studies and historical linguistics, i.e. the study of language change, are subfields of linguistics that have long been recognized as being mutually relevant. This chapter explores this relationship along two dimensions: first, with regard to the fields of study themselves, and second, and perhaps more importantly, with regard to those aspects of language contact and of influence external to a given linguistic system that are particularly relevant to understanding the basic subject matter of historical linguistics, i.e. what happens to languages as they pass through time. In terms of the fields of study, an overview of the historiography of the distinction between internally motivated and externally motivated change is offered. This survey is followed by a discussion of several case studies, in which language contact serves as an actuator of change as well as some in which it is an inhibitor of change. Finally, the interaction of language contact with another key issue in historical linguistics, namely language genealogy, is discussed, along with a consideration of the naturalness and pervasiveness of language contact.},
	urldate = {2023-05-12},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}: {Volume} 1: {Population} {Movement} and {Language} {Change}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Joseph, Brian D.},
	editor = {Escobar, Anna María and Mufwene, Salikoko S.},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316796146.005},
	keywords = {Arvanitika, Celtic, Greek, Macedonian, Romance, Russian, actuation, external change, genealogy, inhibition, internal change},
	pages = {43--63},
}

@book{matras_language_2020,
	address = {Cambridge},
	edition = {2nd},
	series = {Cambridge {Textbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {Language {Contact}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/language-contact/6DE26FB4806FC9FE25661295A09A172A},
	abstract = {Language contact occurs when speakers of different languages interact and their languages influence one another. Drawing on the author's own first-hand observations of child and adult bilingualism, this book combines his original research with an up-to-date introduction to key concepts, to provide a holistic, original theory of contact linguistics. Going beyond a descriptive outline of contact phenomena, it introduces a theory of contact-induced language change, linking structural change to motivations in discourse and language processing. Since the first edition was published, the field has rapidly grown, and this fully revised edition covers all of the most recent developments, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and advanced students in linguistics.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1017/9781108333955},
	note = {ISBN: 9781108333955
Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
}

@article{matras_kurmanji_2002,
	title = {Kurmanji complementation: {Semantic}-typological aspects in an areal perspective},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {2196-7148},
	shorttitle = {Kurmanji complementation},
	doi = {10.1524/stuf.2002.55.1.49},
	abstract = {Article Kurmanji complementation: Semantic-typological aspects in an areal perspective was published on January 1, 2002 in the journal STUF - Language Typology and Universals (volume 55, issue 1).},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-05-08},
	journal = {STUF - Language Typology and Universals},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	month = jan,
	year = {2002},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter (A)},
	pages = {49--63},
}

@incollection{khan_grammatical_2007,
	address = {Berlin, New York},
	title = {Grammatical borrowing in {North}-eastern {Neo}-{Aramaic}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-019919-2},
	abstract = {Grammatical borrowing in North-eastern
      Neo-Aramaic was published in Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective on page 197.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Grammatical {Borrowing} in {Cross}-{Linguistic} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Sakel, Jeanette},
	year = {2007},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110199192.197},
	pages = {197--214},
}

@article{matras_review_2012,
	title = {Review of {Loanwords} in the world's languages: {A} comparative handbook},
	volume = {88},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	shorttitle = {Review of {Loanwords} in the world's languages},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23251870},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2023-05-01},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	collaborator = {Haspelmath, Martin and Tadmor, Uri},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publisher: Linguistic Society of America},
	pages = {647--652},
}

@book{chyet_kurdish-english_2003,
	address = {New Haven},
	title = {Kurdish-{English} {Dictionary} – {Ferhenga} {Kurmancî}–{Inglîzî}},
	isbn = {978-0-300-09152-6},
	abstract = {This Kurmanji-English dictionary focuses on modern use of the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish, which is spoken in Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, and parts of the former Soviet Union. Michael Chyet provides a documentation of the state of knowledge about the lexicon of the language. Dictionary entries are extensive and include, whenever possible, detailed etymologies, multiple meanings, variant forms, sample sentences, synonyms and inflections. These materials should be useful to linguists as well as to historians, anthropologists, folklorists and ethnologists.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	author = {Chyet, Michael L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
}

@phdthesis{asadpour_typologizing_nodate,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Typologizing word order variation in northwestern {Iran}.},
	school = {PhD dissertation. Goethe-Universität},
	author = {Asadpour, Hiwa},
}

@incollection{haig_western_2017,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Handbooks} in {Language} and {Linguistics}},
	title = {Western {Asia}: {East} {Anatolia} as a {Transition} {Zone}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-05161-4},
	shorttitle = {Western {Asia}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-handbook-of-areal-linguistics/western-asia-east-anatolia-as-a-transition-zone/B6732F4C2B6F7E3FED0A6E4F3C3715C8},
	urldate = {2023-04-26},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} {Handbook} of {Areal} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Hickey, Raymond},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1017/9781107279872.015},
	pages = {396--423},
}

@article{stilo_circumpositions_2009,
	title = {Circumpositions as an areal response: the case study of the {Iranian} zone},
	volume = {13},
	journal = {Turkic Languages},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3--33},
}

@incollection{asadpour_word_nodate,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Word order in {Mukri} {Kurdish} – the case of incorporated {Targets}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-079036-8},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110790368-004/html},
	abstract = {Word order in Mukri Kurdish – the case of incorporated Targets was published in Word Order Variation on page 63.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-10-14},
	booktitle = {Word {Order} {Variation}: {Semitic}, {Turkic} and {Indo}-{European} {Languages} in {Contact}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Asadpour, Hiwa},
	editor = {Asadpour, Hiwa and Jügel, Thomas},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110790368-004},
	pages = {63--88},
}

@incollection{noorlander_neo-aramaic_2022,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Neo-{Aramaic} ({Jewish} {Sanandaj})},
	url = {(multicast.aspra.uni-bamberg.de/resources/wowa/)},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	booktitle = {{WOWA} — {Word} {Order} in {Western} {Asia}: {A} spoken-language-based corpus for investigating areal effects in word order variation.},
	publisher = {University of Bamberg},
	author = {Noorlander, Paul},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Stilo, Donald and Doğan, Mahîr C. and Schiborr, Nils N.},
	year = {2022},
}

@incollection{mccarus_kurdish_2009,
	address = {London},
	title = {Kurdish},
	booktitle = {The {Iranian} languages},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {McCarus, Ernest N.},
	editor = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {587--633},
}



@book{mackenzie_kurdish_1961,
	address = {London},
	title = {Kurdish dialect studies},
	volume = {1},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1961},
}


@incollection{mohammadirad_bound_nodate,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Bound argument ordering across {Central} {Kurdish} and the {Gorani} substrate.},
	booktitle = {Oxford hanbook of {Kurdish} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	editor = {Sheyholislami, Jaffer and Haig, Geoffrey and Khezri, Haidar and Akin, Salih and Öpengin, Ergin},
    year = {2026},
}

@book{sadjadi_jens-e_2015,
	address = {Marivan},
	title = {Jens-e dasturī dar zabān-e {Hawrāmī} [{Grammatical} gender in {Hawrami} language)},
	publisher = {Avin},
	author = {Sadjadi, Mahdi},
	year = {2015},
}

@book{razi_wise_2009,
	address = {Hewlêr},
	title = {Wişe {Goɫînekanî} {Awyer} [{A} selected lexicon of {Abidar}]},
	publisher = {Aras},
	author = {Razi, Muhsin},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{paul_analytical_2022,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {An {Analytical} {Bibliography} of {New} {Iranian} {Languages} and {Dialects} {Based} on {Persian} publications since ca. 1980},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Paul, Ludwig},
	year = {2022},
}

@book{ebrahimpour_dastur-e_nodate,
	title = {Dastur-e {Zaban}-e {Kurdi}-e {Sanandaji} [{A} grammar of {Sanandaji} {Kurdish}]},
	author = {Ebrahimpour, Mohammad Taghi},
}


@incollection{khan_34_2018,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {3.4. {The} {Neo}-{Aramaic} dialects of northern {Iraq}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-042168-2},
	abstract = {3.4. The Neo-Aramaic dialects of northern Iraq was published in The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia on page 305.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}: {An} {Areal} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110421682-010},
	pages = {305--353},
}

@book{mann_our_2021,
	title = {“{Our} {Steppe} is {Vast} …": {Kurdish} epics and tribal stories from {Urfa}, 1906. {Kurmanji} – {English}},
	isbn = {978-3-447-11663-3},
	shorttitle = {“{Our} {Steppe} is {Vast} …"},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv21fqjg2},
	abstract = {In 1906 two Kurdish singers from Urfa, Sheikh Bozan and Ayib Agha Temir, dictated epics and stories from their repertoire to the German scholar Oskar Mann. The fourteen pieces, rediscovered in the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Humanities and Sciences, are presented here for the first time in a bilingual historical edition. Half of the texts deal with the history of Kurdish Milan confederation and its leaders, especially with Ibrahim Pasha Milli (1843–1908). They include a hitherto unknown beautiful lament from the 1840s by the wife of the Milan leader who fell in battle. The second half are mostly well-known epics, among them a surprising first variant of “Dewresh, son of Evdi", two examples of “Mem and Zin" and the earliest long version of “Siyamed (Siyabend and Xece)" to be recorded. Mann’s collection is the lost sibling of the two canonical collections by Albert v. Le Coq (1903) and Hugo Makas (1900/1926). All three are from the same decade and document the literature of the Kurdish tribes of the Kurdish Southwest. Difficult passages in the texts were unraveled in cooperation with members of the Berazi confederation to which the singer Sheikh Bozan belonged. Their comments are included in the introduction and footnotes, together with detailed background information. The introduction deals, among other things, with the concept of history shaping these texts, typical of an oral society, and with the local network of singers and the transmission of epics between Urfa and Afrin. The edition includes photographs, a glossary and an index of names and places.},
	urldate = {2023-04-10},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	author = {Mann, Oskar},
	editor = {Sträuli, Barbara},
	year = {2021},
}

@book{de_morgan_mission_1904,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Mission scientifique en {Perse}. Études linguistiques. {Dialectes} kurdes {Tome} 5},
	isbn = {978-2-01-356612-4},
	abstract = {Mission scientifique en Perse. Tome V. [Première partie], Études linguistiques. Dialectes kurdes, langues et dialectes du nord de la Perse / par J. Morgan ; [avant-propos de Cl. Huart]Date de l'édition originale : 1904Sujet de l'ouvrage : Expéditions scientifiques -- IranKurde (langue) -- IranIran -- LanguesLe présent ouvrage s'inscrit dans une politique de conservation patrimoniale des ouvrages de la littérature Française mise en place avec la BNF.HACHETTE LIVRE et la BNF proposent ainsi un catalogue de titres indisponibles, la BNF ayant numérisé ces œuvres et HACHETTE LIVRE les imprimant à la demande.Certains de ces ouvrages reflètent des courants de pensée caractéristiques de leur époque, mais qui seraient aujourd'hui jugés condamnables.Ils n'en appartiennent pas moins à l'histoire des idées en France et sont susceptibles de présenter un intérêt scientifique ou historique.Le sens de notre démarche éditoriale consiste ainsi à permettre l'accès à ces œuvres sans pour autant que nous en cautionnions en aucune façon le contenu.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.fr},
	language = {Français},
	publisher = {E. Leroux},
	author = {De Morgan, Jacques},
	year = {1904},
}

@incollection{hickey_areal_2017,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Handbooks} in {Language} and {Linguistics}},
	title = {Areal {Sound} {Patterns}: {From} {Perceptual} {Magnets} to {Stone} {Soup}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-05161-4},
	shorttitle = {Areal {Sound} {Patterns}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-handbook-of-areal-linguistics/areal-sound-patterns-from-perceptual-magnets-to-stone-soup/90EB3ABF78084D6FBB461548D7405E80},
	urldate = {2023-03-27},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} {Handbook} of {Areal} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Blevins, Juliette},
	editor = {Hickey, Raymond},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1017/9781107279872.006},
	pages = {88--121},
}

@incollection{coghill_northeastern_2020,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Northeastern {Neo}-{Aramaic} and {Language} {Contact}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-994509-2},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945092.013.19},
	abstract = {The North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic dialects form one of the surviving branches of the Aramaic language family. Extremely diverse, they are or were spoken by Christian and Jewish minorities originating in Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran. They have been in intense contact with other languages of the region, most notably Kurdish, but also Arabic, Turkic languages and Persian. As a result, they show a great deal of contact influence, not only in lexicon and phonology but also in morphology and syntax. The precise forms of the borrowings, as well as their behavior, usually reflect the local dialects of the donor language, showing how important fine-grained dialectal data is in a study of language contact. While some of the languages in contact, namely Kurdish, Turkish and Persian, are structurally very different to NENA, structural congruence or compatibility plays at best a fluctuating role in facilitating borrowings.},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Coghill, Eleanor},
	editor = {Grant, Anthony P.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945092.013.19},
	pages = {494--518},
}

@book{hadank_mundarten_1932,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Mundarten {Der} {Zaza}, {Hauptsachlich} {Aus} {Siwerek} {Und} {Kor}},
	publisher = {Preussischen Akademie Der Wissenschafte},
	author = {Hadank, Karl and Mann, Oskar},
	month = jan,
	year = {1932},
}

@book{noauthor_mundarten_nodate,
	title = {Mundarten der {Zaza}},
}

@misc{windfuhr_dialectology_1995,
	title = {Dialectology},
	volume = {VII},
	url = {https://iranicaonline.org},
	abstract = {The Encyclopaedia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2023-03-21},
	journal = {Encyclopædia Iranica},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {362--370},
}

@incollection{kinzler_adpositions_2022,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {Adpositions in {Kurdish}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-78837-7},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78837-7_7},
	abstract = {Kurdish has pre-, circum- and, in some dialects, postpositions. Common traits and variation of adpositions in Kurdish are discussed using MDKD material. The inventory of adpositions in Kurdish is composed of a relatively small set of core and other adpositions, including several types of compound adpositions. There is considerable variation, with parts of the south (mostly prepositions) and the north (more postpositions) as extreme ends. Shared combinations of prepositions and a pronominal element are preserved or, in some dialects, reanalysed as forms used with clitic pronouns. Variation is also found in meaning, and items may overlap with other adpositions and means of expressing semantic functions. Area-particular features are found across neighbouring varieties in both Northern and Central Kurdish.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	booktitle = {Structural and {Typological} {Variation} in the {Dialects} of {Kurdish}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Kinzler, Maximilian},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-78837-7_7},
	pages = {291--333},
}

@article{dickey_varying_2011,
	title = {The varying role of po- in the grammaticalization of {Slavic} aspectual systems: sequences of events, delimitatives, and {German} language contact},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {10682090},
	shorttitle = {The varying role of po- in the grammaticalization of {Slavic} aspectual systems},
	url = {https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=10682090&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA344496774&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs},
	abstract = {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Gale{\textless}/em{\textgreater} Academic OneFile includes The varying role of po- in the grammaticalization of Sl by Stephen M. Dickey. Click to explore.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-03-10},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Dickey, Stephen M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Publisher: Slavica Publishers, Inc.},
	pages = {200--231},
}

@incollection{khan_contact_nodate,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Current {Issues} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	title = {Contact and change in {Neo}-{Aramaic} dialects},
	isbn = {978-90-272-0479-0 978-90-272-6167-0},
	abstract = {Aramaic, a Semitic language, has survived down to modern times as a spoken language in a large diversity of Neo-Aramaic dialects. This paper examines various aspects of contact-induced linguistic change in the subgroup of dialects known as North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). These dialects have for many centuries been in contact with various other languages, including Semitic (Arabic) and non-Semitic (Kurdish, Persian, Armenian, Turkic languages). Various motivating factors can be identified for contact-induced change in the NENA dialects. These are sociolinguistic and internal systemic. When change occurs it often involves only partial convergence. Change sometimes results in imitations of the morphology of the contact language using internal morphological elements. Sociolinguistic and internal systemic factors can also inhibit change in a contact situation.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-03-10},
	booktitle = {Historical {Linguistics} 2017: {Selected} papers from the 23rd {International} {Conference} on {Historical} {Linguistics}, {San} {Antonio}, {Texas}, 31 {July} – 4 {August} 2017},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Drinka, Bridget},
	doi = {10.1075/cilt.350.18kha},
	note = {Pages: 387-408
Publication Title: Historical Linguistics 2017: Selected papers from the 23rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics, San Antonio, Texas, 31 July – 4 August 2017},
	pages = {387--408},
}

@misc{kibort_grammatical_2008,
	title = {Grammatical {Features} {Inventory}: {Number}},
	shorttitle = {Grammatical {Features} {Inventory}},
	url = {http://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/features/cite},
	doi = {10.15126/SMG.18/1.02},
	abstract = {In attempting to understand language, many researchers use features, the elements
into which linguistic units, such as words, can be broken down. Examples of features
are NUMBER (singular, plural, dual, ...), PERSON (1st, 2nd, 3rd), and TENSE (present,
past, ...). Features have proved invaluable for analysis and description, and have a
major role in contemporary linguistics, from the most abstract theorising to the most
applied computational applications. Yet little is firmly established about features:
we have no inventory of which features are found in the world's languages, no agreed
account of how they operate across different components of language, no certainty on
how they interact, and thus no general theory of features. They are used, but are
little discussed and poorly understood. This is a central gap in the conceptual
underpinning of much linguistic investigation.

The Grammatical Features Inventory  is an attempt to put the notion of linguistic
'feature' on a sounder empirical and conceptual base. It aims to provide evidence for
the diverse content of features in the world's languages, as well as discuss some of
their formal properties, particularly in morphology (word structure) and syntax
(sentence structure).

'Number' is a grammatical category which encodes quantification over entities or events denoted by nouns or nominal elements. It derives from the ability to perceive something as a token, an instance of a class of referents, and the ability to differentiate between one and more than one (i.e. the 'plurality' of) instances of the referent. Since number can refer to entities or events, it has been suggested that in language we find both nominal number and verbal number, the latter phenomenon also being referred to as 'pluractionality'. However, on the alternative view, pluractionality is regarded as an expression of situaton type (see the entry on 'Aspect'), not number. The present entry will focus on nominal number.

This resource was created for the project 'Grammatical features: A key to
understanding language', funded by the Economic and Social Research Council under
grant number RES-051-27-0122. This support is gratefully acknowledged.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-03-09},
	publisher = {University of Surrey},
	author = {Kibort, Anna and Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Features, Morphology, Number, Surrey Morphology Group, Syntax, Typology, University of Surrey},
}

@book{watkins_indo-european_1962,
	address = {Dublin},
	title = {Indo-{European} {Origins} of the {Celtic} {Verb}. 1. {The} {Sigmatic} {Aorist}.},
	publisher = {Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies},
	author = {Watkins, Calvert},
	year = {1962},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_persian_2009,
	address = {Routledge},
	title = {Persian and {Tajik}},
	booktitle = {The {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {London \& New York},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot and Perry, John R.},
	editor = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {416--544},
}

@article{belelli_laki_2021,
	title = {The {Laki} variety of {Harsin} : grammar, texts, lexicon},
	copyright = {CC BY 4.0},
	shorttitle = {The {Laki} variety of {Harsin}},
	url = {https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/handle/uniba/51703},
	doi = {10.20378/irb-51703},
	abstract = {Dissertation, L’Orientale University of Naples, 2016},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2023-03-01},
	journal = {Bamberg Studies in Kurdish Linguistics (BSKL)},
	author = {Belelli, Sara},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Accepted: 2022-02-08T09:31:39Z
ISBN: 9783863098254
Publisher: University of Bamberg Press},
}

@misc{paul_kurdish_2008,
	title = {Kurdish language, i. {History} of the {Kurdish} language},
	url = {https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-i},
	urldate = {2023-03-01},
	journal = {Encyclopædia Iranica},
	author = {Paul, Ludwig},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{hassanpour_nationalism_1992,
	address = {San Francisco},
	title = {Nationalism and {Language} in {Kurdistan}, 1918-85: {The} {Language} {Factor} in {National} {Development}},
	isbn = {978-0-7734-9816-7},
	shorttitle = {Nationalism and {Language} in {Kurdistan}, 1918-85},
	abstract = {Standardization, as defined in this study, is a struggle to create a national language. It involves more than alphabet reform or codification of phonology and vocabulary. Standardization is treated as language development, similar and closely related to social, economic, and political development. The approach here is interdisciplinary, cutting across a number of fields in social sciences: sociolinguistics, political science, mass media studies, education, and policy studies.},
	publisher = {Edwin Mellen Press Ltd},
	author = {Hassanpour, Amir},
	month = dec,
	year = {1992},
}

@misc{mohammadirad_language_2022,
	address = {Otawa},
	title = {Language distribution in {Kordestan} province, {Iran}},
	copyright = {Materials are under copyright. Contact admin@gcrc.carleton.ca},
	url = {http://iranatlas.net/module/language-distribution.kordestan},
	abstract = {The Atlas of the Languages of Iran is a collection of interactive maps showing geographic distribution and linguistic typology of Iran’s languages.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2023-02-04},
	journal = {Atlas of the languages of Iran (ALI)},
	publisher = {GCRC (Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre), Carleton University},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Anonby, Erik and et al.},
	editor = {Anonby, Erik and Taheri-Ardali, Mortaza and et al.},
	year = {2022},
}

@article{korn_contributions_2021,
	title = {Contributions to a relative chronology of {Persian}: {The} non-change of postconsonantal y and w in {Middle} {Persian} in context},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2212-5884, 2212-5892},
	shorttitle = {Contributions to a relative chronology of {Persian}},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/ieul/9/1/article-p85_4.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/22125892-bja10009},
	abstract = {Abstract Old Persian shows a change of postconsonantal y, w to iy, uw, respectively. However, if one applies (pre-)Middle Persian sound changes to the Old Persian forms, the result is at variance with certain Middle Persian forms. If one were to assume a syncope reversing the Old Persian change of y, w to iy, uw, this would also affect old cases of iy, uw and likewise yield incorrect results for Middle Persian. The Old Persian change can thus not have operated in the prehistory of Middle Persian, and there is a dialectal difference between attested Old Persian and the later stages of the language, which is to be added to those already noted. The paper also discusses some sound changes that are connected to the Old Persian change in one way or the other. Cases in point are the processes called Epenthesis and Umlaut in previous scholarship, which this article suggests to interpret as occurring in different contexts and in different periods. The former is limited to Vry, which yields Vir and feeds into a monophthongisation that, as shown by some late Old Persian word forms, occurred within Achaemenid times, giving ēr and īr from ary and əry. Epenthesis did not occur in the prehistory of Parthian, whereas the monophthongisation did. The Appendix presents a tentative sequence of the processes discussed in this article, which is intended as a contribution to the relative chronology of Persian historical phonology.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-01-29},
	journal = {Indo-European Linguistics},
	author = {Korn, Agnes},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Brill},
	keywords = {Iranian linguistics, Middle Persian, Old Persian, Persian, sound change},
	pages = {85--127},
}

@article{khan_change_2022,
	title = {The change in the grammatical category of the copula in {North}-{Eastern} {Neo}-{Aramaic}:},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2210-2116},
	shorttitle = {The change in the grammatical category of the copula in {North}-{Eastern} {Neo}-{Aramaic}},
	url = {https://benjamins.com/catalog/jhl.21019.kha},
	doi = {10.1075/jhl.21019.kha},
	abstract = {North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA), which is a subgroup of dialects of vernacular Neo-Aramaic, exhibits considerable internal diversity. In this paper, I describe the diversity that exists in the form of the copula in this subgroup. The paradigms of the copula in the various dialects exhibit different degrees of convergence with verbal inflection. There is an areal progression in verbalization from the western periphery to the eastern periphery. The incipient verbalization of the copula can be correlated with semantic properties of the subject and the clause that would be expected typologically to be most compatible with verbal predicates. Close correlations, however, can be identified with the distribution of pronominal and verbal inflections of copulas in the languages with which the NENA dialects have been in contact in the region. It is likely, therefore, that the realization of the internal potential verbalization of the NENA copula was induced by language contact.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2023-01-18},
	journal = {Journal of Historical Linguistics},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	pages = {446--475},
}

@article{matras_investigating_2007,
	title = {Investigating the mechanisms of pattern replication in language convergence:},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0378-4177},
	shorttitle = {Investigating the mechanisms of pattern replication in language convergence},
	url = {https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.31.4.05mat},
	doi = {10.1075/sl.31.4.05mat},
	abstract = {The replication of concrete formal-structural material (morpho-phonological forms with attached meanings) from one language in another is universally understood to instantiate grammatical and lexical ‘borrowing’ (we follow mainstream usage here and attach no value judgement to the word ‘borrowing’ itself, which is obviously just a metaphor). More controversial is the interpretation of contact-induced structural change that does not involve such replication of forms, but is manifested rather through shift in meaning, distribution, or organisation of inherited material, inspired by an external model. Such changes are sometimes referred to as ‘convergent developments’, and are often typical of linguistic areas. We explore the position of language convergence of this kind in the overall context of contact-induced change. Taking into consideration recent work on language convergence in the context of grammaticalisation theory (Heine \& Kuteva 2005), we address the mechanism that is involved when language-internal resources are employed to replicate an external model. We attempt to trace this mechanism to its roots at the level of the organisation of communicative discourse in multilingual settings.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2023-01-10},
	journal = {Studies in Language},
	author = {Matras, Yaron and Sakel, Jeanette},
	month = aug,
	year = {2007},
	note = {Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	pages = {829--865},
}

@misc{grenoble_language_2021,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Language {Shift}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-938465-5},
	url = {https://oxfordre-com.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-347},
	abstract = {"Language Shift" published on  by Oxford University Press.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-01-09},
	journal = {Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Grenoble, Lenore A.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.347},
}

@article{lecoq_grammaire_1997,
	title = {Le grammaire historique du kurde},
	volume = {2},
	doi = {10.2143/JKS.2.0.519233},
	journal = {Journal of Kurdish Studies},
	author = {Lecoq, Pierre},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {31--36},
}

@incollection{nichols_diversity_2003,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Diversity and stability in languages},
	booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Historical} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Nichols, Johanna},
	editor = {Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {283--310},
}

@incollection{hickey_contact_2010,
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	series = {Blackwell {Handbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {Contact and {Language} {Shift}},
	isbn = {978-1-119-48509-4},
	abstract = {The motivation for language shift and the circumstances under which it takes place will vary from case to case but there is sufficient common ground for generalizations to be made about language shift and for the analysis of a single instance to be of broader value to the study of language shift as a whole. This chapter deals with the rise of vernacular varieties of Irish English during the shift period of the past few centuries. It presents information to highlight key aspects of language shift. The case for contact should be considered across all linguistic levels. In particular it is beneficial to consider phonological factors when examining syntactic transfer. Despite the typological differences between Irish and English there are nonetheless a number of unexpected parallels which should not be misinterpreted as the result of contact. In present-day Ireland, Irish has no influence on English but the reverse is very much the case.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Hickey, Raymond},
	editor = {Hickey, Raymond},
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.1002/9781119485094.ch7},
	note = {Section: 7
\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119485094.ch7},
	keywords = {Irish English, language contact, language shift, phonological factors, syntactic transfer, vernacular varieties},
	pages = {150--169},
}

@article{winford_contact-induced_2005,
	title = {Contact-induced changes: {Classification} and processes:},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0176-4225},
	shorttitle = {Contact-induced changes},
	url = {https://benjamins.com/catalog/dia.22.2.05win},
	doi = {10.1075/dia.22.2.05win},
	abstract = {Traditionally, contact-induced changes in languages have been classified into two broad categories: those due to ‘borrowing’ and those due to ‘interference’ by an L1 or other primary language on an L2 in the course of second language acquisition (SLA). Other terms used for ‘interference’ include ‘substratum influence’ and ‘transfer.’ Inconsistencies in the use of these terms pose a problem for the classification and analysis of the outcomes of contact-induced change. Moreover, labels like these, unfortunately, have been used to refer both to the outcomes of language contact and to the processes that lead to such results. This imprecision in the use of key terms poses serious problems for our understanding of what is actually involved in the two types of crosslinguistic influence. Moreover, it has led to inaccuracy in our assignment of changes to one or the other category. The aim of this paper is to reassess the conventional wisdom on the distinction between borrowing and ‘interference,’ and to clarify the vehicles of change as well as the outcomes characteristic of each. My approach is based on Van Coetsem's (1988) distinction between two transfer types – borrowing under RL agentivity, and imposition under SL agentivity, with their shared but differently implemented processes of imitation and adaptation. Crucially, this approach recognizes that the same agents may employ either kind of agentivity, and hence different transfer types, in the same contact situation. It is the failure to recognize this that has sometimes led to inaccuracy in accounts of the nature and origins of contact-induced changes, as well as to conflicting classifications of the outcomes of contact. The present paper proposes a more rigorous and consistent classification, based on the kinds of agentivity involved.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-01-03},
	journal = {Diachronica},
	author = {Winford, Donald},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	note = {Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	pages = {373--427},
}

@book{khan_neo-aramaic_2022,
	title = {Neo-{Aramaic} and {Kurdish} {Folklore} from {Northern} {Iraq}: {A} {Comparative} {Anthology} with a {Sample} of {Glossed} {Texts}, {Volume} 2},
	isbn = {978-1-80064-769-5 978-1-80064-770-1 978-1-80064-771-8},
	shorttitle = {Neo-{Aramaic} and {Kurdish} {Folklore} from {Northern} {Iraq}},
	url = {https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0307},
	abstract = {This comparative anthology showcases the rich and mutually intertwined folklore of three ethno-religious communities from northern Iraq: Aramaic-speaking (‘Syriac’) Christians, Kurdish Muslims and—to a lesser extent—Aramaic-speaking Jews.},
	language = {Syriac},
	urldate = {2023-01-03},
	publisher = {Open Book Publishers},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey and Mohammadirad, Masoud and Molin, Dorota and Noorlander, Paul},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.11647/obp.0307},
}

@incollection{mithun_substratum_2011,
	title = {The substratum in grammar and discourse},
	isbn = {978-3-11-085184-7},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110851847.103/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {The substratum in grammar and discourse was published in Language Contact on page 103.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-01-02},
	booktitle = {The substratum in grammar and discourse},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Mithun, Marianne},
	editor = {Håkon Jahr, Ernst},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110851847.103},
	pages = {103--116},
}

@book{wichmann_temporal_2009,
	address = {München},
	title = {Temporal {Stability} of {Linguistic} {Typological} {Features}},
	publisher = {LINCOM Europa},
	author = {Wichmann, Søren and Holman, Eric W.},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{izady_kurds_1992,
	address = {Washington},
	edition = {1st edition},
	title = {The {Kurds}: {A} {Concise} {Handbook}},
	isbn = {978-0-8448-1727-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Kurds}},
	abstract = {First Published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor \& Francis, an informa company.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Izady, Mehrdad},
	year = {1992},
}

@book{ardalan_les_2004,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Les {Kurdes} {Ardalân}. {Entre} la {Perse} et l’{Empire} ottoman},
	publisher = {Guethner},
	author = {Ardalan, Sheerin},
	year = {2004},
}

@incollection{gouskova_falling_2001,
	title = {Falling sonority onsets, loanwords, and {Syllable} {Contact}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th meeting of the {Chicago} {Linguistics} {Society}},
	author = {Gouskova, Maria},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {175--186},
}

@incollection{opengin_pronominal_2022,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {Pronominal {Clitics} {Across} {Kurdish}: {Areal} {Distribution}, {Structural} {Variation}, and {Diachrony}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-78837-7},
	booktitle = {Structural and {Typological} {Variation} in the {Dialects} of {Kurdish}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin and Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-78837-7_5},
	pages = {181--237},
}

@inbook{HaigNoorlanderSchiborr+2025+159+184,
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110443011-010},
title = {10. Which word order features are stable in a contact setting? Corpus-based evidence from the Western Asian Transition Zone},
booktitle = {Language contact: An international handbook, Volume 2},
author = {Geoffrey Haig and Paul Noorlander and Nils Schiborr},
editor = {Jeroen Darquennes and Joseph C. Salmons and Wim Vandenbussche},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
address = {Berlin},
pages = {159--184},
doi = {doi:10.1515/9783110443011-010},
isbn = {9783110443011},
year = {2025},
lastchecked = {2025-04-29}
}


@incollection{haig_northern_2018,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Northern {Kurdish} ({Kurmanjî})},
	isbn = {978-3-11-042168-2},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110421682-004/html},
	abstract = {2.3. Northern Kurdish (Kurmanjî) was published in The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia on page 106.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-10-14},
	booktitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110421682-004},
	pages = {106--158},
}

@incollection{mohammadirad_basic_nodate,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {A basic description of {Southern} {Kurdish}},
	booktitle = {Oxford hanbook of {Kurdish} {Linguistics}.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Karimi-Doostan, Gholāmhossein},
	editor = {Sheyholislami, Jaffer and Haig, Geoffrey and Khezri, Haidar and Akin, Salih and Öpengin, Ergin},
}

@incollection{mohammadirad_bound_2025,
  author    = {Mohammadirad, Masoud },
  title     = {Bound Argument Ordering Across Central Kurdish and the Gorani Substrate},
  booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Kurdish Linguistics},
  editor    = {Jaffer Sheyholislami and Geoffrey Haig and Haidar Khezri and Salih Akin and Ergin Öpengin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  year      = {in press},
  note      = {Forthcoming}
}

@incollection{Ahmadi_formal_2025,
  author    = {Ahmadi, Sina and Haig, Geoffrey},
  title     = {A formal introduction to verbal morphology of Central Kurdish},
  booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Kurdish Linguistics},
  editor    = {Jaffer Sheyholislami and Geoffrey Haig and Haidar Khezri and Salih Akin and Ergin Öpengin},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  year      = {2026},
  note      = {Forthcoming}
}

@article{haspelmath2021role,
  author    = {Haspelmath, Martin},
  title     = {Role-reference associations and the explanation of argument coding splits},
  journal   = {Linguistics},
  volume    = {59},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {123--174},
  year      = {2021},
  doi       = {10.1515/ling-2020-0252}
}

@incollection{hale1982warlpiri,
  author    = {Hale, Kenneth},
  title     = {Some essential features of Warlpiri verbal clauses},
  booktitle = {Papers in Warlpiri Grammar: In Memory of Lothar Jagst},
  editor    = {Schwartz, Stephen M.},
  pages     = {217--314},
  year      = {1982},
  series    = {Series A 6},
  publisher = {SIL, Australian Aborigines Branch},
  address   = {Darwin}
}


@article{Haspelmath2019,
  author    = {Haspelmath, Martin},
  title     = {Indexing and flagging, and head and dependent marking},
  journal   = {Te Reo},
  year      = {2019},
  volume    = {62},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {93--115},
  note      = {Issue in Honour of Frantisek Lichtenberk},
  doi       = {10.17617/2.3168042}
}


@incollection{hawkins_ordering_2008,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Typological {Studies} in {Language}},
	title = {The ordering of obliques: {An} asymmetry between {VO} and {OV} languages},
	booktitle = {Case and Grammatical Relations: Studies in honor of Bernard Comrie},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Hawkins, John A.},
	editor = {Corbett, Greville G. and Noonan, Michael},
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1075/tsl.81.08ana},
	note = {Pages: 167-190
Publication Title: Case and Grammatical Relations: Studies in honor of Bernard Comrie},
}

@article{dryer_greenbergian_1992,
	title = {The {Greenbergian} word order correlations},
	volume = {68},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Dryer, Matthew S.},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {81--138},
}

@incollection{haig_post_2022,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {Post predicate constituents across {Kurdish}},
	booktitle = {Structural and {Typological} {Variation} in the {Dialects} of {Kurdish}},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {335--377},
}

@phdthesis{becker_articles_2018,
	address = {Leipzig},
	title = {Articles in the world’s languages},
	school = {Universität Leipzig dissertation},
	author = {Becker, Laura},
	year = {2018},
}

@book{jaba_recueil_1860,
	address = {Saint Petersburg},
	title = {Recueil de notices et de récits kourdes},
	author = {Jaba, Alexandre},
	year = {1860},
}

@incollection{smits_two_1998,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Current {Issues} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	title = {Two {Models} for the {Study} of {Language} {Contact}},
	language = {English},
	number = {164},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	booktitle = {Historical {Linguistics} 1997: {Selected} papers from the 13th {International} {Conference} on {Historical} {Linguistics}, {Düsseldorf}, 10–17 {August} 1997},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Smits, Caroline},
	editor = {Schmid, Monika S. and Austin, Jennifer R. and Stein, Dieter},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	pages = {377--390},
}

@book{van_coetsem_loan_1988,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	title = {Loan {Phonology} and the {Two} {Transfer} {Types} in {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Foris},
	author = {Van Coetsem, Frans},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{weinreich_languages_1953,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Languages in contact: findings and problems. - {Cambridge} {University}},
	shorttitle = {Languages in contact},
	url = {https://cambridge-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com},
	abstract = {Languages in contact: findings and problems.-book},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	publisher = {Linguistic Circle of New York},
	author = {Weinreich, Uriel},
	year = {1953},
}

@article{noorlander_diversity_2014,
	title = {Diversity in convergence: {Kurdish} and {Aramaic} variation entangled},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Kurdish Studies},
	author = {Noorlander, Paul},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {201--224},
}

@book{butts_language_2016,
	address = {Winona Lake},
	series = {Linguistic {Studies} in {Ancient} {West} {Semitic}},
	title = {Language {Change} in the {Wake} of {Empire}: {Syriac} in {Its} {Greco}-{Roman} {Context}},
	volume = {11},
	isbn = {978-1-57506-422-2},
	shorttitle = {Language {Change} in the {Wake} of {Empire}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781575064222/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {It is well documented that one of the primary catalysts of intense language contact is the expansion of empire. This is true not only of recent history, but it is equally applicable to the more remote past. An exemplary case (or better: cases) of this involves Aramaic. Due to the expansions of empires, Aramaic has throughout its long history been in contact with a variety of languages, including Akkadian, Greek, Arabic, and various dialects of Iranian. This books focuses on one particular episode in the long history of Aramaic language contact: the Syriac dialect of Aramaic in contact with Greek. In this book, Butts presents a new analysis of contact-induced changes in Syriac due to Greek. Several chapters analyze the more than eight-hundred Greek loanwords that occur in Syriac texts from Late Antiquity that were not translated from Greek. Butts also dedicates several chapters to a different category of contact-induced change in which Syriac-speakers replicated inherited Aramaic material on the model of Greek. All of the changes discussed in the book are located within their broader Aramaic context and analyzed through a robust contact linguistic framework. By focusing on the Syriac language itself, Butts introduces new – and arguably more reliable – evidence for locating Syriac Christianity within its Greco-Roman context. This book, thus, is especially important for the field of Syriac studies. The book also contributes to the fields of contact linguistics and the study of ancient languages more broadly by analyzing in detail various types of contact-induced change over a relatively long period of time.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	publisher = {Eisenbrauns},
	author = {Butts, Aaron Michael},
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.1515/9781575064222},
	note = {Publication Title: Language Change in the Wake of Empire},
}

@incollection{stilo_convergence_2015,
	title = {On {The} {Convergence} {Of} {Verbal} {Systems} {Of} {Aramaic} {And} {Its} {Neighbours}. {Part} {II}: {Past} {Paradigms} {Derived} {From} {Present} {Equivalents}},
	isbn = {978-1-4632-3648-9},
	shorttitle = {On {The} {Convergence} {Of} {Verbal} {Systems} {Of} {Aramaic} {And} {Its} {Neighbours}. {Part} {II}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463236489-027/html},
	abstract = {On The Convergence Of Verbal Systems Of Aramaic And Its Neighbours. Part II: Past Paradigms Derived From Present Equivalents was published in Neo-Aramaic and its Linguistic Context on page 453.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	booktitle = {On {The} {Convergence} {Of} {Verbal} {Systems} {Of} {Aramaic} {And} {Its} {Neighbours}. {Part} {II}: {Past} {Paradigms} {Derived} {From} {Present} {Equivalents}},
	publisher = {Gorgias Press},
	author = {Stilo, Donald and Noorlander, Paul},
	editor = {Napiorkowska, Lidia},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.31826/9781463236489-027},
	pages = {453--484},
}

@article{holman_explorations_2008,
	title = {Explorations in automated language classification},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1614-7308},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/FLIN.2008.331/html},
	doi = {10.1515/FLIN.2008.331},
	abstract = {An earlier paper, to which some authors of the present paper have contributed (Brown et al. 2008), describes a method for automating language classification based on the 100-item referent list of Swadesh (1955). Here we discuss a refinement of the method, involving calculation of relative stabilities of list items and reduction of the list to a shorter one by eliminating least stable items. The result is a 40-item referent list. The method for determining stabilities is explained, as well as a method for comparing the classificatory performance of different-sized reduced lists with that of the full 100-item list. A statistical investigation of the relationship of lexical similarity of languages to their geographical proximity is presented. Finally, we test the possibility that information involving typological features of languages can be combined with lexical data to enhance classificatory accuracy.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3-4},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	author = {Holman, Eric W. and Wichmann, Søren and Brown, Cecil H. and Velupillai, Viveka and Müller, André and Bakker, Dik},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
Section: Folia Linguistica},
	keywords = {Swadesh list, language classification, lexicostatistics, word stabilities},
	pages = {331--354},
}

@article{pattillo_borrowability_2021,
	title = {On the {Borrowability} of {Body} {Parts}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1877-4091, 1955-2629},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/14/2/article-p369_369.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/19552629-14020005},
	abstract = {Abstract Within recent years, quantitative cross-linguistic research has shown that body parts are one of the least borrowed semantic fields (Tadmor and Haspelmath, ; ; ). With body parts showing many similarities to closed classes, it is simple to assume there is little motivation for a language to borrow body part terms into its lexicon. Yet, despite its lower percentage of borrowings cross-linguistically, some languages employ much higher percentages of borrowings for naming the body. The motivations behind such borrowings across languages remain unexplored but can largely be explained by social factors. As and claim, social factors generally trump linguistic factors as predictors of contact-induced change. This study first discusses proposed inhibitions to lexical borrowing and then examines cases of body part loanwords from various languages showing how they fit into social patterns motivating such borrowings.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	journal = {Journal of Language Contact},
	author = {Pattillo, Kelsie},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Brill},
	keywords = {body parts, borrowings, calques, loanwords, social motivation},
	pages = {369--402},
}

@incollection{tadmor_iii_2009,
	title = {{III}. {Loanwords} in the world’s languages: {Findings} and results},
	isbn = {978-3-11-021844-2},
	shorttitle = {{III}. {Loanwords} in the world’s languages},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110218442.55/html},
	abstract = {III. Loanwords in the world’s languages: Findings and results was published in Loanwords in the World's Languages on page 55.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-07-23},
	booktitle = {{III}. {Loanwords} in the world’s languages: {Findings} and results},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Tadmor, Uri},
	editor = {Haspelmath, Martin and Tadmor, Uri},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110218442.55},
	pages = {55--75},
}

@article{haig_introduction_2014,
	title = {Introduction to {Special} {Issue} - {Kurdish}: {A} critical research overview},
	volume = {2},
	doi = {10.33182/ks.v2i2.397},
	abstract = {Investigation of the regional variation in Kurmanji, especially its varieties spoken in Turkey, has been almost entirely neglected in the existing literature on Kurdish. In addition to earlier isolated examinations of Kurmanji dialects (cf. MacKenzie, 1961; Ritter, 1971, 1976; Blau, 1975; Jastrow, 1977), native-speaker researchers have recently provided a substantial amount of dialect material across the Kurmanji-speech zone. However, a methodologically-informed evaluation of these observations into a dialect classification is yet to be undertaken. This article aims at providing an initial classification of Kurmanji-internal variation into major regional dialects, based on lexical, phonological and morphosyntactic data collected from five localities in Southeastern Turkey. Cihêrengiya zimanî ya navxweyî di kurmanciyê de: tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayan Di nav xebatên li ser zimanê kurdî de, heta niha, vekolîna cudatiyên devok û zaravayên kurmanciyê, bi taybetî ewên di nav sînorên Tirkiyeyê de, hema bi temamî hatiye piştguhkirin. Ji bilî çend xebatên serbixwe yên pêştir li ser zaravayên kurmancî (wek MacKenzie 1961; Ritter, 1971 û 1976; Blau, 1976; Jastrow 1977), di nav van salên dawî de vekolerên kurdîziman qewareyeke mezin a dane û materyelên ji gelek zaravayên kurmanciyê berhev kirine. Lê belê, hêj ev çavdêriyên berbelav bi rengekî metodolojîk nehatine nirxandin ku tesnîfeke zaravayan jê bi dest bikeve. Ev meqale dil dike tesnîfeke seretayî ya zaravayên serekî yên kurmanciyê pêşkêş bike li ser bingehê daneyên peyvî û fonolojîk û rêzimanî yên li pênc deverên başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê berhevkirî. جیاوازی ناوچەیی لەناو کرمانجیدا: پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی زاراوەکانلەناو ئەو لێکۆڵینەوانەی کە سەبارەت بە جیاوازی ناوچەیی لە کرمانجیدا ئەنجام دراوە، بەتایبەت ئەوانەی کە لەمەڕ جۆربەجۆری ئەو [زاراوانەی] کە لە تورکیا قسەیان پێ دەکرێ، بەتەواوی لەمەڕ هەبوونی ئەدەبیاتێکی هەبوو بە زمانی کوردی چاوپۆشی دەکرێت. سەرەڕای چەند تاقیکردنەوەیەکی تاک و تەرا سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجی کە پێشتر بەئەنجام گەیشتوون (بەراوردی بکەن لەگەڵ مەک‌کینزی، ١٩٦١؛ ڕیتێر، ١٩٧١ و ١٩٧٦؛ بلەو، ١٩٧٦؛ یاسترۆ، ١٩٧٧) لەم ساڵانەی دواییدا توێژەرانی کورد ڕادەیەکی بەرچاو لە مادەی پێویست سەبارەت بە شێوەزارەکانی کرمانجییان لە دەڤەری کرمانجی ئاخێودا دەستەبەر کردووە. هەرچەند بەمەبەستی پۆلینبەندی زاراوەکان، هەتاکوو ئێستا، هەڵسەنگاندنێکی مێتۆدیک و پڕزانیاری لەسەر ئەم تێڕامانانە ئەنجام نەدراوە. ئامانجی ئەم وتارە بریتییە لەوەی کە پۆلینبەندییەکی سەرەتایی لەو جیاوازییە ناوخۆییەی کە لە زاراوە سەرەکییەکانی ناوچە کرمانجی ئاخێوەکاندا هەیە بەدەستەوە بدات و بۆ ئەم مەبەستە توێژینەوەکە لەسەر بنەمای ئەو داتا وشەیی، دەنگناسی و پێکهاتەی ڕێزمانییانە ئەنجام دەدرێت کە لە پێنج ناوچەی باشوری ڕۆژهەڵاتی تورکیا کۆ کراونەتەوە.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Kurdish Studies},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {99--122},
}

@incollection{haig_kurmanji_2018,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Kurmanji {Kurdish} in {Turkey}: {Structure}, {Varieties} and {Status}},
	booktitle = {Linguistic minorities in {Turkey} and {Turkic}-speaking minorities of the periphery},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Öpengin, Ergin},
	editor = {Bulut, Christiane},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {157--230},
}

@misc{mackenzie_gurani_2002,
	series = {4},
	title = {{GURĀNI}},
	volume = {XI},
	journal = {Iranica},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {401--403},
}

@book{mackenzie_kurdish_1962,
	address = {London},
	title = {Kurdish dialect studies},
	volume = {2},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1962},
}

@book{mackenzie_dialect_1966,
	address = {København},
	title = {The dialect of {Awroman} ({Hawrāmān}-ī luhōn): grammatical sketch, texts, and vocabulary},
	shorttitle = {The dialect of {Awroman} ({Hawrāmān}-ī luhōn)},
	number = {Bind 4, Nr 3},
	publisher = {Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1966},
}

@incollection{opengin_history_2021,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {The history of {Kurdish} and the development of literary {Kurmanji}},
	booktitle = {Cambridge history of the {Kurds}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	editor = {Bozarslan, Hamit and Gunes, Cengiz and Yadirgi, Veli},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {603--632},
}

@incollection{ross_syntax_2019,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Syntax and {Contact}-{Induced} {Language} {Change}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-994509-2},
	abstract = {"Syntax and Contact-Induced Language Change" published on  by Oxford University Press.},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Ross, Malcolm},
	editor = {Grant, Anthony P.},
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945092.013.5},
	pages = {123--154},
}

@book{pinault_story-telling_1992,
	address = {Leiden ; New York},
	series = {Studies in {Arabic} literature},
	title = {Story-telling techniques in the {Arabian} nights},
	isbn = {978-90-04-09530-4},
	number = {v. 15},
	publisher = {Brill},
	author = {Pinault, David},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Arabian nights, Narration (Rhetoric), Storytelling, Style},
}

@book{surmelian_apples_1968,
	address = {London},
	series = {{UNESCO} {Collection} of {Representative} {Works}. {Ser}. of {Translations} from the {Literature} of the {Union} of {Soviet} {Socialist} {Republics}.},
	title = {Apples of {Immortality} : {Folktales} of {Armenia}. {London}: {Allen} \& {Unwin}, 1968.},
	publisher = {Allen \& Unwin},
	author = {Surmelian, Leon Z.},
	year = {1968},
}

@article{sadjadi_grammatical_2019,
	title = {Grammatical {Gender} in {Arabic} and {Hawrami}},
	volume = {6},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Journal of Language \& Linguistics},
	author = {Sadjadi, Mahdi},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {85--91},
}

@incollection{hickey_scenarios_2010,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Scenarios for {Language} {Contact}},
	isbn = {978-1-4443-1815-9 978-1-4051-7580-7},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-08-24},
	booktitle = {The {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	author = {Muysken, Pieter},
	editor = {Hickey, Raymond},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.1002/9781444318159.ch13},
	pages = {263--281},
}

@article{clahsen_how_1996,
	title = {How adult second language learning differs from child first language development},
	volume = {19},
	journal = {Behavioural and Brain Sciences},
	author = {Clahsen, Herald and Muysken, Pieter},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {721--723},
}

@article{dabir-moghaddam_linguistic_2020,
	title = {A {Linguistic} {Survey} of {Khorasan}: {Implications} for {Language} {Isolation}, {Language} {Change}, and {Contact} {Linguistics}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {0021-0862, 1475-4819},
	shorttitle = {A {Linguistic} {Survey} of {Khorasan}},
	language = {en},
	number = {3-4},
	urldate = {2021-08-17},
	journal = {Iranian Studies},
	author = {Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {353--401},
}

@incollection{matras_borrowability_2007,
	address = {Berlin, New York},
	title = {The borrowability of structural categories},
	isbn = {978-3-11-019919-2},
	booktitle = {Empirical {Approaches} to {Language} {Typology} [{EALT}]},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	editor = {Matras, Yaron and Sakel, Jeanette},
	year = {2007},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110199192.31},
	pages = {31--74},
}

@book{karimi-doostan_kurdiye_2001,
	address = {Sanandaj},
	title = {Kurdiye ilāmi: {Barrasiye} guyeše {Badre} [{The} {Kurdish} of {Ilām}: {A} study of the dialect of {Badre}]},
	publisher = {University of Kurdistan},
	author = {Karimi-Doostan, Gholāmhossein},
	year = {2001},
}

@phdthesis{karimi_vizhegihaye_2020,
	address = {Ilam},
	type = {{PhD} dissertation},
	title = {Vizhegihāye {Sarfi}-nahviye {Kurdiye} {Jonubi} ({Morpho}-syntactic {Properties} of {Southern} {Kurdish})},
	school = {Ilam Azad University},
	author = {Karimi, Ameneh},
	year = {2020},
}

@article{karimi-doostan_dastgahe_1993,
	title = {Dastgāhe vājiye {Kurdiye} {Sanandaj} ({Phonological} {System} of the {Kurdish} dialect of {Sanandaj})},
	volume = {1},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Linguistic research},
	author = {Karimi-Doostan, Gholāmhossein},
	year = {1993},
}

@article{karimi-doostan_saxte_2001,
	title = {Sāxte hejā dar zabāne {Kurdi} ({Kurdish} {Syllable} {Structure})},
	volume = {1-2},
	number = {35},
	journal = {Ferdowsi Mashhad University journal of Language and Literature},
	author = {Karimi-Doostan, Gholāmhossein},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {235--248},
}

@incollection{querry_dialecte_1896,
	title = {Le dialecte {Guerruci}},
	booktitle = {Mémoires de la {Société} de {Linguistique} de {Paris}},
	author = {Querry, Amédée},
	year = {1896},
	pages = {1--23},
}

@book{jalilian_zarina-w_nodate,
	title = {Zarīna-w {Sīmīna} ({Southern} {Kurdish} proverbs)},
	volume = {3 volumes},
	author = {Jalilian, Abbas},
}

@book{kamber_kurdish_2015,
	title = {Kurdish proverbs and sayings ({Feylî} dialect)},
	url = {https://www.bod.se/bokshop/catalogsearch/result/?q=Kurdish+proverbs+and+sayings+%3A},
	publisher = {BoD},
	author = {Kamber, Saiwan},
	year = {2015},
}

@book{jalilian_farhangi_2006,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Farhangī {Bashūr}},
	publisher = {Porseman},
	author = {Jalilian, Abbas},
	year = {2006},
}

@book{gignoux_etudes_1989,
	address = {Paris Leuven},
	series = {Studia iranica},
	title = {Etudes irano-aryennes offertes à {Gilbert} {Lazard}},
	language = {mul eng fre ita ger},
	number = {7},
	publisher = {Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes Peeters},
	author = {Gignoux, Philippe and Fouchécour, Charles Henri de and Lazard, Gilbert},
	collaborator = {Délégation archéologique française en Iran and Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{moravcsik_language_1978,
	address = {Stanford, CA},
	title = {Language contact},
	booktitle = {Universals of {Human} {Language}: {Method} and {Theory}},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Moravcsik, Edith A.},
	editor = {Greenberg, Joseph H. and Ferguson, Charles A. and Moravcsik, Edith A.},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {93--122},
}

@incollection{booij_against_1994,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	title = {Against split morphology},
	booktitle = {Yearbook of {Morphology} 1993},
	publisher = {Kluwer},
	author = {Booij, Geert E.},
	editor = {Booij, Geert E. and van Marle, Jaap},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {27--50},
}

@incollection{gardani_morphology_2020,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Morphology and {Contact}-{Induced} {Language} {Change}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-994509-2},
	abstract = {"Morphology and Contact-Induced Language Change" published on  by Oxford University Press.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of {Language} {Contact}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Gardani, Francesco},
	editor = {Grant, Anthony P.},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945092.013.4},
	pages = {96--122},
}

@book{mann_mundarten_1930,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Mundarten der {Gûrân}, besonders das {Kändûläî}, {Auramânî} und {Bâdschälânî}, bearbeitet von {Karl} {Hadank}},
	publisher = {Verlag der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei Walter de Gruyter \& Co.},
	author = {Mann, Oskar and Hadank, Karl},
	year = {1930},
}

@book{khan_jewish_2004,
	address = {Leiden},
	title = {The {Jewish} neo-{Aramaic} dialect of {Sulemaniyya} and Ḥalabja},
	isbn = {978-90-04-13869-8},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Brill},
	author = {Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2004},
	note = {OCLC: 55131261},
}

@article{haig_grammaticalization_2018,
	title = {The grammaticalization of object pronouns: {Why} differential object indexing is an attractor state},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {0024-3949},
	shorttitle = {The grammaticalization of object pronouns},
	abstract = {While the grammaticalization of person agreement is a widely-cited and apparently uncontroversial topos of grammaticalization theory, the striking differences in the outcome of subject pronoun, and object pronoun grammaticalization, remain unexplained, and the relevant literature continues to assume a unified grammaticalization pathway. This paper argues that the grammaticalization of object pronouns is fundamentally different to that of subject pronouns. More specifically, although object pronouns may be rapid early grammaticalizers, often losing prosodic independence and cliticizing to a verbal head, they do not advance further to reach the stage of obligatory agreement markers typical of subject agreement. Typically, object markers remain at the stage of Differential Object Indexing, where their realization is conditioned by a bundle of semantic and pragmatic factors exhibiting close parallels to those operative in Differential Object Marking. Evidence from language typology, and from the diachrony of person markers across two millennia of Iranian languages, is adduced to back up these claims. Thus the widely-assumed grammaticalization cline for the grammaticalization of agreement needs to be reconsidered; for object agreement, there is evidently an attractor state, that of Differential Object Indexing, beyond which object agreement seldom proceeds. Finally, explanations grounded in discourse data are proposed, which also account for why obligatory object agreement in the category of person is so rare, while gender and number agreement for objects is far less constrained.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {agreement, grammaticalization, indexing, object, subject},
	pages = {781--818},
}

@book{kurdistani_mizgani_1930,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Mizgānī ({Nazānī})},
	author = {Kurdistānī, Saʿīd Khān},
	year = {1930},
}

@article{jugel_linguistic_2014,
	title = {On the linguistic history of {Kurdish}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2051-4891, 2051-4883},
	abstract = {Historical linguistic sources of Kurdish date back just a few hundred years, thus it is not possible to track the profound grammatical changes of Western Iranian languages in Kurdish. Through a comparison with attested languages of the Middle Iranian period, this paper provides a hypothetical chronology of grammatical changes. It allows us to tentatively localise the approximate time when modern varieties separated with regard to the respective grammatical change. In order to represent the types of linguistic relationship involved, distinct models of language contact and language continua are set up. Li ser tarîxa zimannasî ya zimanê kurdîÇavkaniyên tarîxî yên zimanê kurdî bes bi qasî çend sedsalan kevn in, lewma em nikarin di zimanê kurdî de wan guherînên bingehî yên rêzimana zimanên îranî yên rojavayî destnîşan bikin. Ev meqale kronolojiyeke ferazî ya guherînên rêzimanî yên kurdiyê dabîn dike bi rêya muqayesekirina bi wan zimanên xwedan-belge yên serdema îraniya navîn. Bi vî rengî, em dikarin bi awayekî muweqet dem û serdemeke teqrîbî diyar bikin ku tê de ziman û şêwezarên nû ji aliyê guherînên rêzimanî ve jêk cuda bûne. Ji bo berçavkirina awayên têkiliya zimanî di navbera zimanan de, modêlên cihê yên temasa zimanî û dirêjeya zimanî hatine danîn. ١. سەبارەت بە مێژووی زمانناسیی زمانی کوردی سەرچاوە مێژووە زمانناسییەکانی زمانی کوردی تەنیا بۆ چەند سەدە پێش ئێستا دەگەڕێنەوە، بۆیە ناکرێت شوێن پێی گۆڕانکارییە پڕمانا ڕێزمانییەکانی زمانەکانی ڕۆژئاوای ئێران لەناو زمانی کوردیدا هەڵگرین. ئەم وتارە، لە ڕێگەی بەراوردکردنی زمانی کوردی لەگەڵ زمانەکانی قۆناغی ئێرانی ناوەندی کە بەڵگەمەندن، کرۆنۆلۆجیایەکی گریمانەیی لە گۆڕانکارییە ڕێزمانییەکان بەدەستەوە دەدات. ئەم ڕێکارە ڕێگەمان پێ دەدات، کە بەشێوەیەکی تاقیکاری، کاتێک نزیک بەو سەردەمە دەستنیشان بکەین کە جۆراوجۆرییە نوێکان بەگوێرەی گۆڕانی ڕێزمانیی پەیوەندیدار لە یەک جیا دەبنەوە. بۆ پیشاندانی جۆرەکانی پەیوەندی زمانناسی کە لێرەدا خۆیان دەردەخەن، چەند مۆدێلی جیاواز لە بەرکەوتنی زمانی و درێژەدانی زمانی ئامادە کراوە.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Kurdish Studies},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {123--142},
}

@incollection{opengin_history_2021-1,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {The {History} of {Kurdish} and the {Development} of {Literary} {Kurmanji}},
	abstract = {The Cambridge History of the Kurds - April 2021},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} {History} of the {Kurds}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	editor = {Bozarslan, Hamit and Gunes, Cengiz and Yadirgi, Veli},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1017/9781108623711.025},
	note = {Pages: 603-632
Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {603--632},
}

@article{mackinnon_dialect_2002,
	title = {The {Dialect} of {Xorramabad} and {Comparative} {Notes} on {Other} {Lor} {Dialects}},
	volume = {31},
	doi = {10.2143/SI.31.1.280},
	abstract = {This article gives a description of the phonology and morphology of Xorramâbâdî, a Northern Lor dialect spoken in western Iran. It discusses the features that Xorramâbâdî shares with other Northern Lor dialects and argues that these features as an ensemble are what render the Northern Lor dialects a distinct group. It notes features that the Northern Lor dialects share with non-Persian Northwest Iranian dialects such as Kurdish.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Studia Iranica},
	author = {Mackinnon, Colin},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {103--138},
}

@article{blau_cagani_1994,
	title = {Le cagani: lori or {Kurde}?},
	volume = {22},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Studia Iranica},
	author = {Blau, Joyce},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {93--119},
}

@incollection{belelli_towards_2019,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Towards a dialectology of {Southern} {Kurdish}: {Where} to begin?},
	volume = {1},
	booktitle = {Current issues in {Kurdish} linguistics},
	publisher = {University of Bamberg Press},
	author = {Belelli, Sara},
	editor = {Gündoğdu, Songül and Öpengin, Ergin and Haig, Geoffrey and Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {73--92},
}

@book{christensen_iranische_1939,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Iranische {Dialekt} aufzeichnungen, aus dem {Nachlass} von {F}. {C}. {Andreas}, zusammen mit {Kaj} {Barr} und {W}. {Henning} bearbeitet und herausgegeben von {Arthur} {Christensen}. {Ister} {Teil}. {Sivändi}, {Yäzdi} und {Sôî}, bearbeitet von {Arthur} {Christensen} {Kurdische} {Dialekte}, bearbeitet von {Kaj} {Barr}},
	isbn = {978-3-639-06618-0},
	publisher = {Weidmannsche Verlagsbuch-handlung.},
	author = {Christensen, Arthur and Barr, Kaj},
	year = {1939},
}

@incollection{comrie_before_1992,
	address = {Redwood City, CA},
	series = {Santa {Fe} {Institute} {Studie} in the {Sciences} of {Complexity}},
	title = {Before complexity},
	number = {XI},
	booktitle = {The evolution of human languages},
	publisher = {Addison Wesley},
	author = {Comrie, Bernard},
	editor = {John A., Hawkins and Gell-mann, Murray},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {193--211},
}

@incollection{blau_kurde_1989,
	title = {Le kurde lori},
	booktitle = {Cahier de studia iranica 7 [{Special} issue: Études irano-aryennes offertes à {Gilbert} {Lazard}]},
	author = {Blau, Joyce},
	year = {1989},
}

@article{weisi_language_2021,
	title = {Language dominance and shift among {Kalhuri} {Kurdish} speakers in the multilingual context of {Iran}: {Linguistic} suicide or linguicide?},
	shorttitle = {Language dominance and shift among {Kalhuri} {Kurdish} speakers in the multilingual context of {Iran}},
	doi = {10.1075/lplp.20010.wei},
	abstract = {Abstract The current language policy and planning of many countries still adhere to the nation-state ideology of “one nation equals one official language”. This issue is likely to cause the linguistic minority groups to devalue or even abandon their own mother tongue and identify with the official language of the country. A case in point is Iran where Persian is the only official language and other languages are merely tolerated, but not promoted. The principal aim of this study is to find factors that lead Kalhuri Kurdish people to choose to speak with their children in Persian at the risk of losing their native language, a phenomenon which may happen as a result of linguistic/language suicide or because of linguicide. Therefore, a researcher-designed and validated questionnaire was administered to 384 Kalhuri Kurdish parents. The results indicated that the language policy and planning in Iran has made Kalhuri parents use Persian in interactions with their children instead of using their own vernacular, Kalhuri. The sociolinguistic implications of the study are discussed in the light of the research findings.},
	language = {en},
	journal = {Language Problems and Language Planing},
	author = {Weisi, Hiwa},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: John Benjamins},
}

@book{mccarus_kurdish_1958,
	address = {New York},
	title = {A {Kurdish} grammar: descriptive analysis of {Kurdish} of {Suleimaniya}, {Iraq}.},
	publisher = {American Council of Learned Societies.},
	author = {McCarus, Ernest N},
	year = {1958},
}

@book{thomason_language_1988,
	address = {Berkeley},
	title = {Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics},
	isbn = {978-0-520-07893-2},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Univ. of California Press},
	author = {Thomason, Sarah Grey and Kaufman, Terrence},
	year = {1988},
	note = {OCLC: 246740504},
}

@incollection{haspelmath_loanwords_2009,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Loanwords in the world’s languages: {Findings} and results},
	isbn = {978-3-11-021843-5},
	booktitle = {Loanwords in the world's languages: a comparative handbook},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Tadmor, Uri},
	editor = {Haspelmath, Martin and Tadmor, Uri},
	year = {2009},
	note = {OCLC: ocn459211832},
	keywords = {Foreign words and phrases, Language and languages},
	pages = {55--75},
}

@phdthesis{bailey_grammar_2018,
	address = {Göttingen},
	title = {A grammar of {Gawraǰū} {Gūrānī}},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},
	abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besteht aus einer detaillierten grammatischen Beschreibung des Gūrānī wie es im Dorf Gawraǰū in der Nähe der Stadt Gahvāre in der Provinz Kermānšāh, Iran, gesprochen wird. Gūrānī wird genetisch klassifiziert als eine nordwestiranische Sprache des indoiranischen Zweigs der indogermanischen Sprachfamilie.  
Gūrānī ist von besonderer historischer Bedeutung als Hofsprache des kurdischen Fürstentums Ardalān (14–19 Jahrhundert).  
Diese grammatische Beschreibung des Gawraǰū Gūrānī (‘Gawraǰūyī’) basiert auf gesprochenem Material aus einem Korpus von zwölf Texten. Die Arbeit wird hauptsächlich nach der Theorie der funktionalen-typologischen Grammatik geschrieben. Die Arbeit behandelt die Strukturen, die Wortklassen und eine Auswahl von funktionellen Systemen und den Gebrauch einzelner Strukturen. Ein Kapitel diskutiert Fragen der Informationsstruktur. Darüber hinaus werden manche Bemerkungen über sprachliche Variationen des Gūrānī gemacht.},
	school = {Universität Göttingen dissertation},
	author = {Bailey, Denise},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Accepted: 2018-10-01T14:49:19Z},
}

@incollection{krotkoff_preliminary_1997,
	address = {Winona Lake, Ind},
	title = {A {Preliminary} {List} of {Aramaic} {Loanwords} in {Kurdish}},
	isbn = {978-1-57506-020-0},
	booktitle = {Humanism, culture, and language in the {Near} {East}: studies in honor of {Georg} {Krotkoff}},
	publisher = {Eisenbrauns},
	author = {Chyet, Micheal L.},
	editor = {Krotkoff, Georg and Afsaruddin, Asma and Zahniser, A. H. Mathias},
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Arabic philology, Aramaic language},
}

@incollection{shirtz_indirect_2016,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Indirect participants as core arguments in {Middle} {Persian}},
	booktitle = {Further {Topics} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}: {Proceedings} of the 5th {International} {Conference} on {Iranian} {Linguistics}, held in {Bamberg} on 24-26 {August} 2013 ({Cahiers} de {Studia} {Iranica} 58)},
	publisher = {Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes},
	author = {Shirtz, Shahar},
	editor = {Ghomeshi, Jila and Jahani, Carina and Lenepveu-Hotz, Agnès},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {175--194},
}

@article{mohammadirad_functions_2018,
	title = {Functions of the dative: {An} {Iranian} perspective},
	volume = {71},
	issn = {1867-8319, 2196-7148},
	shorttitle = {Functions of the dative},
	doi = {10.1515/stuf-2018-0021},
	abstract = {Abstract
            In this paper, we give an account of dative functions in a number of Iranian languages from a typological perspective. To analyze the functionality of dative markers in the selected languages, we follow a semantic map approach and take Haspelmath’s map of dative functions as a typological grid to examine our data. We collected our data from descriptive grammars and, for Ossetic and Wakhi, from interviews. The data show that five additional connections should be added to the semantic map of dative functions; these connections are confirmed by data from at least three languages within the Iranian language family. The main semantic property for the dative in Iranian languages is indirect affectedness. Moreover, in some languages spatial functions of the dative are also attested. The distribution of dative functions is mainly explained by the preservation of the oblique case and the areal distribution. In addition, in some languages, a grammaticalization cycle is observed, as a result of which purportedly beneficiary markers are transforming into dative markers.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {STUF - Language Typology and Universals},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {539--575},
}

@article{mohammadirad_epclaki_2024,
	title = {External possession constructions in Laki},
    volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Linguistic discovery},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2024},
}


@article{dom_Iemmolo_fc,
	title = {Differential object marking: an overview},
	author = {Iemmolo, Giorgio},
	year = {forthcoming},
}


@article{dubois1987,
    author = {Du Bois, John},
    title = {The Discourse Basis of Ergativity},
    journal = {Language},
    volume = {63},
    number = {4},
    pages = {805--855},
    year = {1987}
}

@article{Haspelmath+2019+313+334,
title = {Differential {place} {marking} and {differential} {object} {marking}},
author = {Martin Haspelmath},
pages = {313--334},
volume = {72},
number = {3},
journal = {STUF - Language Typology and Universals},
doi = {doi:10.1515/stuf-2019-0013},
year = {2019},
}

@article{haspelmath2005argument,
  title={Argument marking in ditransitive alignment types},
  author={Haspelmath, Martin},
  journal={Linguistic Discovery},
  volume={3},
  number={1},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2005}
}

@incollection{pacchiarotti_introduction_2022,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Introduction},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-3-11-077794-9},
	abstract = {1 Introduction was published in Applicative Morphology on page 1.},
	booktitle = {Applicative {Morphology}: {Neglected} {Syntactic} and {Non}-syntactic {Functions}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Pacchiarotti, Sara and Zúñiga, Fernando},
	editor = {Pacchiarotti, Sara and Zúñiga, Fernando},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110777949-001},
	pages = {1--17},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\radma\\Zotero\\storage\\AKNTXHNR\\Pacchiarotti and Zúñiga - 2022 - 1 Introduction.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@incollection{dik_typology_1981,
	title = {On the typology of {Focus} {Phenomena}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	abstract = {On the typology of Focus Phenomena was published in Perspectives on Functional Grammar on page 41.},
	booktitle = {Perspectives on {Functional} {Grammar}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter},
	author = {Dik, Simon},
	editor = {Hokestra, Teun and Van der Holst, Harry and Moortgat, Michael},
	year = {1981},
	doi = {10.1515/9783112329603-005},
	pages = {41--74},
}

@incollection{karim_applicative_2022,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {An applicative analysis of {Soranî} “absolute prepositions”},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-3-11-077794-9},
	abstract = {An applicative analysis of Soranî “absolute prepositions” was published in Applicative Morphology on page 263.},
	booktitle = {Applicative {Morphology}: {Neglected} {Syntactic} and {Non}-syntactic {Functions}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Karim, Shuan Osman and Salehi, Ali},
	editor = {Pacchiarotti, Sara and Zuniga, Fernando},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110777949-010},
	pages = {263--298},
}

@article{lazard_mirativity_1999,
	title = {Mirativity, evidentiality, mediativity, or other?},
	volume = {3},
	doi = {10.1515/lity.1999.3.1.91},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-03-04},
	journal = {Linguistic Typology},
	author = {Lazard, Gilbert},
	year = {1999},
}

@book{nourzaei_koroshi_2015,
	address = {Uppsala},
	series = {Studia {Iranica} {Upsaliensia}},
	title = {Koroshi: a corpus-based grammatical description},
	isbn = {978-91-554-9267-0},
	shorttitle = {Koroshi},
	language = {eng},
	number = {13},
	publisher = {Uppsala Universitet},
	author = {Nourzaei, Maryam and Jahani, Carina and Anonby, Erik John and Ahangar, Abbas Ali},
	year = {2015},
}

@incollection{opengin_kurdish_2020,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Kurdish},
	copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Arabic and contact-induced change},
	publisher = {Language Science Press},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	editor = {Lucas, Christopher and Manfredi, Stefano},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.3744541},
	pages = {459--487},
}

@incollection{murre-van_den_berg_vernacularization_2020,
	title = {Vernacularization as {Governmentalization}: the {Development} of {Kurdish} in {Mandate} {Iraq}},
	isbn = {978-90-04-38269-5 978-90-04-42322-0},
	booktitle = {Arabic and its {Alternatives}: {Religious} {Minorities} and their {Languages} in the {Emerging} {Nation} {States} of the {Middle} {East} (1920-1950)},
	publisher = {BRILL},
	author = {Leezenberg, Michiel},
	editor = {Murre-van den Berg, Heleen and Sanchez Summerer, Karène and Baarda, Tijmen},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1163/9789004423220},
	pages = {50--76},
}

@article{hamid_final_2014,
	title = {Final devoicing in central {Kurdish}: an {OT} analysis},
	volume = {20},
	journal = {Newcastle and Northumbria Working Papers in Linguistics},
	author = {Hamid, Twana},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {17--27},
}

@phdthesis{hamid_prosodic_2015,
	address = {Newcastle: Newcastle University dissertation},
	title = {The prosodic phonology of central {Kurdish}},
	author = {Hamid, Twana},
	year = {2015},
}

@phdthesis{ahmed_application_2019,
	address = {Durham: Durham University dissertation},
	title = {The {Application} of {English} {Theories} to {Sorani} {Phonology}},
	author = {Ahmed, Othman, Zhwan},
	year = {2019},
}

@incollection{mccarus_kurdish_1997,
	address = {Indiana},
	title = {Kurdish {Phonology}},
	volume = {1},
	booktitle = {Phonologies of {Asia} and {Africa}: {Including} the {Caucasus}},
	publisher = {Eisenbrauns},
	author = {McCarus, Ernest N},
	editor = {Kaye, Alan S.},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {691--706},
}

@phdthesis{abdul-majeed_rashid_phonemic_1986,
	address = {Michigan: University of Michigan dissertation},
	title = {The phonemic system of modern standard {Kurdish}.},
	author = {Abdul-Majeed Rashid, Ahmad},
	year = {1986},
}

@incollection{mahmoudveysi_hawrami_2018,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Hawrāmī of western {Iran}},
	booktitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}: {An} {Areal} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Mahmoudveysi, Parvin and Bailey, Denise},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {533--568},
}

@incollection{bulut_turkic_2018,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {The {Turkic} varieties of {Iran}},
	booktitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}: {An} {Areal} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Bulut, Christiane},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {398--444},
}

@phdthesis{kahn_borrowing_1976,
	address = {Michigan: University of Michigan dissertation},
	title = {Borrowing and variation in a phonological description of {Kurdish}},
	author = {Kahn, Margaret},
	year = {1976},
}

@incollection{matras_revisiting_2019,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Revisiting {Kurdish} dialect geography: findings from the {Manchester} {Database}},
	booktitle = {Current issues in {Kurdish} linguistics},
	publisher = {University of Bamberg Press},
	author = {Matras, Yaron},
	editor = {Gündoğdu, Songül and Öpengin, Ergin and Haig, Geoffrey and Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {225--241},
}

@manuscript{leezenberg_gorani_1992,
        address = {Amsterdam},
	publisher = {Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam},
	title = {Gorani {Influence} on {Central} {Kurdish}: {Substratum} or {Prestige} {Borrowing}?},
        series = {ILLC Prepublications},
	author = {Leezenberg, Michiel},
	year = {1993},
}

@article{minorsky_guran_1943,
	title = {The {Gūrān}},
	volume = {XI},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies},
	author = {Minorsky, Vladimir},
	year = {1943},
	pages = {75--103},
}

@misc{minorsky_sanandadj_2012,
	title = {Sanandad̲j},
	url = {<http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0999>},
	urldate = {2020-12-21},
	journal = {Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition},
	author = {Minorsky, Vladimir and Clifford E., Bosworth},
	editor = {Bearman, P and Bianquis, Th and Bosworth, C.E. and van Donzel, E. and Heinrichs, W.P.},
	year = {2012},
}

@article{karimi_unaccusative_2010,
	title = {Unaccusative transitives and the {Person}-{Case} {Constraint} effects in {Kurdish}},
	volume = {120},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Lingua},
	author = {Karimi, Yadgar},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {693--716},
}

@article{erschler_possession_2009,
	title = {Possession marking in {Ossetic}: {Arguing} for {Caucasian} influences},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1613-415X, 1430-0532},
	shorttitle = {Possession marking in {Ossetic}},
	abstract = {{\textless}section class="abstract"{\textgreater}{\textless}h2 class="abstractTitle text-title my-1" id="d775e2"{\textgreater}Abstract{\textless}/h2{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}In this article, I observe that Ossetic has a system of possessive pronouns with two features untypical for Iranian languages. First, along with genitive forms of full pronouns, it has a full paradigm of possessive proclitics. Second, while having accusative enclitics, it lacks possessive enclitics. I argue that the former trait is likely to have developed under West Caucasian influence. As for the absence of possessive enclitics, it is a nearly universal areal feature in the Caucasus. To substantiate these claims, I give an overview of possession marking in Iranian languages and in languages of the Caucasus and compare it to the Ossetic system. I suggest a possible scenario for the grammaticalization of possessive proclitics.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}/section{\textgreater}},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Linguistic Typology},
	author = {Erschler, David},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
Section: Linguistic Typology},
	pages = {417--450},
}

@article{korn_isoglosses_2019,
	title = {Isoglosses and subdivisions of {Iranian}},
	volume = {9},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Historical Linguistics},
	author = {Korn, Agnes},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {239--281},
}

@incollection{paul_position_1998,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {The position of {Zazaki} among {West} {Iranian} languages},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {European} {Conference} of {Iranian} {Studies}. {Part} 1: {Old} and {Middle} {Iranian} studies},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Paul, Ludwig},
	editor = {Sims-Williams, Nicholas},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {163--177},
}

@incollection{scheucher_ergativity_2019,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {Trends in {Linguistics}. {Studies} and {Monographs} [{TiLSM}], 328},
	title = {Ergativity in {New} {West} {Iranian}},
	booktitle = {Essays on {Typology} of {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Scheucher, Bernard},
	editor = {Korangy, Alireza and Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Behrooz},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {5--25},
}

@article{lazard_dialecte_1992,
	title = {Le dialecte laki d'{Aleshtar} (kurde méridional},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Studia Iranica},
	author = {Lazard, Gilbert},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {215--245},
}

@incollection{haig_pronoun--agreement_2020,
	address = {New York},
	series = {Current {Issues} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	title = {The pronoun-to-agreement cycle in {Iranian}: subjects do, objects don’t},
	booktitle = {Selected {Current} {Studies} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Larson, Richard and Moradi, Sophie and Samiian, Vida},
	year = {2020},
}

@incollection{jugel_topic_2020,
	address = {New York},
	series = {Current {Issues} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	title = {Topic agreement, experiencer constructions, and the wight of clitics},
	booktitle = {Selected {Current} {Studies} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas and Samvelian, Pollet},
	editor = {Larson, Richard and Moradi, Sophie and Samiian, Vida},
	year = {2020},
}

@incollection{karimi_object_2003,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Explaining linguistics},
	title = {On object positions, specificity, and scrambling in {Persian}},
	number = {4},
	booktitle = {Word {Order} and {Scrambling}},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
	author = {Karimi, Simin},
	editor = {Karimi, Simin},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {91--124},
}

@book{karimi_word_2003,
	address = {Malden, Mass},
	series = {Explaining linguistics},
	title = {Word order and scrambling},
	isbn = {978-0-631-23327-5 978-0-631-23328-2},
	number = {4},
	publisher = {Blackwell Pub},
	editor = {Karimi, Simin},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Grammar, Comparative and general, Language acquisition, Psycholinguistics, Word order},
}

@book{sedighi_agreement_2010,
	address = {Leiden},
	title = {Agreement restrictions in {Persian}},
	publisher = {Leiden University Press},
	author = {Sedighi, Anousha},
	year = {2010},
}

@book{lazard_grammaire_1957,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Grammaire du persan contemporain},
	publisher = {Klincksieck},
	author = {Lazard, Gilbert},
	year = {1957},
}

@book{windfuhr_persian_1979,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Persian grammar: {History} and state of its study},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1979},
}

@book{karimi_minimalist_2005,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {A {Minimalist} approach to scrambling: {Evidence} from {Persian}},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Karimi, Simin},
	year = {2005},
}

@article{dabir-moghaddam_compound_1997,
	title = {Compound verbs in {Persian}},
	number = {27},
	journal = {Studies in the Linguistic Sciences},
	author = {Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {25--59},
}

@phdthesis{kazeminejad_pronominal_2014,
	title = {Pronominal {Complex} {Predicates} in {Colloquial} {Persian}},
	author = {Kazeminejad, Ghazaleh},
	year = {2014},
}

@phdthesis{barjasteh_morphology_1983,
	address = {University of Illinois. (Doctoral dissertation)},
	title = {Morphology, syntax and {Semantics} of {Persian} {Compound} {Verbs}: {A} {Lexical} {Approach}},
	author = {Barjasteh, Darab},
	year = {1983},
}

@book{siewierska_person_2004,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Person},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Siewierska, Anna},
	year = {2004},
}

@article{siewierska_anaphoric_1999,
	title = {From anaphoric pronoun to grammatical agreement marker: {Why} objects donʼt make it},
	volume = {33},
	journal = {Folia Linguistica},
	author = {Siewierska, Anna},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {225--251},
}

@incollection{anonby_kordestan_2019,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Kordestan {Province} in the {Atlas} of the {Languages} of {Iran}: {Research} process, language distribution, and language classification},
	booktitle = {Current issuesin {Kurdish} linguistics},
	publisher = {Bamberg University Press},
	author = {Anonby, Erik and Mohammadirad, Masoud and Sheyholislami, Jaffer},
	editor = {Gündoğdu, Songül and Öpengin, Ergin and Haig, Geoffrey and Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {9--38},
}

@incollection{opengin_accounting_2019,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Accounting for clitic and affix combinations in {Central} {Kurdish}},
	booktitle = {Current issuesin {Kurdish} linguistics},
	publisher = {Bamberg University Press},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	editor = {Gündoğdu, Songül and Öpengin, Ergin and Haig, Geoffrey and Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2019},
}

@misc{gholami_zoroastrians_2016,
	address = {www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zoroastrians-in-iran-06},
	edition = {online edition},
	title = {Zoroastrians of {Iran}: {Linguistic} documentation},
	urldate = {2020-02-18},
	journal = {Encyclopedia Iranica},
	author = {Gholami, Saloumeh},
	year = {2016},
}

@article{mohammadirad_procliticization_nodate,
	title = {Procliticization as a residual of second positioning: the case of {Western} {Iranian} languages},
	journal = {Folia Linguistica Historica},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud and Samvelian, Pollet},
}

@incollection{haig_debonding_2019,
	address = {Bamberg},
	title = {Debonding of inflectional morphology in {Kurdish} and beyond},
	booktitle = {Current issuesin {Kurdish} linguistics},
	publisher = {Bamberg University Press},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Gündoğdu, Songül and Öpengin, Ergin and Haig, Geoffrey and Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {117--144},
}

@phdthesis{belelli_study_2016,
	address = {University of Naples. (Doctoral dissertation.)},
	title = {A study of language and foklore in the city of {Harsin} ({Kermānshāh} province, west {Iran})},
	author = {Belelli, Sara},
	year = {2016},
}

@incollection{flier_have_1974,
	address = {The Hague},
	title = {On ‘have’ and ‘be’ languages},
	isbn = {978-90-279-2713-2},
	abstract = {Book by Flier, Michael},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {Slavic {Forum}: {Essays} in {Linguistics} and {Literature}},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Isačenko, Alexandr V.},
	editor = {Flier, Michael S.},
	year = {1974},
	pages = {43--77},
}

@book{lambton_persian_1960,
	address = {Cambridge},
	edition = {Reprinted with corrections. Students' ed.},
	title = {Persian grammar},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Lambton, Ann Katherine Swynford},
	year = {1960},
}

@book{stolz_split_2008,
	address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia},
	title = {Split {Possession}: {An} areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of {Europe}},
	isbn = {978-90-272-0568-1},
	shorttitle = {Split {Possession}},
	abstract = {This book is a functional-typological study of possession splits in European languages. It shows that genetically and structurally diverse languages such as Icelandic, Welsh, and Maltese display possessive systems which are sensitive to semantically based distinctions reminiscent of the alienability correlation. These distinctions are grammatically relevant in many European languages because they require dedicated constructions. What makes these split possessive systems interesting for the linguist is the interaction of semantic criteria with pragmatics and syntax. Neutralisation of distinctions occurs under focus. The same happens if one of the constituents of a possessive construction is syntactically heavy. These effects can be observed in the majority of the 50 sample languages. Possessive splits are strong in those languages which are outside the Standard Average European group. The bulk of the European languages do not behave much differently from those non-European languages for which possession splits are reported. The book reveals interesting new facts about European languages and possession to typologists, universals researchers, and areal linguists.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Stolz, Thomas and Kettler, Sonja and Stroh, Cornelia and Urdze, Aina},
	year = {2008},
}

@incollection{davari_grammaticalization_2017,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {The grammaticalization of progressive aspect in {Persian}},
	volume = {311},
	isbn = {978-3-11-051938-9},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the development of the Persian lexical verb dâštan ‘have’, which has grammaticalized into an auxiliary verb functioning primarily as a progressive aspect marker in durative situations, and which is currently developing into a prospective marker with achievement verbs. Possessive progressives are a cross-linguistic rarity and deserve attention. We suggest that the progressive function arose through context-induced reinterpretation based on metonymic relations. The resulting reinterpretation of dâštan ‘have’ to ‘ongoingness of a durative event’ represents a conceptual shift, in the form of metaphoric extension, from possessing a physical object to possessing the continuum of an action in a focal point of utterance. We will also illustrate that the progressive’s focus on subjective notions leads to its development as an expression of the speaker’s attitude that does not describe properties of a situation in the extralinguistic world but rather in the subjective conceptualization of the speaker. The auxiliation process of dâštan ‘have’ in Persian will be analyzed based on the Auxiliation Dimensions Model proposed by Davari and Naghzguy-Kohan (forthcoming), which focuses on the force, the source and the degree of auxiliation. We also point out that these changes are in tune with the overall directionality of semantic change in grammaticalization according to Narrog (2012), namely, increase in speaker-orientation.},
	booktitle = {The {Grammaticalization} of {Tense}, {Aspect}, {Modality} and {EvidentialityA} {Functional} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Davari, Shadi and Naghzguy-Kohan, Mehrdad},
	editor = {Hengeveld, Kees and Narrog, Heiko and Olbertz, Hella},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {163--189},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_dialectology_2009,
	address = {London},
	title = {Dialectology and topics},
	booktitle = {The {Iranian} languages},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	editor = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {5--42},
}

@book{kuteva_world_2019,
	address = {Cambridge},
	edition = {2 edition},
	title = {World {Lexicon} of {Grammaticalization}},
	abstract = {Cambridge Core - Historical Linguistics - World Lexicon of Grammaticalization -  by Tania Kuteva},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Kuteva, Tania and Heine, Bernd and Hong, Bo and Long, Haiping and Narrog, Heiko and Rhee, Seongha},
	year = {2019},
}

@book{mackenzie_iranica_1999,
	address = {Roma},
	series = {Serie orientale {Roma} ;vol. 84},
	title = {Iranica diversa},
	publisher = {Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	editor = {Cereti, Carlo G. and Ludwig, Paul},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {Iranian languages.},
}

@incollection{toupin_influence_2015,
	address = {Newcastle},
	title = {The influence of the grammatical system and analogy in processes of language change: the case of the auxiliation of {HAVE}-to once again},
	isbn = {978-1-4438-7542-4},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {Studies in {Linguistic} {Variation} and {Change}: from {Old} to {Middle} {English}},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishers},
	author = {Fischer, Olga},
	editor = {Toupin, Fabienne and Lowrey, Brian},
	year = {2015},
	note = {OCLC: 905381115},
	pages = {120--150},
}

@article{korn_partial_2016,
	title = {A partial tree of {Central} {Iranian}},
	volume = {121},
	issn = {0019-7262},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/indo.2016.121.issue-1/if-2016-0021/if-2016-0021.xml},
	doi = {10.1515/if-2016-0021},
	abstract = {Relations within the Iranian branch of Indo-European have traditionally been modelled by a tree that is essentially composed of binary splits into sub- and sub-subbranches. The first part of this article will argue against this tree and show that it is rendered outdated by new data that have come to light from contemporary and ancient languages. The tree was also methodologically problematic from the outset, both for reasons of the isoglosses on which it is based, and for not taking into account distinctions such as shared innovations vs. shared archaisms. The second part of the paper will present an attempt at an alternative tree for Iranian by proposing a subbranch which I will call “Central Iranian”. Such a branch seems to be suggested by a set of non-trivial morphological innovations shared by Bactrian, Parthian and some neighbouring languages. The reconstruction of the nominal system of Central Iranian which will then be proposed aims to show the result one arrives at when trying to reconstruct a subbranch as strictly bottom-up as possible, i. e. using only the data from the languages under study, and avoiding profitting from Old Iranian data and from our knowledge about the proto-languages.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-01-20},
	journal = {Indogermanische Forschungen},
	author = {Korn, Agnes},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Bactrian, Iranian languages, Parthian, Persian, Sogdian, Sorani, family tree, reconstruction},
	pages = {401--434},
}

@book{bedir_khan_grammaire_1970,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Grammaire kurde (dialecte kurmandji)},
	language = {fre},
	publisher = {Adrien Maisonneuve},
	author = {Bedir Khan, Djeladet and Lescot, Roger},
	year = {1970},
}

@book{mazzitelli_expression_2015,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {The {Expression} of {Predicative} {Possession}, {A} {Comparative} {Study} of {Belarusian} and {Lithuanian}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-041235-2},
	abstract = {This book discusses the constructions used in Belarusian and Lithuanian to express predicative Possession. The work is written within a typological frame: the Belarusian and Lithuanian constructions are analyzed in the light of the typology of the possessive predicative constructions proposed by Heine (1997).},
	language = {ENGL},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Mazzitelli, Lidia Federica},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Linguistic Typology: Belarusian, Lithuanian, Predicate Possession},
}

@book{schmitt_altpersischen_2009,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Die {Altpersischen} {Inschriften} der {Achaimeniden}: {Editio} minor mit deutscher {Ubersetzung}},
	isbn = {978-3-89500-685-2},
	shorttitle = {Die {Altpersischen} {Inschriften} der {Achaimeniden}},
	abstract = {This volume contains a complete edition and German translation of the Old Persian texts of the mostly trilingual cuneiform inscriptions of the Persian kings from the Achaemenid dynasty. Only the minor corpora of vase inscriptions and those on seals and weights are not included due to their narrow historical meaning. The edition presents the transliterated and the transcribed texts in two adjacent, with succinct annotations and the translation beneath. The book starts with a list of all the Achaemenid cuneiform inscriptions (also those written not in Old Persian script and language), that describes the texts in outline and includes the literature relevant for constituting and translating the texts in question. German text.},
	language = {German},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Schmitt, Rüdiger},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{eilers_mundart_1988,
	address = {Stuttgart},
	series = {Westiranische {Mundarten} aus der {Sammlung} {Wilhelm} {Eilers}},
	title = {Die {Mundart} von {Sīvänd}},
	isbn = {978-3-515-04321-2},
	number = {3},
	publisher = {F.Steiner Verl. Wiesbaden},
	editor = {Eilers, Wilhelm},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ill. 25 cm. Contient des textes translittérés du dialecte de la région de Sivand suivis de leur trad. allemande. Glossaire.},
	keywords = {Sivandi (langue)},
}

@book{langacker_concept_2002,
	address = {Berlin},
	edition = {2nd ed. with a new preface. Reprint 2010},
	title = {Concept, {Image}, and {Symbol}, {The} {Cognitive} {Basis} of {Grammar}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-085773-3},
	abstract = {This classic research monograph develops and illustrates the theory of linguistic structure known as Cognitive Grammar, and applies it to representative phenomena in English and other languages. Cognitive grammar views language as an integral facet of cognition and claims that grammatical structure cannot be understood or revealingly described independently of semantic considerations.},
	language = {ENGL},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Langacker, Ronald W.},
	year = {2002},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110857733},
	keywords = {Cognitive Linguistics},
}

@article{keenan_noun_1977,
	title = {Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
	author = {Keenan, Edward L. and Comrie, Bernard},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {63--99},
}

@incollection{lee_clitic-pronoun_2004,
	address = {Camberra},
	title = {Clitic-pronoun clusters in {Central} {Philippine}},
	volume = {1},
	booktitle = {Papers from the 14th annual meeting of the {Southeast} {Asian} {Linguistics} {Society}},
	publisher = {Pacific Linguistics},
	author = {Lee, Celeste and Billings, Loren A.},
	editor = {Khanittanan, Wiaiwan and Sidwell, Paul},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {193--203},
}

@book{gerlach_clitics_2002,
	address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia},
	title = {Clitics between {Syntax} and {Lexicon}},
	isbn = {978-1-58811-245-3},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Gerlach, Birgit},
	year = {2002},
}

@incollection{kaufman_grammar_2010,
	address = {Manila},
	title = {The grammar of clitics in {Maranao}},
	booktitle = {Piakandatu ami dr. {Howard} p. {Makaughan}},
	publisher = {Linguistic society of Philippines \& SIL},
	author = {Kaufman, Daniel},
	editor = {Billings, Loren A. and Goudswaard, Nellke},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {132--157},
}

@incollection{woolford_clitics_2003,
	address = {Amherst},
	title = {Clitics and agreement in competition: {Ergative} cross-referencing patterns.},
	booktitle = {Papers in optimality theory {II}. {UMOP} 26},
	publisher = {MA: GLSA},
	author = {Woolford, Ellen},
	editor = {Carpenter, Angela and Coetzee, Andries and de Lacy, Paul},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {421--449},
}

@incollection{steele_clisis_1977,
	address = {Texas},
	title = {Clisis and diachrony},
	booktitle = {Mechanisms of syntactic change},
	publisher = {University of Texas Press},
	author = {Steele, Susan},
	editor = {N. Li, Charles},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {539--579},
}

@article{bubenik_wackernagels_1994,
	title = {On {Wackernagel}’s {Law} in the {History} of {Persian}},
	volume = {99},
	journal = {Indogermanishe Forschungen},
	author = {Bubenik, Vit},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {105--122},
}

@incollection{jugel_enclitic_2017,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Enclitic pronouns in middle {Persian} and the placeholder construction},
	booktitle = {Quaterly {Journal} of {Language} and  {Inscription}: {Dedicated} to {Professor} {Mansour} {Shaki}.},
	publisher = {Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopeadia},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	editor = {Jaafari Dehaghi, Mahmoud},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {41--63},
}

@incollection{skiaervo_middle_2009,
	address = {London \& New York},
	title = {Middle {West} {Iranian}},
	booktitle = {Iranian languages},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Skiærvø, Prods O.},
	editor = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {195--278},
}

@incollection{jahani_balochi_2009,
	title = {Balochi},
	url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112279},
	abstract = {DiVA portal is a finding tool for research publications and student theses written at the following 47 universities and research institutions.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
	booktitle = {Iranian languages},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Jahani, Carina and Korn, Agnes},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {634--692},
}

@book{west_old_2011,
	address = {Berlin, Boston},
	title = {Old {Avestan} {Syntax} and {Stylistics}, {With} an edition of the texts},
	isbn = {978-3-11-025308-5},
	abstract = {This is the first modern comprehensive account of the syntax of Old Avestan, the earliest known form of Iranian language, attested in the Gathas of Zarathushtra and the Liturgy in Seven Chapters. It is based on the most up-to-date understanding of the texts, while following traditional principles of grammatical analysis. There are also substantial sections on word order, stylistics, and figures of speech. Translations are provided for almost all passages quoted. The work will be welcomed by Iranianists as well as by historical linguists with wider Indo-European interests.},
	language = {ENGL},
	publisher = {De Gruyter},
	author = {West, Martin},
	year = {2011},
	doi = {10.1515/9783110253092},
	keywords = {Indo-European Languages, Iranian Language, Old Avestan, Zarathushtra},
}

@article{kojima_development_2019,
	title = {The development of person agreement and the cliticization of personal pronouns in {Batsbi}},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {1867-8319},
	abstract = {Most Nakh-Daghestanian languages have gender (or noun class) agreement in the verb, but do not have person agreement. This is the case with Chechen and Ingush, which are genetically the closest to Batsbi. Batsbi, by contrast, has developed person agreement with the subject in the verb along with gender agreement. This is assumed to be due to the strong influence of Georgian, which has long been the second language of Batsbi speakers. In Georgian, the verb shows person agreement with the subject as well as with the direct or indirect object. Present-day Batsbi, presumably inspired by the polypersonal agreement of Georgian, further develops the cliticization of non-subject personal pronouns. To put it simply, it seems as though Batsbi attempts to express what a Georgian verb may encode in a single, finite form by means of a verb and a personal pronoun that is cliticized to it.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {STUF - Language Typology and Universals},
	author = {Kojima, Yasuhiro},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {agreement, cliticization, person, personal pronoun},
	pages = {275--296},
}

@article{menn_repeated_1984,
	title = {The {Repeated} {Morph} {Constraint}: {Toward} an {Explanation}},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	shorttitle = {The {Repeated} {Morph} {Constraint}},
	abstract = {Many languages use haplology, suppletion, and the blocking of derivations to achieve avoidance of 'accidental' repetition of surface morphs. At the same time, many languages permit accidental repetition and even encourage 'deliberate' repetition through reduplication. Strong universal constraints against morph repetition therefore fail. This furthermore implies the inadequacy of accounts of morphological processes in terms of matching templates or schemas. We present a psycholinguistic processing model built on evidence from language acquisition, and drawing on activation theory, which affords a unification of the linguistic data while allowing for their variety.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Menn, Lise and MacWhinney, Brian},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {519--541},
}

@incollection{chappell_prolegomena_1996,
	address = {Berlin ; New York},
	edition = {Reprint 2011 ed. edition},
	title = {Prolegomena to a theory of inalienability},
	isbn = {978-3-11-012804-8},
	abstract = {The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {The {Grammar} of {Inalienability}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Chappell, Hilary and McGregor, William},
	editor = {Chappell, Hilary and McGregor, William},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {3--30},
}

@phdthesis{paul_comparitive_2011,
	address = {PhD dissertation. University of Manchester},
	title = {A comparitive dialectal description of {Iranian} {Taleshi}},
	author = {Paul, Daniel},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{stilo_caspian_2018,
	address = {Berlin, Boston},
	title = {The {Caspian} region and south {Azerbaijan}: {Caspian} and {Tatic}},
	volume = {6},
	isbn = {978-3-11-042168-2},
	shorttitle = {5. {The} {Caspian} region and south {Azerbaijan}},
	booktitle = {The {Languages} and {Linguistics} of {Western} {Asia}: {An} {Areal} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Stilo, Donald L.},
	editor = {Haig, Geoffrey and Khan, Geoffrey},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {659--824},
}

@book{cheung_etymological_2006,
	address = {Leiden},
	series = {Leiden {Indo}-{European} {Etymological} {Dictionary} {Series}},
	title = {Etymological {Dictionary} of the {Iranian} {Verb}},
	volume = {2},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Brill},
	author = {Cheung, Johnny},
	year = {2006},
}

@phdthesis{vafaeian_progressives_2018,
	title = {Progressives in use and contact : {A} descriptive, areal and typological study with special focus on selected {Iranian} languages},
	shorttitle = {Progressives in use and contact},
	abstract = {Progressives are grammatical patterns primarily used to refer to events that are ongoing at a specific time. This thesis investigates uses of such patterns in a number of languages as well as the i ...},
	language = {eng},
	school = {PhD dissertation. Stockholm University},
	author = {Vafaeian, Ghazaleh},
	year = {2018},
}

@book{rastorgueva_gilaki_2012,
	title = {The {Gilaki} {Language}. {English} translation editing and expanded content by {Ronald} {M}. {Lockwood}},
	abstract = {This is a translation of the original book entitled: Giljanskij Jazyk. It includes an additional appendix containing an interlinearized version of the Gilaki texts. English translation editing and  ...},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
	author = {Rastorgueva, V. S. and Kerimova, A. A. and Mamedzade, A. K. and Pireiko, L. A. and Edel’man, D. I.},
	year = {2012},
}

@book{givon_syntax:_1984,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {Syntax: a functional-typological introduction. {Vol}. 1.},
	isbn = {978-90-272-3013-3 978-90-272-3012-6 978-0-915027-07-1 978-0-915027-08-8},
	shorttitle = {Syntax},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Givón, Talmy},
	year = {1984},
	note = {OCLC: 832327589},
}

@incollection{paul_remarks_2008,
	address = {Newcastle},
	title = {Some remarks on {Persian} suffix –râ as a general and historical issue},
	booktitle = {Aspects of {Iranian} linguistics},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	author = {Paul, Ludwig},
	editor = {Karimi, Simin and Samiian, Vida and Stilo, Donald},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {329--337},
}

@incollection{sims-williams_eastern_1996,
	title = {Eastern {Iranian} languages},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia {Iranica}. {VII} (6)},
	author = {Sims-Williams, Nicholas},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {649--652},
}

@book{paul_zazaki._1998,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Zazaki. {Grammatik} und {Versuch} einer {Dialektologie}},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Paul, Ludwig},
	year = {1998},
}

@book{skiaervo_introduction_2003,
	title = {An introduction to {Young} {Avestan}},
	url = {http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Avesta/index.html},
	urldate = {2019-07-29},
	author = {Skiærvø, Prods O.},
	year = {2003},
}

@book{axenov_balochi_2006,
	address = {Upsala Universitet},
	title = {The {Balochi} language of {Turkmenistan}, a corpus-based grammatical description},
	publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
	author = {Axenov, Serge},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{benveniste_etre_1960,
	title = {'{Etre}' et 'avoir' dans leur fonctions linguistiques.},
	volume = {55},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris},
	author = {Benveniste, Emile},
	year = {1960},
	note = {Reprinted in Problèmes de linguistique générale. Paris: Gallimard, 1966.},
	pages = {113--134},
}

@book{langacker_investigations_2009,
	address = {Berlin},
	edition = {1 edition},
	title = {Investigations in {Cognitive} {Grammar}},
	isbn = {978-3-11-021435-2},
	abstract = {This volume makes accessible a substantial range of recent research in Cognitive Grammar. Building from fundamentals, it brings fresh insight to the analysis of varied grammatical phenomena. Topics considered in depth include constructions, grounding, clause structure, and complex sentences. The book is of interest to anyone concerned with the conceptual basis of meaning and linguistic structure. Key features comprehensive collection of studies in Cognitive Grammar suitable for students of general linguistics the author is one of the founding fathers of the cognitive linguistics movement},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Langacker, Ronald W.},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{taylor_linguistic_1989,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Linguistic {Categorization}: {Prototypes} in {Linguistic} {Theory}},
	shorttitle = {Linguistic {Categorization}},
	abstract = {This book explores the far-reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch's seminal work on categorization and prototype theory, extending the application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to morphology, syntax, and phonology. Providing a clear and readable introduction to the field of cognitive linguistics, this acclaimed book has now been updated with a new chapter.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	author = {Taylor, John R.},
	year = {1989},
}

@article{mazzitelli_predicative_2017,
	title = {Predicative possession in the languages of the {Circum}-{Baltic} area},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {0165-4004},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/flin.2017.51.issue-1/flin-2017-0001/flin-2017-0001.xml},
	abstract = {This paper deals with the linguistic means used to express predicative possession in the languages of the Circum-Baltic area. The domain of possession is considered here as a prototypically organized domain, where the prototype is the notion of ownership. It is shown that most languages of the area do not provide evidence of splits in their possession systems: rather, they extend the scope of use of their ownership constructions to include all other non-prototypical possessive notions. The linguistic expression of notions that belong to domains neighboring possession, namely experience, location and attribution, is also analyzed. The results show that these notions are rarely coded by means of possessive constructions: exceptions are explained by invoking semantic causes as well as language contact. A comparison of the functions fulfilled by “have”-verbs in the Indo-European languages of the area and by adessive constructions in the Finnic languages is provided, too, and their different scopes of use are explained with reference to their diachronic development and to processes of areal convergence.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Folia Linguistica},
	author = {Mazzitelli, Lidia Federica},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {areal linguistics, language contact, predicative possession, prototype theory, semantic domains},
	pages = {1--60},
}

@article{locker_etre_1954,
	title = {Etre et avoir {Leurs} expressions dans les langues},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0257-9774},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40450912},
	number = {3/4},
	urldate = {2019-07-27},
	journal = {Anthropos},
	author = {Locker, Ernst},
	year = {1954},
	pages = {481--510},
}

@incollection{aikhenvald_possession_2013,
	address = {Oxford},
	edition = {Reprint edition},
	title = {Possession and ownership: a cross-linguistic perspective},
	isbn = {978-0-19-872300-4},
	abstract = {Possession and Ownership brings together linguists and anthropologists in a series of cross-linguistic explorations of expressions used to denote possession and ownership, concepts central to most if not all the varied cultures and ideologies of humankind. Possessive noun phrases can be broadly divided into three categories - ownership of property, whole-part relations (such as body and plant parts), and blood and affinal kinship relations. As Professor Aikhenvald shows in her extensive opening essay, the same possessive noun or pronoun phrase is used in English and in many other Indo-European languages to express possession of all three kinds - as in 'Ann and her husband Henry live in the castle Henry's father built with his own hands' - but that this is by no means the case in all languages. In some, for example, the grammar expresses the inalienability of consanguineal kinship and sometimes also of treasured or sacred objects. Furthermore the degree to which possession and ownership are conceived as the same (when possession is 100\% of the law) differs from one society to another, and this may be reflected in their linguistic expression. Like others in the series this pioneering book will be welcomed equally by linguists and anthropologists.},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {Possession and {Ownership}: {A} {Cross}-{Linguistic} {Typology}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.},
	editor = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and Dixon, R.M.W},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1--64},
}

@book{heine_possession:_1997,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Possession: cognitive sources, forces, and grammaticalization},
	isbn = {978-0-521-02413-6},
	abstract = {Bernd Heine argues that the structure of grammatical categories is predictable to a large extent once we know the range of possible cognitive structures from which they are derived. The author uses as his example the structure of predicative possession, and shows how most of the possessive constructions to be found in the world's languages can be traced back to a small set of basic conceptual patterns. Using grammaticalization theory Heine describes how each affects the word order and morphosyntax of the resulting possessive construction.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Heine, Bernd},
	year = {1997},
}

@book{harris_historical_1995,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Historical syntax in cross-linguistic perspective},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Harris, Alice and Campbell, Lyle},
	year = {1995},
}

@incollection{langacker_syntactic_1977,
	address = {Texas},
	title = {Syntactic reanalysis},
	booktitle = {Mechanisms of syntactic change},
	publisher = {University of Texas},
	author = {Langacker, Ronald},
	editor = {N. Li, Charles},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {57--139},
}

@book{miller_clitics_1992,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Clitics and constituents in phrase structure grammar},
	publisher = {Garland Publications},
	author = {Miller, Philip},
	year = {1992},
}

@book{norde_degrammaticalization_2009,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Degrammaticalization},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Norde, Muriel},
	year = {2009},
}

@incollection{jahani_complex_2015,
	address = {Piliscsaba},
	title = {Complex predicates and the issue of transitivity: {The} case of {Southern} {Balochi}},
	booktitle = {From {Aṣl} to {Zā}’id: {Essays} in honour Éva {M}. {Jeremiás}},
	publisher = {The Avicenna Institute of Middle Eastern Studies},
	author = {Jahani, Carina},
	editor = {Szantó, Iván},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {79--105},
}

@incollection{lazard_deux_1984,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Deux questions de linguistique iranienne: {La} construction passive du parfait transitif. {La} versification du moyen-iranien occidental.},
	booktitle = {E. {Benveniste} aujourd’hui. {Actes} du {Colloque} international du {C}.{N}.{R}.{S}, {Université} {François} {Rabelais}, {Tours}},
	publisher = {Peeters},
	author = {Lazard, Gilbert},
	editor = {Taillardat, Jean and Lazard, Gilbert and Serbat, Guy},
	year = {1984},
}

@book{stilo_vafsi_nodate,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Vafsi folk tales. {Transcribed}, translated and annotated by {Donald} {L}. {Stilo}. {Supplied} with folklorist notes and edited by {Ulrich} {Marzolph}},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
}

@article{zwicky_clitics_1985,
	title = {Clitics and {Particles}},
	volume = {61},
	abstract = {Typological and theoretical speculations about clitics require that the CLITIC be adequately distinguished from the INFLECTIONAL AFFIX on the one hand and from the INDEPENDENT WORD on the other. The first of these tasks has been attended to, but the second has been slighted, with the result that many items labeled 'particles' have been treated as clitics. After some remarks on the nature of 'tests' in linguistics, a series of tests is provided here for distinguishing clitics from independent words. On the basis of these, it is concluded that most of the 'particles' in the literature are simply words; from this conclusion, it is argued that treating words with idiosyncratic distributions as acategorial 'particles' is wrong. We then consider the relevance of various cases of 'particles'-in German, Chrau, Hidatsa, and Welsh-to theoretical proposals about special clitics. These examples include some items that are independent words, some that are inflectional affixes, and others that are independent words with simple clitic variants. Finally, a class of DISCOURSE MARKERS is delineated: a grammatical category of items which are often classified as 'particles' but which turn out, again, to be independent words rather than clitics of any sort.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Zwicky, Arnold M.},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {283--305},
}

@article{cysouw_very_2011,
	title = {Very arypical agreement indeed},
	volume = {73},
	number = {3-4},
	journal = {Theoretical linguistics},
	author = {Cysouw, Michael},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {153--160},
}

@article{haig_agreement_2018,
	title = {Agreement in grammar and discourse: {A} research overview. (special issue: person and gendor in discourse: an emoirical crosslinguistic perspective)},
	volume = {56},
	abstract = {Agreement is among the most widely-researched issues in theoretical linguistics. In this introduction, we critically review some of the key issues, focussing on typological approaches to agreement, the role of agreement in establishing and maintaining reference, and the emergence of agreement diachronically. We point to the interplay of semantic, pragmatic and syntactic factors in shaping the way agreement systems function, and emphasize the need for more usage-based research in understanding the impact of extra-syntactic factors. We also argue for greater attention to lesser-researched languages, particularly those where features other than person are central in agreement relations. Finally, we offer a short synopsis of the contributions to this issue.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Forker, Diana},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {agreement, gender, grammaticalization, indexing, person, referentiality},
	pages = {715--734},
}

@book{Visser2022,
author = {Visser, Eline},
title = {A grammar of {Kalamang}},
year = {2022},
series = {Comprehensive Grammar Library},
number = {4},
address = {Berlin},
publisher = {Language Science Press},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6499927}
}

@article{Mohammadiradergativecase,
  title={Ergative case marking in {H}ewramî: A corpus study},
  author={Mohammadirad, Masoud},
  journal={},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  year={2026},
  doi={}
}

@article{MohammadiradinreviewAindx,
  title={Subject agreement emerges from topic continuity, not topic shift. {C}orpus-based evidence from {H}ewramî, a {W}est {I}ranian language},
  author={Mohammadirad, Masoud and Haig, Geoffrey},
  journal={Word Structure},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  year={2026},
  note={Forthcoming},
  doi={}
}

@unpublished{Mohammadirad2024Berlin,
title = {{Ergavtive case marking in Hewramî: a corpus study}, Paper presented at \textit{Workshop on ergativity and information structure}, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 21st to 22nd November 2024},
author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
year = {2024},
month = {11},
day = {21-22}
}

@article{mcgregor2006focal,
  title = {Focal and optional ergative marking in Warrwa (Kimberley, Western Australia)},
  author = {McGregor, William},
  journal = {Lingua},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {393--423},
  year = {2006}
}

@article{MohammadiradOindx,
  title={Object indexing in Hewramî: A corpus study},
  author={Mohammadirad, Masoud},
  journal={},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  year={in prep},
  doi={}
}

@article{MohammadiradAflagging,
  title={Ergative case marking in {H}ewramî: A corpus study},
  author={Mohammadirad, Masoud},
  journal={},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  year={2026},
  doi={}
}

@misc{mohammadirad_2025_15419952,
  author       = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
  title        = {A corpus of {H}ewramî recordings, time-aligned with
                   transcription and translation
                  },
  month        = may,
  year         = 2025,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = 1,
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.15419952}
}

@book{mohammadirad_folktale_inprep,
    address = {},
	title = {{Hewram\^i} {folktales}},
	author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
	year = {2026},
}

@article{MohammadiradinreviewOindx,
  title={Object indexing in {H}ewramî: A corpus study},
  author={Mohammadirad, Masoud},
  journal={},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  year={2026},
}

@incollection{nichols2019,
  author    = {Johanna Nichols},
  title     = {Why is gender so complex? Some typological considerations},
  booktitle = {Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity},
  volume    = {1},
  editor    = {Francesca Di Garbo and Bruno Olsson and Bernhard Wälchli},
  pages     = {63--92},
  publisher = {Language Science Press},
  address   = {Berlin},
  year      = {2019}
}

@incollection{haig2020pronoun,
  author    = {Haig, Geoffrey},
  title     = {The pronoun-to-agreement cycle in Iranian: Subjects do, objects don’t},
  booktitle = {Advances in Iranian Linguistics},
  editor    = {Richard K. Larson and Sedigheh Moradi and Vida Samiian},
  series    = {Current Issues in Linguistic Theory},
  volume    = {351},
  year      = {2020},
  pages     = {85--106},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia}
}

@inproceedings{LambrechtPolinsky1997,
  author    = {Lambrecht, Knud and Polinsky, Maria},
  title     = {Typological Variation in Sentence Focus Constructions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society},
  editor    = {Singer, Kora and Eggert, Randall and Anderson, Gregory},
  year      = {1997},
  pages     = {189--206},
  address   = {Chicago, Illinois},
  publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}
}

@incollection{bybee2001,
  author    = {Bybee, Joan},
  title     = {Main clauses are innovative, subordinate clauses are conservative: consequences for the nature of constructions},
  booktitle = {Complex sentences in grammar and discourse: Essays in honor of {S}andra {A}. {T}hompson},
  editor    = {Bybee, Joan and Noonan, Michael},
  pages     = {1--17},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  year      = {2001},
}

@article{dryer2014competing,
  author = {Matthew S. Dryer},
  title = {Competing methods for uncovering linguistic diversity: The case of definite and indefinite articles (Commentary on Davis, Gillon, and Matthewson)},
  journal = {Language},
  volume = {90},
  number = {4},
  pages = {e232--e249},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {Project MUSE},
  doi = {10.1353/lan.2014.0070},
}


@article{Forker2016,
  author    = {Diana Forker},
  title     = {Toward a Typology for Additive Markers},
  journal   = {Lingua},
  year      = {2016},
  volume    = {180},
  pages     = {69--100},
}

@incollection{Noorlander2022-narrative,
  author    = {Paul Noorlander and Masoud Mohammadirad},
  title     = {Narrative Style and Discourse in Kurdish and Neo-Aramaic Oral Literature},
  booktitle = {Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish Folklore of Northern Iraq: A Comparative Anthology with a Sample of Glossed Texts},
  pages     = {85--155},
  year      = {2022},
  publisher = {Open Book Publishers},
  address   = {Cambridge, UK},
  doi       = {10.11647/OBP.0306.03}
}

@article{sasse1987thetic,
  title={The Thetic/Categorical Distinction Revisited},
  author={Sasse, Hans-Jürgen},
  journal={Linguistics},
  volume={25},
  number={3},
  pages={511--580},
  year={1987},
  doi={10.1515/ling.1987.25.3.511}
}

@incollection{bresnan_grammatical_1986,
	title = {Grammatical and {Anaphoric} {Agreement}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Chicago} {Linguistic} {Society} 22. {Papers} from the {Parasession} on {Pragmatics} and {Grammatical} {Theory}},
	author = {Bresnan, Joan and McHombo, Sam A.},
	editor = {Farley, Anne and Farley, Peter and McCullough, Karl},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {741--782},
}

@article{e._kiss_inverse_2013,
	title = {The {Inverse} {Agreement} {Constraint} in {Uralic} languages},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Finno-Ugric languages and linguistics},
	author = {É. Kiss, Katalin},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2--21},
}

@book{barlow_situated_1992,
	address = {New York},
	title = {A situated theory of agreement},
	abstract = {Typical cases of agreement are easy to identify, but where the boundaries of agreement lie depend on what aspects of the agreement relation are considered to be defining properties. It is a short step from viewing agreement in the traditional way, as a matching of features, to defining agreement as any relation that ensures consistency of information in two separate structures. This book takes as its topic agreement as it is traditionally conceived, one that only involves morphosyntactic categories.},
	publisher = {Garland},
	author = {Barlow, Michael},
	year = {1992},
}

@book{croft_radical_2001,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Radical construction grammar: {Syntactic} theory in typological perspective},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Croft, William},
	year = {2001},
}

@incollection{croft_agreement_2013,
	address = {Berlin, Boston},
	title = {Agreement as anaphora, anaphora as coreference},
	booktitle = {Languages across boundaries: {Studies} in memory of {Anna} {Siewierska}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Croft, William},
	editor = {Bakker, Dik and Haspelmath, Martin},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {95--117},
}

@article{fedden_conditions_2013,
	title = {Conditions on pronominal marking in the {Alor}-{Pantar} languages},
	volume = {51},
	url = {https://www-degruyter-com.prext.num.bulac.fr/view/j/ling.2013.51.issue-1/ling-2013-0002/ling-2013-0002.xml},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Fedden, Sebastian and Brown, Dunstan and Corbett, Greville G. and Holton, Gary and Kalmer, Marian and Robinson, Laura C. and Schapper, Antoinette},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {33--74},
}

@article{zwicky_cliticization_1983,
	title = {Cliticization vs. {Inflection}: {English} {N}'{T}},
	volume = {59},
	abstract = {Two types of bound morphemes-clitics and inflectional affixes-are found attached to (free) words in many languages. At least six lines of evidence separate the clear cases on each side: the degree of selection between the dependent morpheme and the word to which it is attached; arbitrary lexical gaps; phonological idiosyncrasies; semantic idiosyncrasies; syntactic operations affecting the combinations; and restrictions on the combinability of clitics with inflectional affixes. These criteria all indicate that English contracted auxiliaries (She's gone) are clitics, but that the English contracted negative (She hasn't gone) is an inflectional affix-a rather surprising conclusion that turns out to have satisfying consequences.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Zwicky, Arnold M. and Pullum, Geoffrey K.},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {502--513},
}

@book{van_valin_exploring_2005,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Exploring the syntax-semantics {Interface}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Van Valin, Jr., Robert D.},
	year = {2005},
}

@article{payne_decay_1980,
	title = {The decay of ergativity in {Pamir} languages},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2-3},
	journal = {Lingua},
	author = {Payne, John},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {147--186},
}

@incollection{nevis_clitics_2000,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Clitics},
	volume = {1},
	booktitle = {Morphology: {An} {International} {Handbook} on {Inflection} and {Word}-{Formation}},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
	author = {Nevis, Joel A.},
	editor = {Booij, Geert and Lehmann, Christian and Mugdan, Joachim},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {388--404},
}

@book{nevis_clitics:_1994,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {Clitics: a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991},
	shorttitle = {Clitics},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Nevis, Joel A. and Joseph, Brian D. and Wanner, Dieter and Zwicky, Arnold M.},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {Grammaire comparée et générale -- clitiques -- bibliographie},
}

@article{mahamedi_story_1982,
	title = {The {Story} of {Rostam} and {Esfandiyār} in an {Iranian} {Dialect}},
	volume = {102},
	abstract = {Nearly ten centuries have passed since Firdausi composed his monumental work, the Shāhnāma. Today, there is convincing evidence that such heroic legends and stories were current in various Iranian languages long before Firdausi's time. Both the content of the Shāhnāma and external sources provide evidence that oral traditions as well as written documents were known and available to Firdausi when composing his epic. Due to the literary merit of the Shāhnāma and the predominance of New Persian in Iranian society, it is generally expected that both traditions of naqqāli (narration) as well as shāhnāma-khāni (recitation of the Shāhnāma) be performed in New Persian. However, the story presented here, based on the Shāhnāma is in Davāni, an Iranian dialect of Fārs and as such, it may indicate the survival of the oral tradition in existence even before the Shāhnāma and therefore is of historical interest. It provides an insight into the folklore of the inhabitants of a village and is useful as a specimen of a dialect which is dying. It is hoped that this account will provide an incentive for further work on this dialect.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of the American Oriental Society},
	author = {Mahamedi, Hamid},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {451--459},
}

@article{liosis_auxiliary_2017,
	title = {Auxiliary verb constructions and clitic placement},
	volume = {17},
	abstract = {The Tsakonian clitic system possesses a clitic auxiliary with the same syntactic and prosodic properties as the object clitic pronouns with which it may cluster preverbally or postverbally. The clitics of the two Tsakonian subdialects (Peloponnesian Tsakonian and Propontis Tsakonian) differ typologically since the latter has second position clitics but the former does not. It is shown here that Peloponnesian Tsakonian clitics do not simply constitute a mixed system in a state of transition between the inherited Medieval Greek enclitics and {\textless}small{\textgreater}SMG{\textless}/small{\textgreater} proclitics, because of certain peculiarities they show. In particular, circumclitics and split clitics have arisen, and second position clitics are retained not as free variations but as elements whose placement depends on strict prosodic and/or syntactic conditions.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Greek Linguistics},
	author = {Liosis, Nikos},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {auxiliary, circumclitic, polar question, second position clitics, split cliticization},
	pages = {37--72},
}

@article{klavans_independence_1985,
	title = {The {Independence} of {Syntax} and {Phonology} in {Cliticization}},
	volume = {61},
	abstract = {In previous work on cliticization, it has been assumed that two and only two strategies are available for clitic positioning: sentential second-position cliticization (Wackernagel's Law) and cliticization to a specified lexical class, most commonly V. Moreover, it has been assumed that the host in terms of which the clitic is positioned, i.e. the structural or lexical host, must also necessarily be the phonological host. This paper shows that the structural and phonological hosts need not be the same; i.e., clitics can simultaneously attach syntactically to a structural host, while attaching independently to a different phonological host. Thus the two-strategy assumption of clitic positioning and attachment is inadequate. Instead, three independent parameters are required. These binary parameters encode two structural notions-DOMINANCE and PRECEDENCE-and one phonological notion-LIAISON. The values of the parameters constrain possible clitics to eight types, each of which is illustrated in this paper. These parameters are encoded in the lexical subcategorization frame for clitics. It is shown that clitics are PHRASAL AFFIXES. Although languages appear to differ widely in types of clitics and cliticization, this paper shows how a unitary analysis of apparently diverse clitic types is possible in terms of the three-parameter system. Languages analysed include Classical Greek, Spanish, French, Ngiyambaa, Nganhcara, and some Uto-Aztecan languages.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Klavans, Judith L.},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {95--120},
}

@incollection{kari_endocliticization_2012,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Endocliticization and the {Lexical} {Integrity} {Hypothesis}: {Insights} from {Degema}},
	booktitle = {Pronouns and {Clitics} in {Early} {Language}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel},
	editor = {Pilar Larrañaga, Maria and Guijarro-Fuentes, Pedro},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {257--281},
}

@inproceedings{haig_clitics_2013,
	title = {Clitics at the syntax-pragmatics interface: {The} case of {Delvari} pronominal enclitics.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/4484033/Clitics_at_the_syntax-pragmatics_interface_the_case_of_Delvari_pronominal_clitics.},
	urldate = {2016-05-12},
	booktitle = {Revised handout, paper held at the {ICIL} 5, {Bamberg}, 24-26th {August}},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey and Nemati, Fatemeh},
	year = {2013},
}

@article{dabir-moghaddam_linguistic_2012,
	title = {Linguistic {Typology}: {An} {Iranian} {Perspective}},
	volume = {12},
	shorttitle = {Linguistic {Typology}},
	url = {http://www.sejongjul.org/archive/view_article?pid=jul-13-1-31},
	journal = {Journal of Universal Language},
	author = {Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {31--70},
}

@incollection{bickel_inflectional_2007,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Inflectional morphology},
	booktitle = {Language typology and {Syntactic} {Description}, vol. {III}: {Grammatical} categories and the lexicon},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Bickel, Balthasar and Nichols, Johanna},
	editor = {Shopen, Timothy},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {169--240},
}

@incollection{samvelian_lexical_nodate,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {A {Lexical} {Account} of {Sorani} {Kurdish} {Prepositions}},
	abstract = {In Sorani Kurdish dialects, the complement of a preposition can generally be realized either as a syntactic item (NP, independent pronoun or PP) or a bound personal morpheme (clitic/affix). However, the affixal realization of the complement gives rise to a range of specific phenomena. First, some prepositions display two different phonological forms depending on the realization of their complement: the variant combining with a syntactic item is referred to as ‘simple’, while the variant combining with an affixal complement is called ‘absolute’. Furthermore, unlike syntactic complements, which are always realized locally, the affixal complement of an absolute preposition can have a non-local realization, attaching to a host with which it has no morphosyntactic relations. In order to deal with these facts, this paper proposes a classification of Sorani prepositions along two lines: the affixal versus non-affixal realization of the complement on the one hand and its local versus non-local realization on the other hand. All cases of non-local realization receive a lexical account, either in terms of argument composition or in terms of linearization constraints on domain objects.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th international conference on head-driven phrase structure grammar.},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	author = {Samvelian, Pollet},
	editor = {Müller, Stefan},
	pages = {235--249},
}

@incollection{samvelian_les_2013,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Les prépositions simples et les prépositions absolues dans les dialectes kurdes sorani (centraux)},
	booktitle = {Prépositions et postpositions : approches typologiques et formelles},
	publisher = {Hermès science Lavoisier},
	author = {Samvelian, Pollet},
	editor = {Tseng, Jesse},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {173--203},
}

@article{hagege_pour_2006,
	title = {Pour une typologie linguistique des affects},
	volume = {101},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris},
	author = {Hagège, Claude},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {89--132},
}

@incollection{blevins2017areal,
  author    = {Juliette Blevins},
  title     = {Areal Sound Patterns: From Perceptual Magnets to Stone Soup},
  booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics},
  editor    = {Raymond Hickey},
  pages     = {88--121},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {2017},
  address   = {Cambridge},
}

@incollection{shibatani_non-canonical_2001,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {Non-canonical constructions in {Japanese}},
	booktitle = {Non-canonical marking of subjects and objects},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Shibatani, Masayoshi},
	editor = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra and Dixon, R.M.W and Onishi, Masayuki},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {307--354},
}

@incollection{onishi_introduction:_2001,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {Introduction: {Non}-canonically marked subjects and objects: {Parameters} and properties},
	booktitle = {Noncanonical {Marking} of {Subjects} and {Objects}},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Onishi, Masayuki},
	editor = {Aikhenvald, Alexandra and Dixon, R.M.W and Onishi, Masayuki},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1--51},
}

@incollection{stilo_dikin_2018,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Dikin {Marāei} {Tati} of {Alamut}: an undocumented conservative {Tati} language},
	booktitle = {Endangered {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	editor = {Gholami, Saloumeh},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {41--69},
}

@incollection{rasekh-mahand_compensating_2016,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Compensating ergative alignment loss in {Takestani}},
	booktitle = {Further {Topics} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}: {Proceedings} of the 5th {International} {Conference} on {Iranian} {Linguistics}, held in {Bamberg} on 24-26 {August} 2013 ({Cahiers} de {Studia} {Iranica} 58)},
	publisher = {Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes},
	author = {Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad and Izadifar, Raheleh},
	editor = {Ghomeshi, Jila and Jahani, Carina and Lenepveu-Hotz, Agnès},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {135--155},
}

@book{wanner_development_1987,
	address = {Berlin, New York, Amsterdam},
	series = {Empirical approaches to language typology},
	title = {The development of {Romance} clitic pronouns: {From} {Latin} to {Old} {Romance}},
	number = {3},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Wanner, Dieter},
	year = {1987},
}

@book{nyberg_manual_1974,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {A manual of {Pahlavi} ({II}): ideograms, glossary, abbreviations, index, grammatical survey},
	publisher = {Otto Harrassowitz},
	author = {Nyberg, Henrik Samuel},
	year = {1974},
}

@book{mackenzie_concise_1971,
	address = {London},
	title = {A concise {Pahlavi} dictionary},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1971},
}

@book{durkin-meisterernst_grammatik_2014,
	address = {Wien},
	series = {Sitzungsberichte der phil.-hist. {Klasse} 850, {Veröffentlichungen} zur {Iranistik} 73, {Grammatica} {Iranica}, {Band} 1},
	title = {Grammatik des {Westmitteliranischen} ({Parthisch} und {Mittelpersisch})},
	publisher = {Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften},
	author = {Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond},
	year = {2014},
}

@book{fus_rise_2005,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	title = {The rise of agreement: {A} formal approach to the syntax and grammaticalization of verbal inflection},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Fuß, Erik},
	year = {2005},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_isoglosses:_1975,
	title = {Isoglosses: {A} {Sketch} on {Persians} and {Parthians}, {Kurds} and {Medes}},
	booktitle = {Monumentum {Henrik} {S}. {Nyberg} {II} [{Acta} {Iranica} 5]},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {457--472},
}

@incollection{skjaervo_languages_1989,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Languages of {Southeast} {Iran}: {Lārestānī}, {Komzārī}, {Baškardī}},
	booktitle = {Compendium {Linguarum} {Iranicarum}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {SkjærvØ, Prods O.},
	editor = {Schmitt, Rüdiger},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {363--369},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_bakhtiari_1988,
	title = {The {Bakhtiari} dialect},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia {Iranica}. {III} (5)},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {559--561},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_fars_1999,
	title = {F{ĀRS} viii. {Dialects}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia {Iranica}. {IX}(4)},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {362--373},
}

@incollection{mahamedi_davan_1994,
	title = {Davân},
	booktitle = {Encylopedia {Iranica}. {VII} (2)},
	author = {Mahamedi, Hamid},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {129--132},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_behdinan_1989,
	title = {Behdinān {Dialect}},
	booktitle = {Encyclopædia {Iranica}. {IV} (1)},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {105--108},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_new_1989,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {New {West} {Iranian}},
	booktitle = {Compendium {Linguarum} {Iranicarum}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot and Arbor, Ann},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {251--262},
}

@article{mackinnon_colin_new_1977,
	title = {The {New} {Persian} {Preverb} bi-},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of the American Oriental Society},
	author = {{MacKinnon, Colin}},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {8--26},
}

@article{razaghi_peybastha_2018,
	title = {peybasthâ va pišbasthâ-ye zamiri dar guyeš-e {Abuzeydâbâdi} [{Pronominal}  enclitics and proclitics in {Abuzeydabadi} dialect]},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	journal = {zabân-e farsi va guyešhâ-ye Irani (Persian language and Iranian dialects)},
	author = {Razaghi, Sayed Tayeb},
	year = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{lapointe_theory_1980,
	address = {University of Massachusetts. (Doctoral dissertation)},
	title = {A theory of grammatical agreement},
	author = {Lapointe, Steven G.},
	year = {1980},
}

@book{di_sciulo_definition_1987,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {On the definition of word},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Di Sciulo, Maria and Williams, Edwin},
	year = {1987},
}

@incollection{stilo_provincial_2007,
	title = {Provincial dialects},
	volume = {XIV},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia {Iranica}.},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {93--112},
}

@incollection{windfuhr_central_1991,
	title = {Central dialects},
	volume = {V},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia {Iranica}.},
	author = {Windfuhr, Gernot},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {242--252},
}

@incollection{lecoq_les_nodate,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Les dialectes du centre de l'{Iran}},
	booktitle = {Compendium {Linguarum} {Iranicarum}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Lecoq, Pierre},
	editor = {Schmitt, Rüdiger},
	pages = {313--326},
}

@phdthesis{krahnke_linguistic_1976,
	address = {University of Michigan. (Doctoral dissertation)},
	title = {Linguistic {Relationships} in {Central} {Iran}},
	author = {Krahnke, Karl J.},
	year = {1976},
}

@article{borjian_median_2009,
	title = {Median succumbs to {Persian} after three millennia of coexistence: {Language} shift in the central {Iranian} plateau},
	volume = {2},
	journal = {Persianate studies},
	author = {Borjian, Habib},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {62--87},
}

@incollection{lecoq_les_nodate-1,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Les dialectes {Caspiens} et les dialectes du nord-ouest l'{Iran}},
	booktitle = {Compendium {Linguarum} {Iranicarum}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {Lecoq, Pierre},
	editor = {Schmitt, Rüdiger},
	pages = {296--312},
}

@book{heine_language_2005,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Language {Contact} and {Grammatical} {Change}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Heine, Bernd and Kuteva, Tania},
	year = {2005},
}

@article{yar-shater_xoini_2003,
	title = {The {Xo}'ini dialect},
	volume = {XIX},
	journal = {Persica},
	author = {Yar-Shater, Ehsan},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {165--182},
}

@incollection{yip_identity_1998,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Identity avoidance in phonology and morphology},
	booktitle = {Morphology and {Its} {Relation} to {Syntax} and {Phonology}},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	author = {Yip, Moira},
	editor = {Farrell, Patrick and Lapointe, Steven G.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {216--247},
}

@book{corbett_number_2000,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Textbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {Number},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {2000},
}

@article{anonby_kurdish_2004,
	title = {Kurdish or {Luri}? {Laki}’s disputed identity in the {Luristan} province of {Iran}},
	number = {4/5},
	journal = {Kurdische Studien},
	author = {Anonby, Erik},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {7--22},
}

@book{nichols_linguistic_1992,
	address = {Chicago},
	title = {Linguistic diversity in space and time},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Nichols, Johanna},
	year = {1992},
}

@article{stilo_tati_1981,
	title = {The {Tati} language group in the sociolinguistic context of {Northwestern} {Iran}.},
	volume = {XIV},
	journal = {Iranian Studies},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {137--187},
}

@incollection{adibifar_persian_2016,
	title = {Persian},
	url = {https://lac.uni-koeln.de/multicast-per sian/},
	booktitle = {Multi-{CAST} ({Multilingual} corpus of annotated spoken texts)},
	author = {Adibifar, Shirin},
	year = {2016},
}

@book{eilers_mundart_1979,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	series = {Westiranische {Mundarten} aus der {Sammlung} {Wilhelm} {Eilers}},
	title = {Die {Mundart} von {Gäz}},
	language = {ger per},
	number = {Bd. 2},
	publisher = {Steiner},
	author = {Eilers, Wilhelm and Schapka, Ulrich},
	year = {1979},
}

@book{dabir-moghaddam_radahshinasi-ye_2013,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Radahʹshināsi-ye zabānʹhā-ye Īrāni [{Typology} of {Iranian} languages]},
	volume = {I \& II},
	publisher = {Samt},
	author = {Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad},
	year = {2013},
}

@incollection{lazard_gilbert_structures_2005,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Structures d’actances dans les langues irano-aryennes modernes},
	booktitle = {Languages of {Iran} : {Past} and {Present} − {Iranian} {Studies} in memoriam {David} {Neil} {MacKenzie}},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	author = {{Lazard, Gilbert}},
	editor = {Weber, Dieter},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {81--95},
}

@incollection{haig_geoffrey_grammaticalization_nodate,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Grammaticalization and inflectionalization in {Iranian}},
	booktitle = {Grammaticalization from a {Typological} {Perspective}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {{Haig, Geoffrey}},
	editor = {Narrog, Heiko and Heine, Bernd},
	pages = {57--78},
}

@phdthesis{opengin_clitic/affix_2013,
	address = {Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. (Doctoral dissertation)},
	title = {Clitic/affix interactions. {A} corpus-based study of person marking in the {Mukri} variety of {Central} {Kurdish}},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{opengin_mukri_2016,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {The {Mukri} variety of {Central} {Kurdish}: {Grammar}, texts and lexicon},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2016},
}

@book{ivanow_gabri_1940,
	address = {Roma},
	title = {The {Gabri} dialect spoken by the {Zoroastrians} of {Persia}},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {G. Bardi},
	author = {Ivanow, Wladimir},
	year = {1940},
	note = {OCLC: 26625937},
}

@book{brunner_syntax_1977,
	address = {Delmar, New York},
	title = {A syntax of western {Middle} {Iranian}},
	isbn = {978-0-88206-005-7},
	language = {eng pal},
	publisher = {Caravan Books},
	author = {Brunner, Christopher J.},
	year = {1977},
}

@incollection{dabir-moghaddam_agent_2008,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {On agent clitics in {Balochi}},
	booktitle = {The {Baloch} and others. {Linguistic}, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in {Balochistan}},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad},
	editor = {Jahani, Carina and Korn, Agnes and Titus, Paul},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {83--101},
}

@incollection{stilo_two_nodate,
	address = {Newcastle},
	title = {Two sets of mobile verbal person agreement markers in the northern {Talyshi} language},
	booktitle = {Aspects of {Iranian} linguistics},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
	editor = {Karimi, Simin and Samiian, Vida and Stilo, Donald},
	pages = {363--390},
}

@incollection{korn_agnes_pronouns_2011,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	series = {34},
	title = {Pronouns as {Verbs}, {Verbs} as {Pronouns}: {Demonstratives} and the {Copula} in {Iranian}.},
	booktitle = {Topics in {Iranian} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {{Korn, Agnes}},
	editor = {Korn, Agnes and Haig, Geoffrey and Karimi, Simin and Samvelian, Pollet},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {53--70},
}

@article{jugel_les_2016,
	title = {Les pronoms enclitiques dans les langues ouest-iraniennes},
	volume = {1 (CXI)},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, Peeters Publishers},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas and Samvelian, Pollet},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {236--254},
}

@book{mahmoudveysi_gorani_2013,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {The {Gorani} language of {Zarda}, a village of west {Iran}: texts, grammar, and lexicon},
	shorttitle = {The {Gorani} language of {Zarda}, a village of west {Iran}},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Mahmoudveysi, Parvin and Bailey, Denise},
	year = {2013},
}

@article{rasekh_persian_2014,
	title = {Persian clitics: {Doubling} and agreement},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Modern Languages},
	author = {Rasekh, Mohammad},
	year = {2014},
}

@article{jugel_ergative_2009,
	title = {Ergative {Remnants} in {Sorani} {Kurdish}?},
	volume = {58},
	abstract = {DiVA portal is a finding tool for research publications and student theses written at the following 47 universities and research institutions.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Orientalia Suecana},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {142--158},
}

@incollection{gholami_saloumeh_pronominal_2018,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Pronominal {Clitics} in {Zoroastrian} {Dari} ({Behdînî}) of {Kerman}},
	booktitle = {Endangered {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {{Gholami, Saloumeh}},
	editor = {Gholami, Saloumeh},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {111--1222},
}

@incollection{samvelian_persian_2010,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Persian object clitics and the syntax-morphology interface},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {International} {Conference} on {Head}-{Driven} {Phrase} {Structure} {Grammar}},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	author = {Samvelian, Pollet and Tseng, Jesse},
	editor = {Müller, Stefan},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {212--232},
}

@inproceedings{stilo_double-duty_nodate,
	address = {Paper held at the conference Syntax of the World’s languages, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, August 7, 2004},
	title = {Double-duty pronominal clitics in {Gazi}},
	author = {Stilo, Donald},
}

@article{bynon_ergative_1979,
	title = {The {Ergative} {Construction} in {Kurdish}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0041-977X},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London},
	author = {Bynon, Theodora},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {211--224},
}

@incollection{samvelian_what_nodate,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {What {Sorani} {Kurdish} absolute prepositions tell us about cliticization},
	booktitle = {Texas {Linguistic} {Society} {IX}: {The} {Morphosyntax} of {Underrepresented} {Languages}},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	author = {Samvelian, Pollet},
	editor = {Hoyt, Frederic and Seifert, Nikki and Alexandra, Teodorescu and White, Jessica},
	pages = {263--283},
}

@phdthesis{barbera_lingua_2005,
	title = {Lingua e cultura a {Minab}, {Iran} sudorientale. {Profilo} grammaticale, testi e vocabolario. {Napoli}},
	abstract = {Lingua e cultura a Minab, Iran sudorientale. Profilo grammaticale, testi e vocabolario. Napoli, 2005},
	language = {en},
	school = {University of Naples (Doctoral dissertation.)},
	author = {Barbera, Gerardo},
	year = {2005},
}

@book{salami_farhang-e_2002,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Farhang-e gūyeš-e dawāni [{A} dictionary of {Davani} dialect]},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
	publisher = {Aṯār},
	author = {Salami, Abdolnabi},
	year = {2002},
}

@book{lecoq_dialecte_1979,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Le dialecte de {Sivand}},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Lecoq, Pierre},
	year = {1979},
}

@book{firoozbakhsh_barresi-ye_1999,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {barresi-ye sâkhtemân-e dasturi-e guyeš-e behdinân-e šahr-e {Yazd} [{The} study of the syntactic structure of the {Behdinan} dialect of the city of {Yazd}]},
	publisher = {Foruhar},
	author = {Firoozbakhsh, Faranak},
	year = {1999},
}

@book{shafii_nikabadi_garkuye:_1998,
	address = {Isphahan},
	title = {Garkûye: sarzamini nâšenâxte ba karân-e kavir [{Garkuye}: an unknown land in the edge of desert]},
	publisher = {Ghazal},
	author = {Shafi’i Nikabadi, Ali},
	year = {1998},
}

@book{safari_dastanha_2008,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Dâstanhâ va zabânzadhâ-ye {Delijâni} [{The} tales and proverbs of {Delijani}]},
	publisher = {Nashr-e Balkh},
	author = {Safari, Hosayn},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{fathi_broujeni_guyis-e_2013,
	address = {Tehran},
	title = {Gūyiš-e {Maymahʹī} [{Meymeyi} dialect]},
	publisher = {Pižūhišgāh-e ʿUlūm-e Insānī wa Muṭālaʿāt-e Farhangī},
	author = {Fathi Broujeni, Shahla},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{lambton_three_1938,
	address = {London},
	title = {Three {Persian} dialects},
	publisher = {The Royal Asiatic Society},
	author = {Lambton, Ann K. S.},
	year = {1938},
}

@book{mann_mundarten_1926,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {Kurdisch-{Persische} {Forschungen}},
	title = {Die {Mundarten} von {Khunsār}, {Mahallāt}, {Natänz}, {Nāyin}, {Sämnān}, {Sīvänd} und {Sō}-{Kohrūd}},
	language = {ger kur},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
	author = {Mann, Oskar and Hadank, Karl},
	year = {1926},
}

@book{majidi_strukturelle_1980,
	address = {Hamburg},
	title = {Strukturelle {Beschreibung} des iranischen {Dialekts} der {Stadt} {Semnan}: {Phonetik}, {Morphologie}, {Syntax}, {Texte}},
	isbn = {978-3-87118-446-8},
	shorttitle = {Strukturelle {Beschreibung} des iranischen {Dialekts} der {Stadt} {Semnan}},
	language = {ger},
	publisher = {H. Buske},
	author = {Majidi, Mohammad-Reza},
	year = {1980},
}

@book{yar-shater_grammar_1969,
	address = {The Hague},
	title = {A grammar of southern {Tati} dialects},
	language = {eng ira},
	publisher = {Mouton},
	author = {Yar-Shater, Ehsan},
	year = {1969},
}

@misc{tfs_working_group_woodchopper._nodate,
	title = {The woodchopper. {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/woodchopper/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {TFS Working Group},
}

@misc{tfs_working_group_chore_nodate,
	title = {Chore {Girl}: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/chore_girl/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {TFS Working Group},
}

@misc{tfs_working_group_bake-off:_nodate,
	title = {Bake-{Off}: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/bake_off/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {TFS Working Group},
}

@misc{littell_animal_2010,
	title = {Animal party: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/animal_party/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {Littell, Patrick},
	year = {2010},
}

@misc{tfs_working_group_shopping_2010,
	title = {Shopping list 1: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/shopping_list1/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {TFS Working Group},
	year = {2010},
}

@misc{tfs_working_group_shopping_2010-1,
	title = {Shopping list 2: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/shopping_list2/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {TFS Working Group},
	year = {2010},
}

@misc{chen_there_2015,
	title = {There are many... and more bears!:{Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/many_bears/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {Chen, Sihwei},
	year = {2015},
}

@misc{clarke_black_2015,
	title = {The black bear and salmon: {Totem} field storyboards},
	url = {http://totemfieldstoryboards.org/stories/bear_and_salmon/},
	urldate = {2016-05-29},
	author = {Clarke, Evan and Wing Ng, Ka},
	year = {2015},
}

@book{schmitt_compendium_1989,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Compendium {Linguarum} {Iranicarum}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	editor = {Schmitt, Rüdiger},
	year = {1989},
}

@book{dahl_tense_2000,
	address = {Berlin/New York},
	title = {Tense and aspect in the languages of {Europe}: empirical epproaches to language typology, {EUROTYP} 20–6},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	editor = {Dahl, Östen},
	year = {2000},
}

@inproceedings{haig_subject/object_2013,
	title = {The subject/object asymmetry in bound person indexing: diachronic and discourse considerations},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/2759840/The_subject_object_asymmetry_in_bound_person_indexing_diachronic_and_discourse_considerations},
	abstract = {The subject/object asymmetry in bound person indexing: diachronic and discourse considerations},
	urldate = {2018-05-25},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{baker_polysynthesis_1996,
	address = {New Haven},
	title = {The polysynthesis parameter},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Baker, Mark C.},
	year = {1996},
}

@article{jelinek_empty_1984,
	title = {Empty categories and non-configurational languages},
	volume = {2},
	journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
	author = {Jelinek, Eloise},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {39--76},
}

@incollection{bickel_distributional_2013,
	address = {Amsterdam \& Philadelphia},
	title = {Distributional biases in language families},
	booktitle = {Language typology and historical contingency: {In} honor of {Johanna} {Nichols}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Bickel, Balthasar},
	editor = {Grenoble, Lenore A. and Bickel, Balthasar and Peterson, David A. and Timberlake, Alan},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {415--444},
}

@article{mithun_pronouns_2003,
	title = {Pronouns and agreement: {The} information status of pronominal affixes},
	volume = {101},
	copyright = {The Philological Society 2003},
	abstract = {Pronominal affixes are often assumed to represent an intermediate stage of diachronic development between independent pronouns like English he and redundant inflectional markers like English -s. The path of development would involve changes in distribution, form and function. Recently it has been proposed that pronominal affixes are functionally closer to the redundant subject agreement markers of English and German than to independent pronouns, because they cannot distinguish referentiality or definiteness. An examination of the use of pronominal affixes in connected speech in two unrelated polysynthetic languages, Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo and Navajo, indicates that the affixes are actually essentially equivalent in referentiality and definiteness to the independent pronouns of English and German. Reference and definiteness are established in Yup'ik and Navajo in the same ways as in English and other languages, plus one more. Alternative constructions are used for non-referential mentions. In some cases, these systems actually show finer distinctions of referentiality and definiteness than those of English and other European languages.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
	author = {Mithun, Marianne},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {235--278},
}

@article{bresnan_topic_1987,
	title = {Topic, {Pronoun}, and {Agreement} in {Chicheŵa}},
	volume = {63},
	abstract = {This study offers a theory of agreement within the framework of lexical-functional grammar. In this theory, verbal affixes may mark either grammatical or anaphoric agreement. In grammatical agreement, a NP bears an argument relation to the verb, while the verbal affix expresses redundantly the person, number, and gender class of the NP. In anaphoric agreement, the verbal affix is an incorporated pronominal argument of the verb, and the coreferential NP has a non-argument function-either as an adjunct of the pronominal argument, or as a topic or focus of the clause or discourse structure. Grammatical topics have syntactic properties deriving from a theory of discourse functions. The minimal difference between an incorporated pronoun and a grammatical agreement marker is the presence or absence of a semantic attribute in the lexical content of the affix. Likewise, the minimal difference between a SUBJECT NP and a TOPIC. NP is the function, rather than the phrase structure attributes of dominance, precedence, and category. This theory offers an explanation for the close relation between grammatical and anaphoric agreement, as well as clear criteria for distinguishing anaphoric and grammatical agreement by their discourse, syntactic, and even phonological effects. The Chicheŵa language (Bantu) has both grammatical agreement with the subject and anaphoric agreement with the object, and related languages show various distributions of these two agreement types.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Bresnan, Joan and McHombo, Sam A.},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {741--782},
}

@incollection{givon_topic_1976,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Topic, pronoun and grammatical agreement},
	booktitle = {Subject and {Topic}},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	author = {Givon, Talmy},
	editor = {N. Li, Charles},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {149--188},
}

@book{corbett_agreement_2006,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Agreement},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{corbett_agreement:_2003,
	title = {Agreement: the range of the phenomenon and the principles of the {Surrey} {Database} of {Agreement}},
	volume = {101},
	copyright = {The Philological Society 2003},
	abstract = {Agreement is approached from the analytical decisions required for constructing a typological database. The Surrey Database of Agreement provides detailed, highly structured information on the agreement systems of fifteen genetically diverse languages. The range of material included and the criteria for inclusion are set out here. There is then detailed discussion of the difficult cases, in particular the dividing line between agreement markers and pronominal affixes. The criteria relevant to this distinction are in part drawn from the literature and in part new. The aim is that the criteria adopted should be fully clear, so that linguists of different persuasions can use the database for their varying purposes.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
	author = {Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {155--202},
}

@book{bloomfield_language_1933,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Language},
	publisher = {Holt, Reinehart and Winston},
	author = {Bloomfield, Leonard},
	year = {1933},
}

@incollection{greenberg_how_1978,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {How does a language acquire gender markers?},
	booktitle = {Universals of human language: {IV}: {Syntax}},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Greenberg, Joseph A.},
	editor = {Greenberg, Joseph A. and Ferguson, Charles A. and Moravcsik, Edith A.},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {47--82},
}

@incollection{steele_word_1978,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Word order variation: a typological study},
	booktitle = {Universals of human language: {IV}: {Syntax}},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Steele, Susan},
	editor = {Greenberg, Joseph A. and Ferguson, Charles A. and Moravcsik, Edith A.},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {585--623},
}

@incollection{haspelmath_argument_2013,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Argument indexing: a conceptual framework for the syntactic status of bound person forms},
	booktitle = {Languages {Across} {Boundaries}: {Studies} in {Memory} of {Anna} {Siewierska}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	editor = {Bakker, Dik and Haspelmath, Martin},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {197--226},
}

@article{chung_syntax_2003,
	title = {The syntax and prosody of weak pronouns in {Chamorro}},
	volume = {34},
	journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
	author = {Chung, Sandra L.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {547--599},
}

@incollection{franks_clitics_2000,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Linguistik {Aktuell} 30},
	title = {Clitics at the interface: an introduction to {Clitic} {Phenomena} in {European} {Languages}},
	booktitle = {Clitic {Phenomena} in {European} {Languages}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Franks, Steven},
	editor = {Beukema, Frits and Den Dikken, Marcel},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1--46},
}

@phdthesis{tegey_grammar_1977,
	title = {The {Grammar} of {Clitics}: {Evidence} from {Pashto} and {Other} {Languages}},
	school = {University of Illinois. (Doctoral dissertation.)},
	author = {Tegey, Habibullah},
	year = {1977},
}

@incollection{cysouw_morphology_2005,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {Morphology in the wrong place: a survey of preposed enclitics},
	booktitle = {Morphology and its demarcations: {Selected} papers from the 11th {Morphology} meeting, {Vienna}, {February} 2004},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Cysouw, Michael},
	editor = {Dressler, Wolfgang U and Kastovsky, Dieter and Pfeiffer, Oskar E. and Rainer, Franz},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {17--37},
}

@article{embrick_locality_1999,
	title = {Locality in post-syntactic operations},
	volume = {34},
	journal = {MIT working papers in linguistics},
	author = {Embrick, David and Noyer, Robert Rolf},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {265--317},
}

@article{billings_phrasal_2002,
	title = {Phrasal {Clitics}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	abstract = {This study proposes an Optimality-theoretic model through which the various grammar components—semantics, syntax, the lexicon, morphology, and prosody—jointly determine the placement of clitics with a phrasal positioning domain, which is either a nominal expression or a clause. In order to render scope, such clitics must be phrase-initial. However, the morphology, carrying out subcategorization encoded in the lexicon, requires many such clitics to be suffixes. A third constraint prohibits affixation across certain syntactic boundaries. These three constraints require conflicting outputs, and cannot all be satisfied simultaneously. Depending on a particular language's constraint hierarchy, at least one constraint must be violated. Thus, a typology of clitic-placement strategies is predicted. This theory of cross-linguistic variation is based on conflicting requirements imposed by the aforementioned components of the grammar. In addition to an overview of clitic phenomena in Slavic and elsewhere, this paper demonstrates the proposed typology primarily using a clitic phenomenon in Russian in comparison to those in Tagalog and Warlpiri. In addition, these proposals make specific predictions about which kinds of clitic positioning can and cannot occur. Namely, these constraints predict an asymmetry in clitic-positioning types, excluding penultimate clisis.},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Billings, Loren A.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {53--104},
}

@incollection{halpern_clitics_1998,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Clitics},
	booktitle = {The handbook of morphology},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
	author = {Halpern, Aaron},
	editor = {Spencer, Andrew and Zwicky, Arnold M.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {101--122},
}

@article{harris_where_2000,
	title = {Where in the word is the {Udi} clitic?},
	volume = {76},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Harris, Alice},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {593--616},
}

@article{haspelmath_indeterminacy_2011,
	title = {The indeterminacy of word segmentation and the nature of morphology and syntax},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {1614-7308},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/flin.2011.45.issue-1/flin.2011.002/flin.2011.002.xml},
	abstract = {The general distinction between morphology and syntax is widely taken for granted, but it crucially depends on a cross-linguistically valid concept of ‘(morphosyntactic) word’. I show that there are no good criteria for defining such a concept. I examine ten criteria in some detail (potential pauses, free occurrence, mobility, uninterruptibility, non-selectivity, non-coordinatability, anaphoric islandhood, nonextractability, morphophonological idiosyncrasies, and deviations from bi-uniqueness), and I show that none of them is necessary and sufficient on its own, and no combination of them gives a definition of ‘word’ that accords with linguists' orthographic practice. ‘Word’ can be defined as a language-specific concept, but this is not relevant to the general question pursued here. ‘Word’ can be defined as a fuzzy concept, but this is theoretically meaningful only if the continuum between affixes and words, or words and phrases, shows some clustering, for which there is no systematic evidence at present. Thus, I conclude that we do not currently have a good basis for dividing the domain of morphosyntax into morphology and syntax, and that linguists should be very careful with general claims that make crucial reference to a cross-linguistic ‘word’ notion.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-06-07},
	journal = {Folia Linguistica},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {affix, clitic, lexical integrity, morphology, morphosyntax, syntax, word},
	pages = {31--80},
}

@incollection{spencer_canonical_2013,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {The canonical clitic},
	abstract = {Andrew Spencer and Ana Luís propose a characterization of the notion of canonical clitic based on the idea that clitics fall between canonical function words and canonical affixes. The authors first propose a set of putative canonical properties for affix and for function words. They then propose a set of criteria for clitics based on standard characterizations of clitics in the literature. They argue that there is no single set of properties which set clitics apart from affixes/function words and that the correct characterization of the canonical clitic is as an element with the form of a canonical affix but the distribution of a canonical function word. A variety of repercussions that follow from this approach are discussed, including the position of special clitics in the typology.},
	booktitle = {Canonical morphology and syntax},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Spencer, Andrew and Luís, Ana},
	editor = {Dunstan, Brown and Chumakina, Marina and Corbett, Greville G.},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{anderson_-morphous_1992,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {A-{Morphous} morphology},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Anderson, Stephen R.},
	year = {1992},
}

@book{klavans_problems_1982,
	address = {Bloomington, IN},
	title = {Some problems in a theory of clitics},
	publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
	author = {Klavans, Judith L.},
	year = {1982},
}

@book{zwicky_clitics_1977,
	address = {Bloomington, IN},
	title = {On clitics},
	publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
	author = {Zwicky, Arnold M.},
	year = {1977},
}

@incollection{haspelmath_defining_2015,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Defining vs. diagnosing linguistic categories: {A} case study of clitic phenomena},
	booktitle = {How categorical are categories?{New} approaches to the old questions of noun, verb, and adjective},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Haspelmath, Martin},
	editor = {Błaszczak, Joanna and Klimek-Jankowska, Dorota and Migdalski, Krzysztof},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {273--304},
}

@book{spencer_clitics:_2012,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge textbooks in linguistics},
	title = {Clitics: an introduction},
	isbn = {978-0-521-86428-2},
	shorttitle = {Clitics},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Cambridge university press},
	author = {Spencer, Andrew and Luís, Ana R.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {415, Clitiques, Grammar, Comparative and general -- Clitics},
}

@book{anderson_aspects_2005,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics 11},
	title = {Aspects of the theory of clitics},
	isbn = {978-0-19-927990-6},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Anderson, Stephen R.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {415/.7, Clitiques, Grammar, Comparative and general -- Clitics},
}

@article{anderson_wackernagels_1993,
	title = {Wackernagel’s revenge: clitics, morphology, and the syntax of second position},
	volume = {69},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Anderson, Stephen R.},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {68--98},
}

@book{halpern_placement_1995,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Dissertations in linguistics},
	title = {On the placement and morphology of clitics},
	isbn = {978-1-881526-61-2},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	author = {Halpern, Aaron},
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {Grammaire comparée et générale -- syntaxe},
}

@article{zwicky_suppressing_1987,
	title = {Suppressing the {Z}’s},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of linguistics},
	author = {Zwicky, Arnold M.},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {133--148},
}

@incollection{mackenzie_indirect_1964,
	address = {Bombay},
	title = {The ‘{Indirect} {Affectee}’ in {Pahlavi}},
	booktitle = {Dr. {J}.{M}. {Unvala} memorial volume},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1964},
}

@phdthesis{heston_selected_1976,
	title = {Selected problems in fifth to tenth century {Iranian} syntax},
	language = {eng},
	school = {University of Pennsylvania},
	author = {Heston, Wilma Louise},
	year = {1976},
}

@book{williams_pahlavi_nodate,
	address = {København},
	title = {The {Pahlavi} {Rivāyat} accompanying the {Dādestānī} {Dēnīg}. {Part} {I}: transliteration, transcription and glossary},
	publisher = {Munksgaard},
	author = {Williams, A. V.},
}

@book{boyce_reader_1975,
	address = {Leiden},
	title = {A reader in {Manichaean} {Middle} {Persian} and {Parthian}},
	publisher = {Brill},
	author = {Boyce, Mary},
	year = {1975},
}

@incollection{jugel_origin_2011,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {On the origin of the ergative construction in {Iranian} : {Evidence} from {Avestan}},
	booktitle = {Ancient and {Middle} {Iranian} {Studies}. {Proceedings} of the 6th {European} {Conference} of {Iranian} {Studies}, held in {Vienna}, 18–22 {September} 2007 ({Iranica} 19)},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz},
	author = {Jügel, Thomas},
	editor = {Macuch, Maria and Weber, Dieter and Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {99--114},
}

@incollection{dabir-moghaddam_mohammad_non-canonical_2018,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Non-canonical subject construction in endangered {Iranian} languages: {Furthur} {Investigation} into the debates on the genesis of ergativity},
	booktitle = {Endangered {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {{Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad}},
	editor = {Gholami, Saloumeh},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {9--40},
}

@incollection{narrog_grammaticalization_2014,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {The grammaticalization chain of case functions: {Extension} and reanalysis of case marking vs. universals of grammaticalization},
	booktitle = {Perspectives on {Semantic} {Roles} ({Typological} {Studies} in {Language}, 106)},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Narrog, Heiko},
	editor = {Luraghi, Silvia and Narrog, Heiko},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {69--98},
}

@incollection{anderson_mechanisms_1977,
	address = {Austin},
	title = {On mechanisms by which languages become ergative},
	booktitle = {Mechanisms of {Syntactic} {Change}},
	publisher = {University of Texas Press},
	author = {Anderson, Stephen R.},
	editor = {N. Li, Charles},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {317--363},
}

@incollection{benveniste_construction_1952,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {La construction passive du parfait transitif},
	booktitle = {Problèmes de linguistique generale},
	publisher = {Gallimard},
	author = {Benveniste, Emile},
	editor = {Benveniste, Emile},
	year = {1952},
	pages = {176--186},
}

@incollection{comrie_ergativity_2016,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {Ergativity in {Iranian} languages: {A} typological perspective},
	booktitle = {Further {Topics} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}: {Proceedings} of the 5th {International} {Conference} on {Iranian} {Linguistics}, held in {Bamberg} on 24-26 {August} 2013 ({Cahiers} de {Studia} {Iranica} 58)},
	publisher = {Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes},
	author = {Comrie, Bernard},
	editor = {Ghomeshi, Jila and Jahani, Carina and Lenepveu-Hotz, Agnès},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {37--53},
}

@incollection{bynon_passive_1980,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	title = {From passive to active in {Kurdish} via the ergative construction},
	booktitle = {Papers from the 4th {International} {Conference} on {Historical} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	author = {Bynon, Theodora},
	editor = {Traugott, Elisabeth C. and Labrum, Rebecca and Shepherd, Susan},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {151--163},
}

@book{kent_old_1953,
	address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
	title = {Old {Persian}: {Grammar}, {Texts}, {Lexicon}},
	publisher = {American Oriental Society},
	author = {Kent, Ronald},
	year = {1953},
}


@incollection{comrie_ergativity_1978,
	address = {Austin},
	title = {Ergativity},
	booktitle = {Syntactic {Typology}: {Studies} in the {Phenomenology} of {Language}},
	publisher = {University of Texas Press},
	author = {Comrie, Bernard},
	editor = {Lehmann, Winfred},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {329--394},
}

@book{comrie_languages_nodate,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {The languages of {Soviet} {Union}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Comrie, Bernard},
}

@incollection{haig_deconstructing_2017,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Deconstructing {Iranian} ergativity},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} handbook of ergativity},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	editor = {Coon, Jessica and Messam, Diane and Travis, Lisa},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {465--500},
}

@incollection{korn_balochi_2003,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {Balochi and the concept of {Northwestern} {Iranian}},
	booktitle = {The {Baloch} and their neighbours. {Ethnic} and linguistic contact in {Balochistan} in historical and modern times},
	publisher = {Reichert},
	author = {Korn, Agnes},
	editor = {Jahani, Carina and Korn, Agnes},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {49--60},
}

@article{mirdehghan_personal_2010,
	title = {Personal {Pronouns} in the {Kakavandi} {Laki} {Dialect} of {Harsin} ({Kermanshah}, {Iran})},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {0021-0862},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23033222},
	abstract = {[This study aims to analyze the positions and syntactic functions of dependent and independent personal pronouns in the Kakavandi Laki dialect in the region of Harsin (Kermanshah/Iran), an endangered dialect of Persian. The paper provides a morpho-syntactic description and investigates the dialectal characteristic positions of the pronominals in regard to their syntactic functions, which illustrate noticeable differences in comparison to Persian. The main functions under investigation include: subjective, objective, oblique and possessives, on the basis of which the pronominal positional variety is classified in the dialect. The study further examines the dialectal agreement patterns which demonstrate both ergative and non-ergative features.]},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2019-02-09},
	journal = {Iranian Studies},
	author = {Mirdehghan, Mahinnaz and Moradkhani, Simin},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {513--531},
}

@article{edmonds_prepositions_1955,
	title = {Prepositions and {Personal} {Affixes} in {Southern} {Kurdish}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0041-977X},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/609592},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2019-02-02},
	journal = {Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London},
	author = {Edmonds, C. J.},
	year = {1955},
	pages = {490--502},
}

@article{cardona_indo-iranian_1970,
	title = {The {Indo}-{Iranian} {Construction} mana (mama) kr̥tam},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {0097-8507},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/412403},
	doi = {10.2307/412403},
	abstract = {[The Old Persian construction type tya manā krtam 'what I have done', in which a genitive form of a nominal (manā), used to denote an agent, occurs construed with a participial form (krtam), has exact counterparts in Avestan and in Indic. The Old Persian construction is generally considered a possessive construction. This view is shown to be unacceptable; the Old Persian data require that manā krtam be classed as a passive construction, which accords with the facts of Avestan and Indic. It is also shown that the construction Ir. mana kr̥tam, Ind. mama kr̥tam arose through contact between nominal and verbal syntactic patterns as a variant of an older Indo-Iranian construction in which agent was denoted by an instrumental nominal form. The developments discussed have close parallels in Latin.]},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-01-31},
	journal = {Language},
	author = {Cardona, George},
	year = {1970},
	pages = {1--12},
}

@book{noauthor_grammaticalization_2019,
	address = {Oxford, New York},
	series = {Oxford {Studies} in {Diachronic} and {Historical} {Linguistics}},
	title = {Grammaticalization from a {Typological} {Perspective}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-879584-1},
	abstract = {This volume explores the way in which grammaticalization processes - whereby lexical words eventually become markers of grammatical categories - converge and differ across various types of language. While grammaticalization at its core is a unidirectional phenomenon, in which the same pathways of change are replicated across languages, certain language types and language areas have distinct preferences with respect to what they grammaticalize and how. Previous work has principally addressed this question with specific reference to languages of Southeast and East Asia that do not seem to grammaticalize paradigms of categories in the same manner as Indo-European languages, or form extensive grammaticalization chains. This volume takes a broader approach and proceeds systematically area by area: specialists in the field address the processes of grammaticalization in languages of Africa, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and the Americas, and in creole languages. The studies reveal a number of unique pathways of grammaticalization in each language area, as well as identifying the universal shared features of the phenomenon.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
}

@article{bardal_reconstructing_2012,
	title = {Reconstructing constructional semantics: {The} dative subject construction in {Old} {Norse}-{Icelandic}, {Latin}, {Ancient} {Greek}, {Old} {Russian} and {Old} {Lithuanian}},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {0378-4177, 1569-9978},
	shorttitle = {Reconstructing constructional semantics},
	url = {https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/sl.36.3.03bar},
	doi = {10.1075/sl.36.3.03bar},
	abstract = {As the historical linguistic community is well aware, reconstructing semantics is a notoriously difficult undertaking. Such reconstruction has so far mostly been carried out on lexical items, like words and morphemes, and has not been conducted for larger and more complex linguistic units, which intuitively seems to be a more intricate task, especially given the lack of methodological criteria and guidelines within the field. This follows directly from the fact that most current theoretical frameworks are not construction-based, that is, they do not assume that constructions are form-meaning correspondences. In order to meet this challenge, we present an attempt at reconstructing constructional semantics, and more precisely the semantics of the Dative Subject Construction for an earlier stage of Indo-European. For this purpose we employ lexical semantic verb classes in combination with the semantic map model (Barðdal 2007, Barðdal, Kristoffersen \&amp; Sveen 2011), showing how incredibly stable semantic fields may remain across long time spans, and how reconstructing such semantic fields may be accomplished.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-12-04},
	journal = {Studies in Language. International Journal sponsored by the Foundation “Foundations of Language”},
	author = {Barðdal, Jóhanna and Smitherman, Thomas and Bjarnadóttir, Valgerður and Danesi, Serena and Jenset, Gard B. and McGillivray, Barbara},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {511--547},
}

@misc{noauthor_beitrage_nodate,
	title = {Beiträge zur {Iranistik} : {Topics} in {Iranian} {Linguistics}},
	url = {https://reichert-verlag.de/buchreihen/sprachwissenschaft_reihen/sprachwissenschaft_beitraege_zur_iranistik/9783895008269_topics_in_iranian_linguistics-detail},
	urldate = {2018-11-13},
}

@incollection{stilo_donald_dikin_2018,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	edition = {Saloumeh Gholami},
	title = {Dikin {Marâqei} {Tati} of {Alamut}: an undocumented conservative {Tati} {Language}.},
	booktitle = {Endangered {Iranian} {Languages}},
	publisher = {Reichert Verlag},
	author = {{Stilo, Donald}},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {41--69},
}

@article{yarshater_dialect_1959,
	title = {The dialect of {Shahrud} ({Khalkhāl})1},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1474-0699, 0041-977X},
	url = {http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/dialect-of-shahrud-khalkhal1/1C83FD92C961DE1F502F31939370888E},
	doi = {10.1017/S0041977X00076126},
	abstract = {The object of this paper is to give preliminary information about Shāhrudi, one of the Iranian dialects spoken in Khalkhāl, the south-eastern province of Āzarbāijān lying between the Caspian province of Tālesh to the east, Ardabil to the north, Zanjān to the south, and Miyāna(j) to the west.Our information about the Iranian dialects of Āzarbāijān, where a form of Turkish is the common language, has until recently been very defective. The scanty material available was summed up by Professor W. B. Henning in a recent article. Since then, however, several studies of the current dialects of Āzarbāijān have been published.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-11-05},
	journal = {Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies},
	author = {Yarshater, E.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1959},
	pages = {52--68},
}

@incollection{noauthor_topic_nodate,
	title = {Topic, pronoun and grammatical agreement},
}

@article{yarshater_taleshi_1996,
	title = {The {Taleshi} of {Asālem}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {0221-5004},
	url = {http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2003967},
	doi = {10.2143/SI.25.1.2003967},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
	journal = {Studia Iranica},
	author = {Yarshater, Ehsan},
	month = jan,
	year = {1996},
	pages = {83--113},
}

@misc{noauthor_bulac_nodate,
	title = {{BULAC} catalog › {Details} for: {On} the verbal system in three iranian dialects of {Fârs}},
	url = {https://koha.bulac.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=258216},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
}

@misc{noauthor_bulac_nodate-1,
	title = {{BULAC} catalog › {MARC} details for record no. 258216},
	url = {https://koha.bulac.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-MARCdetail.pl?biblionumber=258216#},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
}

@misc{noauthor_bulac_nodate-2,
	title = {{BULAC} catalog › {MARC} details for record no. 248044},
	url = {https://koha.bulac.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-MARCdetail.pl?biblionumber=248044},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
}

@misc{noauthor_bulac_nodate-3,
	title = {{BULAC} catalog › {Details} for: {Davân}},
	url = {https://koha.bulac.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=254750},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
}

@misc{noauthor_bulac_nodate-4,
	title = {{BULAC} catalog › {MARC} details for record no. 248044},
	url = {https://koha.bulac.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-MARCdetail.pl?biblionumber=248044},
	urldate = {2018-06-23},
}

@misc{noauthor_baktiari_nodate,
	title = {{BAḴTĪĀRĪ} {TRIBE} – {Encyclopaedia} {Iranica}},
	url = {http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baktiari-tribe#pt2},
	urldate = {2018-06-13},
}

@book{anonby_bakhtiari_2014,
	address = {Uppsala},
	series = {Studia {Iranica} {Upsaliensia}},
	title = {Bakhtiari studies: phonology, text, lexicon},
	isbn = {978-91-554-9094-2},
	shorttitle = {Bakhtiari studies},
	language = {eng},
	number = {24},
	publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
	author = {Anonby, Erik John and Asadi, Ashraf},
	year = {2014},
}

@article{avgustinova_bulgarian_1994,
	title = {On {Bulgarian} {Verbal} {Clitics}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599023},
	abstract = {An analysis of clitic word order is proposed, based on the division of Bulgarian verb-complex clitics into core and peripheral with respect to the clitic cluster formation. Taking into account inherent prosodic properties, the treatment of the "movable" core clitics is separated from that of the peripheral strictly proclitic and strictly enclitic elements, which allows for attribution of apparently problematic clitic placements to the interaction of the two types.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Avgustinova, Tania},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {29--47},
}

@book{dorn_uber_1879,
	address = {Saint Petersburg},
	title = {Über die semnanische {Mundart}},
	language = {ger},
	publisher = {Acad. impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg},
	author = {Dorn, Bernhard},
	year = {1879},
}

@article{schnell_assessing_nodate,
	title = {Assessing the relationship between object topicalisation and the grammaticalisation of object agreement},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/10604443/Assessing_the_relationship_between_object_topicalisation_and_the_grammaticalisation_of_object_agreement},
	abstract = {The view that object agreement evolves out of the grammaticalisation of object pronouns, and is facilitated by object topicalisation, has remained extremely influential since Givòn (1976). This paper investigates the plausibility of such a scenario},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-05-25},
	journal = {Selected papers from the 44th Conference of the Australian Linguistics Society, edited by Lauren Gawne and Jill Vaughan. Persistent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/40959},
	author = {Schnell, Stefan and Haig, Geoffrey},
}

@article{haig_ergativity_nodate,
	title = {Ergativity in {Iranian}},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/15321950/Ergativity_in_Iranian},
	abstract = {Ergativity in Iranian},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-05-25},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
}

@article{hale_old_1988,
	title = {{OLD} {PERSIAN} {WORD} {ORDER}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0019-7246},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24655119},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Indo-Iranian Journal},
	author = {HALE, MARK},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {27--40},
}

@article{iatridou_clitics_1988,
	title = {Clitics, {Anaphors}, and a {Problem} of {Coindexation}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {0024-3892},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4178603},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
	author = {Iatridou, Sabine},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {698--703},
}

@article{lenertova_czech_2004,
	title = {Czech {Pronominal} {Clitics}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599870},
	abstract = {This article explores the empirical properties of Czech pronominal clitics, which differ from their counterparts in other second position (2P) clitic languages (such as Serbian/Croatian) in a number of respects. After looking at clitic-first and clitic-third phenomena and their semantic/pragmatic impact, it is argued that Czech clitic placement must be basically driven by syntax, and that 2P is a heterogeneous structure in which pronominal clitics occupy a TP-external position below clitic auxiliaries but higher than the copula. The linear ordering of pronominal clitics within their cluster has a certain limited flexibility due to phonological requirements, which affect both monoclausal clitic placement and clitic climbing. Finally, the empirical details of clitic climbing in Czech are discussed, showing that it cannot be reduced to movement for case checking or to the phenomenon of restructuring known from Romance languages.},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Lenertová, Denisa},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {135--171},
}

@article{franks_pronominal_2004,
	title = {Pronominal {Clitics} in {Slavic}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599867},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Franks, Steven and Junghanns, Uwe and Law, Paul},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {3--36},
}

@article{tortora_romance_2002,
	title = {Romance {Enclisis}, {Prepositions}, and {Aspect}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0167-806X},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4047998},
	abstract = {This paper provides evidence that supports the view, argued for independently by various authors (including Kayne 1989, 1991; Martins 1994; Uriagereka 1995), that direct object clitics in Romance are independent syntactic elements adjoined to functional heads. In particular, I show that an array of puzzling facts involving potential clitic hosts in a Northern Italian dialect can be understood once we adopt the view that object clitics must be taken to independently occupy distinct functional heads (in spite of phonological indications to the contrary). To show this, I establish that certain adverbs in this language occupy fixed positions within the clause. Once these positions are identified, I use them as probes to understand the position of the clitic. This paper also explores an independent consequence of this explanation of clitic placement: the position of argument prepositions with respect to the fixed object clitic indicates that there is an 'Aspectual Phrase' in the clause's functional structure. I show that argument prepositions move from their base positions within VP to a functional projection which encodes the semantics of telicity, in contrast with non-argument prepositions (location adverbials), which do not exhibit such movement.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Natural Language \& Linguistic Theory},
	author = {Tortora, Christina},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {725--758},
}

@article{strozer_so-called_1978,
	title = {On the {So}-{Called} "{Dative} of {Interest}"},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {0018-2133},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/339957},
	doi = {10.2307/339957},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Hispania},
	author = {Strozer, Judith},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {117--123},
}

@article{simoes_clitic_2006,
	title = {Clitic {Attachment} in {Brazilian} {Portuguese}},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {0018-2133},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063319},
	doi = {10.2307/20063319},
	abstract = {Teaching and learning the placement of clitics in Brazilian Portuguese is a challenge, especially in written language, because of the many rules of clitic placement that characterize Portuguese normative grammars. These normative rules are applied more uniformly in Portugal than in Brazil because they were based originally on Peninsular Portuguese prosody. But regardless of how uniform they may be in Portugal, normative rules of clitic placement are a challenge to non-native speakers of Portuguese. The present study proposes a simplified approach to teaching normative rules to non-native students of Brazilian Portuguese, in the written and spoken language alike, based on a single rule of pronoun attachment.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Hispania},
	author = {Simões, Antônio R. M.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {380--389},
}

@article{pancheva_rise_2005,
	title = {The {Rise} and {Fall} of {Second}-{Position} {Clitics}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0167-806X},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4048018},
	abstract = {[Historical accounts of the phenomenon of cliticization have previously documented only the loss of second-position clitics. This paper argues that the history of Bulgarian offers evidence for the rise of a second-position clitic system. It is demonstrated that the second-position clitics of Old Bulgarian were not directly inherited from Indo-European, but emerged from a system of post-verbal clitics. The findings provide evidence against the position that independent historical laws govern 'natural' directions of language change. In particular, they challenge the belief in the uniform tendency for clitics to develop into inflectional affixes. Instead, the findings suggest that language change reflects competition between grammatical options, which instantiate principles and parameters of UG based on the properties of the learning algorithm and the nature of the linguistic input, and which are not intrinsically ranked. An analysis of the historical change that led to the development of second-position clitics in Old Bulgarian is proposed that implicates a switch in the parameter of headedness of TP. Clitics in both the old and new grammars are attracted by \$\{{\textbackslash}rm T\}{\textasciicircum}\{0\}\$. A change in the position of \$\{{\textbackslash}rm T\}{\textasciicircum}\{0\}\$ relative to its complement triggers the reanalysis of clitics from pronominals forming a complex head with \$\{{\textbackslash}rm V\}{\textasciicircum}\{0\}\$ to pronominals moving to the left edge of TP. The non-branching status of clitics makes them category-ambiguous (\$\{{\textbackslash}rm D\}{\textasciicircum}\{0\}/\{{\textbackslash}rm DP\}\$), which allows them to merge in the syntactic structure as either heads or maximal projections. The paper also traces the eventual loss of the second-position clitic system in Bulgarian and argues that changes in the grammar of phrasal movement, specifically the loss of topicalization to Spec, TP, trigger the syntactic reanalysis of clitics from arguments moved and adjoined to TP, into adjuncts to functional heads in the extended projection of \$\{{\textbackslash}rm V\}{\textasciicircum}\{0\}\$, resulting in the modern pre-verbal clitic system.]},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Natural Language \& Linguistic Theory},
	author = {Pancheva, Roumyana},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {103--167},
}

@article{avgustinova_bulgarian_1994-1,
	title = {On {Bulgarian} {Verbal} {Clitics}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599023},
	abstract = {An analysis of clitic word order is proposed, based on the division of Bulgarian verb-complex clitics into core and peripheral with respect to the clitic cluster formation. Taking into account inherent prosodic properties, the treatment of the "movable" core clitics is separated from that of the peripheral strictly proclitic and strictly enclitic elements, which allows for attribution of apparently problematic clitic placements to the interaction of the two types.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Avgustinova, Tania},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {29--47},
}

@article{pescarini_elsewhere_2010,
	title = {Elsewhere in {Romance}: {Evidence} from {Clitic} {Clusters}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0024-3892},
	shorttitle = {Elsewhere in {Romance}},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40926387},
	abstract = {This article focuses on sequences of Romance clitics wherein a pronominal form is replaced by another clitic exponent, which is prima facie morphologically unmotivated. Bonet (1991) and Harris (1994) among others have argued that these synthetic clusters can be due to the insertion of an elsewhere clitic: a default, nonspecified item that is inserted as a last resort whenever the insertion of other clitics is ruled out. In this article, independent pieces of evidence gathered from Italian and Italian dialects are shown to support this hypothesis.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
	author = {Pescarini, Diego},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {427--444},
}

@incollection{Witzlack-MakarevichSerzant2018,
  author    = {Alena Witzlack-Makarevich and Ilja A. Seržant},
  title     = {Differential Argument Marking: Patterns of Variation},
  booktitle = {Diachrony of Differential Argument Marking},
  editor    = {Ilja A. Seržant and Alena Witzlack-Makarevich},
  pages     = {1--40},
  year      = {2018},
  publisher = {Language Science Press},
  address   = {Berlin},
  series    = {Studies in Diversity Linguistics},
  volume    = {19},
  doi       = {10.5281/ZENODO.1228243},
}

@book{Bhatia1993,
  author    = {Tej K. Bhatia},
  year      = {1993},
  title     = {Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  address   = {London}
}

@unpublished{Mohammadirad2025ICKL,
title = {{Differential case marking on oblique arguments in Hewramî}, Paper presented at \textit{Seventh International Conference on Kurdish Linguistics (ICKL 7)}, Bamberg University, 28-29 August 2025},
author = {Mohammadirad, Masoud},
year = {2025},
month = {8},
day = {28-29}
}

@book{Bossong1985,
  author    = {Georg Bossong},
  year      = {1985},
  title     = {Empirische Universalienforschung. Differentielle Objektmarkierung in den neuiranischen Sprachen},
  publisher = {Narr},
  address   = {Tübingen}
}


@article{boskovic_clitic_2004,
	title = {Clitic {Placement} in {South} {Slavic}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599868},
	abstract = {The paper examines clitic placement and the nature of clitic clustering in Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, and Macedonian. It is argued that Serbo-Croatian clitics do not cluster syntactically; they are located in different projections in the syntax. The order of clitics within the clitic cluster is argued to follow from the hierarchical arrangement of projections in which they are located. The paper also provides a principled account of the idiosyncratic behavior of the auxiliary clitic je, which in contrast to other auxiliary clitics follows pronominal clitics. In contrast to Serbo-Croatian clitics, Bulgarian and Macedonian clitics are argued to cluster in the same head position in the final syntactic representation. The cluster is formed through successive cyclic leftward adjunctions of clitics to the verb, in accordance with the Linear Correspondence Axiom. Following Chomsky's (1994) suggestion that clitics are ambiguous head/phrasal elements, it is argued that clitics do not branch, hence cannot take complements. This claim leads to a new proposal concerning the structural representation of several clitic forms.},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2018-05-09},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Bošković, Željko},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {37--90},
}

@article{tomic_south_2004,
	title = {The {South} {Slavic} {Pronominal} {Clitics}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1068-2090},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/24599872},
	abstract = {The paper highlights several prominent aspects of pronominal clitics in Balkan Slavic. The author posits a common South-Slavic underlying structure, in which the pronominal clitics are derived in head-positions of KP phrases, from where they move to the second-position clitic-cluster. In Macedonian and Bulgarian, the KPs are subsequently replaced by DPs and the pronominal clitics come to be generated as heads of AgrO and AgrIO. In clitic-doubling structures, they check the features of the XP*s with which they associate, the checking being done by raising the XPs to the specifiers of the phrases projected by the clitics. While in most European languages the pronominal clitics occur in either second or pre-verbal position, the Macedonian pronominal clitics occur in either, the type of clitichood following from the morphological features of the head of the clause. In imperative clauses, the pronominal clitics of all the South Slavic languages are, however, enclitic. The fact that the behavior of the Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian pronominal clitics does not change when the mood of the clause is changed can be explained through the assumption that Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian have weak Mood operators—whatever rules apply for the derivation of indicative clauses with clitics also apply for the derivation of imperative clauses with clitics. The behavior of the Macedonian and Bulgarian pronominal clitics in negative imperative clauses can also be explained through the strength of an operator—the Neg operator. The position of the Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian negation operator relative to the verb and the pronominal clitics can, however, be accounted for if one assumes that the phonologically deficient negation operator and the verb form a negative verb in the lexicon.},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2018-05-07},
	journal = {Journal of Slavic Linguistics},
	author = {Tomić, Olga Mišeska},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {213--248},
}

@article{nikolaeva_object_1999,
	title = {Object {Agreement}, {Grammatical} {Relations}, and {Information} {Structure}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0378-4177, 1569-9978},
	url = {http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/sl.23.2.05nik},
	doi = {10.1075/sl.23.2.05nik},
	abstract = {Northern Ostyak (Uralic) has optional object agreement. This paper analyzes the grammatical behavior of objects that trigger agreement and objects that do not, and demonstrates that while the former participate in certain syntactic processes, the latter are syntactically inert. The asymmetry cannot be explained with reference to semantics or argument status, as both objects bear an identical argument relationship to the predicate. Following the functional approach to language, under which the clause has three independent representational levels (syntax, semantics, and information structure), I suggest that the two objects differ in their information structure status. The object that does not trigger agreement bears the focus function, and systematically corresponds to the focus position. It is further argued that virtually all grammatical relations in Ostyak demonstrate reduced syntactic activity when they are in focus. This leads to a search for an information structure-driven motivation for certain behavioral properties.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2018-04-16},
	journal = {Studies in Language. International Journal sponsored by the Foundation “Foundations of Language”},
	author = {Nikolaeva, Irina},
	month = jan,
	year = {1999},
	pages = {331--376},
}

@article{bickel_grammatical_2010,
	title = {Grammatical {Relations} {Typology}},
	url = {http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199281251-e-020},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199281251.013.0020},
	abstract = {This article outlines the typological variables that define or condition specific grammatical relations (GRs). It specifically discusses the relational roles and the referential properties of arguments. The article also reports the kinds of constructions that have GRs, and explores the interactions between GR definitions in different constructions. It then briefly addresses issues of worldwide distributions, and provides suggestions for future research. There is a common principle in the way referential features affect GR specifications. The properties of conjunction reduction are presented. The statistical evidence for referential hierarchy effects on case alignment is weak. GRs hold in constructions and not in languages. It is virtually impossible to estimate a priori which values on which variables will reveal significant clusters worldwide. The variables described in this article are meant to help in this work by providing a toolkit for comparing GRs across constructions in a single language, as well as across languages.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-04-16},
	journal = {The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology},
	author = {Bickel, Balthasar},
	month = nov,
	year = {2010},
}

@book{noauthor_usage_nodate,
	title = {Usage {Based} {Models} of {Language}},
	url = {http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/U/bo3624529.html},
	abstract = {How do humans learn how to speak and understand language? For years, linguists have developed numerous models in attempts to explain humans' ability to communicate through language. Historically, these approaches were rooted and restricted in rule-based linguistic representations. Only recently has the field of linguistics been willing to forego formal representations and models to accommodate the usage-based perspective of studying language. Deviating from traditional methods, the contributions presented in this volume are among the first works to approach linguistic theory by developing and utilizing usage-based models. The contributing authors were among the principal leaders in their fields to leave behind rule-based linguistic representations in favor of constraint-based systems whose structural properties actually emerge from usage. The volume begins with an introductory chapter that defines contributors' interpretations of usage-based models and theories of language. The reason for the shift from formal linguistic theories to the gradual acceptance of usage-based models is also examined. Using methods such as Cognitive Grammar, the Lexical Network Model, Competition Model, Relational Network Theory, and Accessibility Theory, the selected works demonstrate how usage-based models evince far greater cognitive and neurological plausibility than algorithmic, generative models.},
	urldate = {2018-04-16},
}

@incollection{bickel_patterns_2013,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Patterns of alignment in verb agreement},
	copyright = {info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess},
	url = {http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/79050/},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2018-04-16},
	booktitle = {Languages across boundaries : {Studies} in memory of {Anna} {Siewierska}},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	author = {Bickel, Balthasar and Iemmolo, Giorgio and Zakharko, Taras and Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena},
	editor = {Bakker, Dik and Haspelmath, Martin},
	year = {2013},
	doi = {info:doi/10.5167/uzh-79050},
	pages = {15--36},
}

@article{gershevitch_dialect_1964,
	title = {{DIALECT} {VARIATION} {IN} {EARLY} {PERSIAN}},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1467-968X},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1964.tb01005.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-968X.1964.tb01005.x},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-04-16},
	journal = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
	author = {Gershevitch, Ilya},
	month = nov,
	year = {1964},
	pages = {1--29},
}

@article{pelevin_materials_2010,
	title = {Materials on the {Bandari} {Dialect}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1609-8498},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25703833},
	abstract = {In this paper, a short description of the main phonological and morphological features of Bandari, a dialect spoken in Bandar 'Abbās (Hormozgān province in Iran), is supplemented with new materials recorded by the author, including a Glossary (about 400 items) with parallels from closely related South-Iranian dialects, and texts of three popular songs.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2018-04-13},
	journal = {Iran \& the Caucasus},
	author = {Pelevin, Mikhail},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {57--78},
}

@misc{noauthor_handbook_nodate,
	title = {The {Handbook} of {Morphology}},
	url = {https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Handbook+of+Morphology-p-9780631226949},
	abstract = {Interest in morphology has undergone rapid growth over the past two decades and the area is now seen as crucially important, both in relation to other aspects of grammar and in relation to other disciplines.},
	language = {en-us},
	urldate = {2018-04-05},
	journal = {Wiley.com},
}

@book{mann_tajik-mundarten_1909,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {Kurdisch-{Persische} {Forschungen}},
	title = {Die {Tājīk}-{Mundarten} der {Provinz} {Fārs}},
	language = {ger},
	publisher = {Georg Reimer},
	author = {Mann, Oskar},
	year = {1909},
	keywords = {Fars, Iran, Lorestan, Tajik, dialecte},
}

@article{haig_ergativity_nodate-1,
	title = {Ergativity in {Iranian}},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/15321950/Ergativity_in_Iranian},
	abstract = {Ergativity in Iranian},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
}

@misc{noauthor_jahani_nodate,
	title = {Jahani, {Carina} : {The} {Baloch} and {Others}},
	url = {http://reichert-verlag.de/de/autor/j/jahani_carina/9783895005916_the_baloch_and_others-detail},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
}

@article{opengin_adpositions_2013,
	title = {Adpositions and {Argument} {Indexing} in the {Mukri} {Variety} of {Central} {Kurdish} : {Focus} on {Ditransitive} {Constructions}},
	volume = {61},
	shorttitle = {Adpositions and {Argument} {Indexing} in the {Mukri} {Variety} of {Central} {Kurdish}},
	url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203436},
	abstract = {DiVA portal is a finding tool for research publications and student theses written at the following 47 universities and research institutions.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
	journal = {Orientalia Suecana},
	author = {Öpengin, Ergin},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {187--198},
}

@article{mackenzie_bajani_1956,
	title = {Bāǰalānī},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {0041-977X},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/610108},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
	journal = {Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London},
	author = {MacKenzie, David},
	year = {1956},
	pages = {418--435},
}

@book{christensen_dialecte_1915,
	address = {København},
	title = {Le dialecte de {Sämnān}: essai d'une grammaire sämnānīe, avec un vocabulaire et quelques textes suivi d'une notice sur les patois de {Sängsar} et de {Lāsgird}},
	shorttitle = {Le dialecte de {Sämnān}},
	language = {fre},
	publisher = {A.F. Høst \& Søn},
	author = {Christensen, Arthur},
	year = {1915},
}

@article{bubenik_interpretation_1989,
	title = {An {Interpretation} of {Split} {Ergativity} in {Indo}-{Iranian} {Languages}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {0176-4225, 1569-9714},
	url = {http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/dia.6.2.03bub},
	doi = {10.1075/dia.6.2.03bub},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2018-02-06},
	journal = {Diachronica},
	author = {Bubenik, Vit},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {181--212},
}

@book{blau_kurde_nodate,
	title = {˜{Le} œkurde lori},
	language = {fre},
	author = {Blau, Joyce},
	keywords = {Kurdistan, Lorestan, dialecte, kurde, lori},
}

@book{frye_historical_nodate,
	title = {˜{An} œhistorical problem in the study of the dialects of {Fars}},
	language = {eng},
	author = {Frye, R. N.},
	keywords = {Fars, Iran, dialecte, gilaki, lari, taleshi},
}

@book{lecoq_recherches_2002,
	address = {Lovanii},
	series = {Acta {Iranica}},
	title = {Recherches sur les dialectes {Kermaniens} ({Iran} central): grammaire, textes, traductions et glossaires},
	isbn = {978-90-429-1173-4},
	shorttitle = {Recherches sur les dialectes {Kermaniens} ({Iran} central)},
	language = {fre per},
	number = {39},
	publisher = {Peeters},
	author = {Lecoq, Pierre},
	year = {2002},
}

@book{haig_alignment_2008,
	address = {Berlin New York},
	series = {Empirical approaches to language typology},
	title = {Alignment change in {Iranian} languages: a construction grammar approach},
	isbn = {978-3-11-019586-6},
	shorttitle = {Alignment change in {Iranian} languages},
	language = {eng},
	number = {37},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	author = {Haig, Geoffrey},
	year = {2008},
}