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@book{jun2005,
editor = {Jun, Sun-Ah},
title = {Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing},
location = {Oxford},
publisher = {Oxford University Press}, 
year = {2005}, 
}

@book{jun2014,
editor = {Jun, Sun-Ah},
title = {Prosodic Typology {II}: {T}he Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing},
location = {Oxford},
publisher = {Oxford University Press}, 
year = {2014}, 
}



@unpublished{tancredi1990,
	author = {Tancredi, Christopher D.},
	note = {Manuscript, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Not only {{{E}}{V}{{{E}}}N}, but even {O{N}{L}Y}},
	year = {1990}
}

@unpublished{owolabi1981focus,
	author = {Owolabi, Kola},
	note = {Presented at the Linguistics and African Languages Department Seminar, University of Ibadan},
	pages = {45--61},
	title = {Focus constructions as noun phrases: {{A}} critique},
	year = {1981}
}

@unpublished{laniran1988modeling,
	author = {Laniran, Yetunde Olabisi},
	note = {Ms., Cornell University},
	title = {Modeling intonation in a tone language},
	year = {1988}
}

@unpublished{Adeniyi2010,
	author = {Adeniyi, Harrison},
	note = {Paper presented at the Research Institute for World Languages, Osaka University},
	title = {The {Y}oruba dialects in {W}est {A}frica and beyond},
	year = {2010}
}

@phdthesis{yip1980tonal,
	author = {Yip, Moira},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	title = {The tonal phonology of {C}hinese},
	year = {1980}
}

@phdthesis{wespel08,
	author = {Wespel, Johannes},
	school = {Universität Stuttgart},
	title = {French-related creoles},
	year = {2008}
}

@phdthesis{tano2017,
	author = {Tano, Angoua Jean-Jacques},
	school = {Leiden University},
	title = {Étude d’une langue des signes émergente de {{Côte}} d’{I}voire: {{L}}’exemple de la {Langue} des Signes de {Bouakako} ({L}a{S}i{B}o)},
	year = {2017}
}

@phdthesis{snider2017,
	author = {Snider, Todd Nathaniel},
	school = {Cornell University},
	title = {Anaphoric Reference to Propositions},
	year = {2017}
}

@phdthesis{schwarz09,
	author = {Schwarz, Florian},
	school = {University of Massachusetts Amherst},
	title = {Two types of definites in natural language},
	year = {2009}
}

@phdthesis{ross1967constraints,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Ross, John Robert},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	title = {Constraints on variables in syntax},
	year = {1967}
}

@phdthesis{rooth1985,
	author = {Mats Rooth},
	school = {University of Massachusetts Amherst},
	title = {Association with focus},
	year = {1985}
}

@phdthesis{rolle2018,
	author = {Nicholas Rolle},
	school = {UC Berkeley},
	title = {Grammatical tone: {T}ypology and theory},
	year = {2018}
}

@phdthesis{robinson2005,
	author = {Robinson, Heather Merle},
	school = {Rutgers University},
	title = {Unexpected (in)definiteness: {{P}}lural generic expressions in {Romance}},
	year = {2005}
}

@phdthesis{owusu2022cross,
	author = {Owusu, Augustina P.},
	school = {Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey},
	title = {Cross-categorial definiteness/familiarity},
	year = {2022}
}

@phdthesis{nyst2007,
	author = {Nyst, Victoria},
	school = {University of Amsterdam},
	title = {A descriptive study of {Adomorobe} {Sign} {Language}},
	year = {2007}
}

@phdthesis{nkemnji1995heavy,
	author = {Nkemnji, Michael Akamin},
	school = {University of California, Los Angeles},
	title = {Heavy pied-piping in {N}weh},
	year = {1995},
    ids = {nkemnji1995}
}

@phdthesis{nchare2012,
	author = {Abdoulaye Laziz Nchare},
	school = {New York University},
	title = {The grammar of {S}hupamem},
	year = {2012}
}

@phdthesis{msaka2019nominal,
	author = {Msaka, Peter Kondwani},
	school = {Stellenbosch, South Africa: Stellenbosch University},
	title = {Nominal classification in {B}antu revisited: {T}he perspective from {C}hichewa},
	year = {2019}
}

@phdthesis{marfo2005aspects,
	author = {Marfo, Charles},
	school = {University of Hong Kong},
	title = {Aspects of {A}kan grammar and the phonology-syntax interface},
	year = {2005}
}

@phdthesis{mamadou2023,
	author = {Mamadou, Tajudeen},
	school = {Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey},
	title = {Tone and Intonation Modeling in {A}frican Tone Languages},
	year = {2023}
}

@phdthesis{lutalokiingi2012,
	author = {Lutalo-Kiingi, Samuel},
	school = {University of Central Lancashire, UK},
	title = {Morpho-Syntax of {Ugandan} {Sign} {Language}},
	year = {2012}
}

@phdthesis{lartey2020neurolinguistic,
	author = {Lartey, Nathaniel},
	school = {University of Groningen},
	title = {A neurolinguistic approach to pronominal resumption in {A}kan focus constructions},
	year = {2020}
}

@phdthesis{laniran1992intonation,
	address = {Ithaca},
	author = {Laniran, Yetunde Olabisi},
	publisher = {DMLL Publications},
	school = {Cornell University},
	title = {Intonation in tone languages: {T}he phonetic implementation of tones in {Y}oruba},
	year = {1992}
}


@phdthesis{kaldhol2024,
	author = {Kaldhol, Nina Hagen},
	school = {University of California San Diego},
	title = {Tonal Dimensions of Morphological Complexity},
	year = {2024}
}

@phdthesis{ilori2010nominal,
	author = {Johnson Folorunso Ilori},
	school = {Postgraduate School of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko},
	title = {Nominal Constructions in {I}gálà and {Y}orùbá},
	year = {2010}
}

@phdthesis{hedberg1990discourse,
	author = {Hedberg, Nancy },
	school = {University of Minnesota},
	title = {Discourse pragmatics and cleft sentences in {{E}}nglish},
	year = {1990}
}

@phdthesis{hacquard2006aspects,
	author = {Hacquard, Valentine},
	school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	title = {Aspects of Modality},
	year = {2006}
}

@phdthesis{genzel2013lexical,
	author = {Genzel, Susanne},
	school = {Universität Potsdam},
	title = {Lexical and post-lexical tones in {A}kan},
	year = {2013}
}

@phdthesis{fresco1970tones,
	author = {Fresco, Edward M.},
	school = {University of California, Los Angeles},
	title = {Tones in {Y}oruba dialect phonology},
	year = {1970}
}

@phdthesis{fominyam2021,
	author = {Fominyam, Henry},
	school = {Potsdam University},
	title = {Aspects of {{Awing}} Grammar and Information Structure},
	type = {Ph.{D}. dissertation},
	year = {2021}
}

@phdthesis{bassong2014,
	author = {Bassong, Paul Roger},
	school = {University of Yaoundé, Cameroon},
	title = {Information Structure and the {B}asa’a Left Peripheral Syntax},
	year = {2014}
}

@phdthesis{bailey2013syntax,
	author = {Bailey, Laura Rudall},
	school = {Newcastle University},
	title = {The syntax of question particles},
	year = {2013}
}

@phdthesis{bartels1997towards,
	author = {Bartels, Christine},
	publisher = {University of Massachusetts Amherst},
	title = {Towards a compositional interpretation of {{E}}nglish statement and question intonation},
	year = {1997}
}

@phdthesis{atintono2013semantics,
	author = {Atintono, Samuel Awinkene},
	school = {University of Manchester},
	title = {The Semantics and Grammar of Positional Verbs in {G}urenɛ: {{A}} Typological Perspective},
	year = {2013}
}

@phdthesis{ansre1966,
	author = {Ansre, Gilbert},
	school = {SOAS, University of London},
	title = {The Grammatical Units of {{E}}we: {{A}} study of their Structure, classes and systems},
	year = {1966}
}

@phdthesis{anderson1983,
	author = {Anderson, Stephen C.},
	school = {University of Southern California},
	title = {Tone and morpheme rules in {Bamileke}-{Ngyemboon}},
	year = {1983}
}

@phdthesis{ameka1991,
	author = {Ameka, Felix K.},
	school = {Australian National University},
	title = {{Ewe}: {{I}}ts Grammatical Constructions and Illocutionary Devices},
	year = {1991}
}

@phdthesis{amaechi2020movement,
	author = {Amaechi, Mary C.},
	school = {Universität Potsdam},
	title = {A'-movement dependencies and their reflexes in {I}gbo},
	year = {2020}
}

@phdthesis{alo1991chaabe,
	author = {Alo, Paulin},
	school = {Université Lumière Lyon 2},
	title = {Etude phonétique et phonologique du {C}abé, un parler {Y}oruba},
	year = {1991}
}

@phdthesis{akinlabi1985underspecification,
	author = {Akinlabi, Akinbiyi},
	school = {{University of Ibadan}},
	title = {Underspecification of tones in {{Yoruba}}},
	year = {1985}
}

@phdthesis{adewole1988categorial,
	author = {Adew{ọ}le, Lawrence Olufemi},
	school = {University of Edinburgh},
	title = {The categorial status and the functions of the {{Yoruba}} auxiliary verbs with some structural analysis in {G{P}{S}G}},
	year = {1988}
}

@phdthesis{adetugbo1967yoruba,
	author = {Adetugbo, Abiodun},
	school = {Columbia University},
	title = {The {Y}orùbá language in {W}estern {N}igeria: {I}ts major dialect areas},
	year = {1967}
}

@phdthesis{adesola2005pronouns,
	author = {Oluseye Adesola},
	school = {Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J.},
	title = {Pronouns and null operators: {A}-bar dependencies and relations in {Yorùbá}},
	year = {2005}
}

@phdthesis{abubakari2018aspects,
	author = {Abubakari, Hasiyatu},
	school = {University of Wien},
	title = {Aspects of {K}usaal Grammar: {{T}}he Syntax-Information Structure Interface},
	year = {2018}
}

@phdthesis{Maho1999,
	author = {Maho, Jouni Filip},
	school = {Göteborg University},
	title = {A typological survey of noun classes in {B}antu},
	year = {1999}
}

@phdthesis{Keupdjio2020,
	ids = {keupdjio2020},
	author = {Keupdjio, Hermann},
	school = {University of British Columbia},
        address = {Vancouver},
	title = {The syntax of {A}’ dependecies in {Bamileke} {Medumba}},
	year = {2020}
}


@phdthesis{Grubic2015,
	author = {Grubic, Mira},
	school = {University of Potsdam},
	title = {Focus and {A}lternative {S}ensitivity in {N}gamo ({W}est-{C}hadic)},
	type = {Doctoral dissertation},
	year = {2015}
}

@phdthesis{Carstens1991,
	author = {Carstens, Vicki},
	school = {University of California, Los Angeles},
	title = {The morphology and syntax of determiner phrases in {K}iswahili},
	year = {1991}
}

@online{worldpopulationreview2023ghana,
	author = {World~Population~Review},
	title = {{Ghana} Population 2023: {{G}}hana Demographics},
	url = {https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/ghana-population},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	year = {2023}
}

@online{joshuaproject2022konkomba,
	author = {Joshua~Project},
	title = {Konkomba people group in all countries},
	url = {https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10842},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	year = {2022}
}

@misc{torchon2012,
	author = {Tasha Torchon},
	howpublished = {BA thesis, Yale University},
	title = {Predicate and nominal clefts in {H}aitian {C}reole},
	year = {2012}
}

@misc{krivz2017referentiality,
	author = {Križ, Manuel},
	note = {Manuscript, Institut Jean-Nicod},
	title = {Referentiality, exhaustivity, and trivalence in it-clefts},
	year = {2017}
}

@misc{hirsch2018disjoining,
	author = {Hirsch, Aron},
	note = {Manuscript, McGill University},
	title = {Disjoining questions},
	year = {2018}
}

@misc{buring2000aren,
	author = {Büring, Daniel and Gunlogson, Christine},
	note = {Manuscript, University of Rochester and UCLA},
	title = {Aren't positive and negative polar questions the same?},
	year = {2000}
}

@misc{boersma2017praat,
	author = {Boersma, Paul and Weenink, David},
	note = {(Version 6.0.24), retrieved from},
	title = {Praat: {{D}}oing phonetics by computer [Computer program]},
	url = {http://www.praat.org/},
	year = {2017}
}

@misc{Mamadou2013NumeralsChaabe,
	author = {Tajudeen Mamadou},
	note = {Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin (BA Thesis)},
	title = {{La} Numération en chaabɛ},
	year = {2013}
}

@misc{kouankem_contrastive_2013,
	author = {Kouankem, Constantine and Zimmermann, Malte},
	note = {Paper presented at Universiteit van Amsterdam, ATW-Lezing},
	title = {Contrastive {F}{O}{C}{{U}}{S} and verb doubling in {Mə̀dʉ́mbɑ̀}},
	year = {2013}
}

@mastersthesis{watters1993,
	author = {Watters, Kathie},
	school = {University of Nairobi},
	title = {The status and function of tone in {Tira}},
	year = {1993}
}

@mastersthesis{jayaseelan2008question,
	address = {Hyderabad},
	author = {Jayaseelan, Karattuparambil A.},
	school = {English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad},
	title = {Question particles and disjunction},
	year = {2008}
}

@mastersthesis{idohou2009IntrregationChaabe,
	author = {Boni Idohou},
	school = {Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin},
	title = {A Propos des Pronoms de l'Interrogation en Cabɛ},
	year = {2009}
}

@mastersthesis{arkoh2011,
	author = {Arkoh, Ruby Becky},
	school = {University of British Columbia},
	title = {Semantics of {A}kan \textit{bi} and \textit{nʊ}},
	year = {2011}
}

@manual{bayesianStats2021,
	author = {Hamada S. Badr and Paul C. Bürkner},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6654386},
	journal = {Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)},
	title = {{{Bayesian}}: {{B}}indings for {{Bayesian}} {TidyM}odels},
	url = {https://hsbadr.github.io/bayesian/},
	year = {2021}
}

@inproceedings{zimmermann2015scalar,
	author = {Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {I}srael {A}ssociation for {T}heoretical {L}inguistics 31},
	editor = {Bar‐Asher‐Sigal, Elitzur A.},
	pages = {123--152},
	series = {MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 82},
	title = {Scalar particles and contrastive topics in {{E}}nglish and {V}ietnamese},
	year = {2015}
}

@inproceedings{zimmermann2006adverbial,
	author = {Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {S}inn und {B}edeutung},
	editor = {Christian Ebert and Cornelia Endriss},
	pages = {453--468},
	title = {Adverbial quantification and focus in {H}ausa},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{zerbian10b_speechprosody,
	author = {Sabine Zerbian and Susanne Genzel and Frank Kügler},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {Speech} {Prosody} 2010},
	pages = {paper 976},
	title = {Experimental work on prosodically-marked information structure in selected {{A}frican} languages ({{Afroasiatic}} and {{Niger}}-{{Congo}}},
	year = {2010}
}

@inproceedings{tieu2017,
	address = {Somerville},
	author = {Tieu, Lyn and Križ, Manuel},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st annual {B}oston {{U}}niversity {C}onference on {L}anguage {D}evelopment},
	editor = {Maria LaMendola and Jennifer Scott},
	pages = {651--664},
	publisher = {Cascadilla Press},
	title = {Connecting the exhaustivity of clefts and the homogeneity of plural definite descriptions in acquisition},
	year = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{sichel2002,
	address = {Stanford},
	author = {Sichel, Ivy},
	booktitle = {{Proceedings of the {H}{P}{S}{G}-2001 Conference}},
	editor = {Mauck, Steven and Mittelstaedt, Sabine},
	publisher = {CSLI Publications},
	title = {Phrase structure paradoxes, constraints and processing: {A} unified account},
	year = {2002}
}

@inproceedings{ross1969guess,
	address = {Chicago},
	author = {Ross, John Robert},
	booktitle = {Papers from the 5th {R}egional {M}eeting of the {C}hicago {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
	editors = {Robert I. Binnick, Alice Davison, Georgia M. Green and Jerry L. Morgan},
	organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society},
	pages = {252--286},
	title = {Guess Who?},
	year = {1969}
}

@inproceedings{quek2017severing,
	author = {Yihui Quek and Aron Hirsch},
	booktitle = {N{{{E}}}{L}{S}47: {P}roceedings of the {F}orty-{S}eventh {A}nnual {M}eeting of the {N}orth {{{E}}}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
	editor = {Andrew Lamont and Katerina Tetzloff},
	pages = {15--24},
	publisher = {GLSA, University of Massachusetts},
	title = {Severing focus form and meaning in standard and colloquial {S}ingapore {{E}}nglish},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{portner2008,
	address = {Seoul},
	author = {Portner, Paul},
	booktitle = {The Perspectives of Linguistics in the 21st Century},
	editor = {Jong Yurl Yoon and Kyoung Ae Kim},
	pages = {1--18},
	publisher = {Hankook Munhwasa},
	title = {Beyond the Common Ground: {{T}}he semantics and pragmatics of epistemic modals.},
	year = {2008}
}

@inproceedings{mcauliffe2017montreal,
	author = {McAuliffe, Michael and Socolof, Michaela and Mihuc, Sarah and Wagner, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	booktitle = {Proc. {{I}}nterspeech 2017},
	doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2017-1386},
	pages = {498--502},
	title = {Montreal {F}orced {A}ligner: {{T}}rainable Text-Speech Alignment Using {K}aldi},
	volume = {2017},
	year = {2017}
}

@inproceedings{krifka2013,
	author = {Krifka, Manfred},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {S}emantics and {L}inguistic {T}heory ({S}{A}{L}{T})},
	editor = {Todd Snider},
	pages = {1--18},
	publisher = {Linguistic Society of America},
	title = {Response particles as propositional anaphors},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{inkelasal1986nels,
	author = {Inkelas, Sharon and Leben, William R. and Cobler, Mark},
	booktitle = {{North} {{E}}ast {L}inguistics {S}ociety},
	number = {1},
	pages = {21},
	title = {The phonology of intonation in {H}ausa},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1986}
}

@inproceedings{heine1991,
	author = {Heine, Bernd},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth {A}nnual {M}eeting of the {B}erkeley {L}inguistics {S}ociety: {{S}}pecial Session on {A}frican Language Structures},
	editor = {Kathleen Hubbard},
	pages = {106--119},
	title = {Auxiliaries in {A}frican Languages: {{T}}he {L}ingala Case},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1991}
}

@inproceedings{hartmann2008not,
	author = {Hartmann, Katharina and Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Sinn und {Bedeutung}},
	editor = {Grønn, Atle},
	pages = {196--211},
	title = {Not only ‘only’, but ‘too’, too: {A}lternative-sensitive particles in {B}ura},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2008}
}

@inproceedings{grubic2011conventional,
	address = {Saarbrücken},
	author = {Grubic, Mira and Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {S}inn und {B}edeutung},
	editor = {Ingo Reich and Eva Horch and Dennis Pauly},
	organization = {Universität des Saarlandes},
	pages = {291--305},
	title = {Conventional and free association with focus in {N}gamo ({W}est {C}hadic)},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2011}
}

@inproceedings{genzelKugler2011DowndriftAkan,
	author = {Genzel, Susanne and Kügler, Frank},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {I}nternational {C}ongress of {P}honetic {S}ciences - {I}{C}{P}h{S} 2011},
	pages = {735--738},
	title = {Phonetic Realization of Automatic (Downdrift) and Non-automatic Downstep in {A}kan.},
	year = {2011}
}

@inproceedings{fiedler2006subject,
	address = {University of Potsdam},
	author = {Fiedler, Ines and Hartmann, Katharina and Reineke, Brigitte and Schwarz, Anne and Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {{International Conference on Information Structure}},
	title = {Subject focus in {W}est {A}frican languages},
	year = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{deMoraesAndRilliard2023macro,
	author = {De Moraes, Jo{\~a}o Ant{\^o}nio and Rilliard, Albert},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {I}nternational {C}ongress of {P}honetic {Sc}iences - {I}{C}{P}h{S}},
	editor = {Radek Skarnitzl and Jan Volín},
	pages = {1464--1468},
	publisher = {International Phonetic Association},
	title = {Macro- and Micro-prosodic Changes in the Duration of {B}razilian {P}ortuguese Vowels},
	year = {2023}
}

@inproceedings{collinsessizewa2007,
	address = {Somerville},
	author = {Chris Collins and Komlan E. Essizewa},
	booktitle = {{Selected Proceedings of the 37th {A}nnual {C}onference on {A}frican {L}inguistics}},
	editor = {Doris L. Payne and Jaime Pe{\~n}a},
	pages = {191--203},
	publisher = {Cascadilla Proceedings Project},
	title = {Syntax of verb focus in {K}abiye},
	year = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{bombi2019,
	author = {Bombi, Carla and Grubic, Mira and Renans, Agata and Duah, Reginald Akuoko},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {S}inn und {B}edeutung},
	number = {1},
	pages = {181--200},
	title = {The semantics of the (so-called) clausal determiner n{ó} in {A}kan ({K}wa)},
	number = {23},
	year = {2019}
}

@inproceedings{bombi2,
	author = {Bombi, Carla},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {S}emantics and {L}inguistic {T}heory ({S}{A}{L}{T})},
	editor = {Sireemas Maspong and Brynhildur Stefánsdóttir and Katherine Blake and Forrest Davis},
	month = {5},
	pages = {141--160},
	publisher = {Linguistic Society of America},
	title = {Definiteness in {A}kan ({K}wa): {{F}}amiliarity and uniqueness revisited.},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{amfo2007,
	address = {Sommerville},
	author = {Amfo, Nana Aba Appiah},
	booktitle = {Selected proceedings of the 37th {A}nnual {C}onference on {A}frican {L}inguistics},
	editors = {Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña},
	pages = {134--148},
	publisher = {Cascadilla Proceedings Project},
	title = {Akan demonstratives},
	year = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{Rodriguez2019,
	author = {Alejandro Rodr\'\i guez},
	booktitle = {{Southern} {{California}} {Annual} {Meeting} on {Syntax}},
	title = {Wh-{Q}uestions in {Rere}},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{Keupdjio2016,
	author = {Keupdjio, Hermann},
	booktitle = {{UBC} Qualifying Papers 3 (2013–2015)},
	editors = {Andrei Anghelescu and Joel Dunham and Natalie Weber},
	pages = {109--124},
	series = {University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics 44},
	title = {Number stacking and the semantics of associative plurals in {B}amileke {M}edumba},
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}

@inproceedings{Dechaine2016,
	author = {Déchaine, Rose-Marie and Keupdjio, Hermann},
	booktitle = {{Bantu} 6},
	publisher = {University of Helsinki, Finland},
	title = {Number in {B}amileke {M}edumba},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{zimmermann2011discourse,
  author    = {Malte Zimmermann and Kai von Fintel},
  title     = {Discourse Particles},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning},
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  volume    = {2},
  pages     = {2011--2038},
  year      = {2011},
  publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
  address   = {Berlin}
}

@incollection{winkelmann2012konkomba,
	address = {Cologne},
	author = {Winkelmann, Kerstin},
	booktitle = {Noun Class Systems in {G}ur Languages : {{N}}orth {Central} {G}ur Languages},
	editor = {Miehe, Gudrun and Reineke, Brigitte and Winkelmann, Kerstin},
	pages = {472--486},
	publisher = {Köppe},
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	year = {2012}
}

@incollection{vancraenenbroeck2017vp,
	address = {Hoboken},
	author = {Jeroen van Craenenbroeck},
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	edition = 2,
	editor = {Everaert, Martin and van Riemsdijk, Henk C.},
	pages = {1--35},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
	title = {{{VP}}-Ellipsis},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{van2019nominal,
	address = {London},
	author = {van de Velde, Mark},
	booktitle = {The {B}antu {L}anguages, 2nd edition},
	editor = {Mark van de Velde and Koen Bostoen and Derek Nurse and Gérard Philippson},
	pages = {237--269},
	publisher = {Routledge},
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	title = {Nominal morphology and syntax},
	year = {2019}
}

@incollection{van2017augment,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {van de Velde, Mark},
	booktitle = {Relative clauses in {C}ameroonian languages: {{S}}tructure, function and semantics},
	editor = {Gratien Gualbert Atindogbe and Rebecca Grollemund},
	pages = {47--66},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {The augment as a construct form marker in {{E}}ton relative clause constructions},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{uchechukwu2008modal,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Uchechukwu, Chinedu},
	booktitle = {Modality-Aspect Interfaces: {{I}}mplications and Typological Solutions},
	editor = {Abraham, Werner and Leiss, Elisabeth},
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	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
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	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{stalnaker1978,
	ids = {stalnaker78},
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Stalnaker, Robert C.},
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@incollection{shlonsky2014subject,
	address = {New York},
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	title = {Subject positions, subject extraction, {{E}}{P}{P} and the subject criterion},
	year = {2014}
}

@incollection{selkirk2011,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Selkirk, Elizabeth},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Phonological Theory, 2nd edition},
	editor = {John Goldsmith and Jason Riggle and Alan C. L. Yu},
	pages = {435--484},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	title = {The Syntax-Phonology Interface},
	year = {2011}
}

@incollection{saah10,
	address = {New York City},
	author = {Saah, Kofi K.},
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	publisher = {Springer},
	series = {Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
	title = {Relative clauses in {A}kan},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{roberts2004context,
	address = {MA},
	author = {Roberts, Craige},
	booktitle = {The handbook of Pragmatics},
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	title = {Context in dynamic interpretation},
	year = {2004}
}

@incollection{rizzi2007strategies,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Rizzi, Luigi and Shlonsky, Ur},
	booktitle = {Interfaces + Recursion = Language? {C}homsky's {M}inimalism and the View from Syntax-Semantics},
	editor = {Gärtner, Hans-Martin and Sauerland, Uli},
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	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Strategies of Subject Extraction},
	year = {2007}
}

@incollection{rizzi2006form,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Rizzi, Luigi},
	booktitle = {{Wh}-Movement: {{M}}oving On},
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	pages = {97--134},
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	year = {2006}
}

@incollection{rizzi1997fine,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	author = {Rizzi, Luigi},
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	year = {1997}
}

@incollection{ritter1991two,
	address = {Leiden},
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	year = {1991}
}

@incollection{prince1992,
	address = {Amsterdam},
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	pages = {295--325},
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@incollection{naden1989gur,
	address = {Lanham},
	author = {Naden, Tony},
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@incollection{merchant2019ellipsis,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Merchant, Jason},
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	year = {2019}
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@incollection{mccloskey1990,
	address = {San Diego},
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@incollection{makasso2016aspects,
	address = {Berlin },
	author = {Makasso, Emmanuel-Moselly and Hamlaoui, Fatima and Lee, Seunghun Julio},
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	editor = {Downing, Laura and Annie Rialland},
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	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Aspects of the intonational phonology of {B}{\`a}s{\`a}{\'a}},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{ladd1990metrical,
	address = {Cambridge},
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	year = {1990}
}

@incollection{kratzer1981notional,
	address = {Berlin},
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@incollection{kimmelmanpfau2016,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Kimmelman, Vadim and Roland Pfau},
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	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{karttunen1976,
	address = {Leiden},
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@incollection{kandybowicztorrence2021,
	address = {Oxford},
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@incollection{johnson2001aVP,
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	year = {2001}
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@incollection{inkelasleben1990,
	address = {Cambridge},
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}

@incollection{inkelas1989Register,
	address = {Berlin},
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	year = {1989}
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@incollection{hymanMonaka2011tonal,
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	year = {2011}
}

@incollection{hyman2011,
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	year = {2011}
}

@incollection{himmelmann96,
	address = {Amsterdam},
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@incollection{hedberg2013multiple,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Hedberg, Nancy},
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	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{hamblin1976questions,
	address = {London},
	author = {Hamblin, Charles L},
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	year = {1976}
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@incollection{hacquard2016modals,
	address = {Chicago},
	author = {Hacquard, Valentine},
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	pages = {45--74},
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	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{giorgi2013epistemic,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Giorgi, Alessandra},
	booktitle = {{{Romance} Linguistics 2013: {{S}}elected Papers from the 43rd Linguistic Symposium on {R}omance languages}},
	editor = {Tortora, Christina and den Dikken, Marcel and Montoya, Ignacio L. and O’Neill, Teresa},
	pages = {99--118},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	title = {Epistemic Adverbs, the Prosody-Syntax Interface and the Theory of Phases},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{fretheim2008,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Thorstein Fretheim and Nana Aba Appiah Amfo},
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	editor = {Henrik Høeg Müller and Alex Klinge},
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	year = {2008}
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@incollection{fintel2007,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {von Fintel, Kai and Anthony Gillies},
	booktitle = {{Oxford} studies in epistemology},
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	pages = {32--62},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	sortname = {von Fintel, Kai and Anthony Gillies},
	title = {An opinionated guide to epistemic modality},
	year = {2007}
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@incollection{fiedler2010subject,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Fiedler, Ines and Hartmann, Katharina and Reineke, Brigitte and Schwarz, Anne and Zimmermann, Malte},
	booktitle = {Information Structure. {T}heoretical, Typological, and Experimental Perspectives},
	editor = {Zimmermann, Malte and Féry, Caroline},
	location = {Oxford},
	pages = {234--257},
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	title = {Subject focus in {W}est {A}frican languages},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{duah2015exhaustive,
	address = {Potsdam},
	author = {Duah, Reginald Akuoko},
	booktitle = {Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure 19 (2015): {M}ood, {E}xhaustivity \& Focus Marking in non‐{{E}}uropean Languages},
	editor = {Bildhauer, Felix and Grubic, Mira},
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	publisher = {Universitätsverlag Potsdam},
	title = {{{E}}xhaustive focus marking in {A}kan},
	year = {2015}
}

@incollection{drubig2001focus,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Drubig, Bernhard},
	booktitle = {Language Typology and Language Universals. {A}n International handbook},
	editor = {Haspelmath, Martin and König, Ekkehard and Oesterreicher, Wulf and Raible, Wolfgang},
	pages = {1079--1104},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Focus constructions},
	year = {2001}
}

@incollection{downinghyman2016,
	address = {Oxford},
	authors = {Downing, Laura J. and Larry M. Hyman},
	booktitle = {The {{Oxford}} handbook of information structure},
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	pages = {790--813},
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	title = {Information structure in {{Bantu}}},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{downing2017intonationChichewaTumbuka,
	address = {Berlin },
	author = {Downing, Laura},
	booktitle = {Intonation in {A}frican tone languages},
	editor = {Downing, Laura and Annie Rialland},
	pages = {365--392},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Tone and intonation in {C}hichewa and {T}umbuka},
	year = {2017}
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@incollection{dimmendaal2018,
	address = {Cologne},
	author = {Gerrit J. Dimmendaal},
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	pages = {383--415},
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	year = {2018}
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@incollection{demirdache2005,
	address = {London},
	author = {Demirdache, Hamida},
	booktitle = {The {B}lackwell Companion to Syntax},
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	pages = {335--373},
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	volume = {III},
	year = {2005}
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@incollection{dakubu2003aspect,
	address = {Trondheim},
	author = {Kropp Dakubu, Mary Esther },
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	title = {Aspect Agreement Constraints in {G}urene Multi-Verb Constructions},
	year = {2003}
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@incollection{dagnac2010modal,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Dagnac, Anne},
	booktitle = {{Romance} Linguistics 2008: {{I}}nteractions in {R}omance},
	editor = {Arregi, Karlos and Fagyal, Zsuzsanna and Montrul, Silvina A. and Tremblay, Aafke},
	pages = {157--170},
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	title = {Modal ellipsis in {F}rench, {S}panish and {I}talian: {{{E}}}vidence for a {{TP}}-Deletion Analysis},
	year = {2010}
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@incollection{connell2017mambila,
	address = {Berlin },
	author = {Connell, Bruce},
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	pages = {131--166},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Tone and intonation in {M}ambila},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{chomsky2001derivation,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Chomsky, Noam},
	booktitle = {Ken {Hale}: {A} Life in Language},
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	title = {Derivation by phase},
	year = {2001}
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@incollection{chomsky2000,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Chomsky, Noam},
	booktitle = {Step by step. {{E}}ssays on minimalist syntax in honor of {H}oward {L}asnik},
	editor = {Martin Roger and Michaels David and Uriagereka Juan and {Jay Keyser} Samuel},
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	year = {2000}
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@incollection{chomsky1995bare,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Chomsky, Noam},
	booktitle = {Government and Binding Theory and the Minimalist Program},
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@incollection{chengdowning2012,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen and Downing, Laura J.},
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	place = {Cambridge},
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	title = {Against {Focus}{P}: {{A}}rguments from {{Zulu}}},
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@incollection{cahill2012polarKonni,
	address = {Somerville},
	author = {Cahill, Michael},
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	editor = {Michael Marlo and Nikki B. Adams and Christopher R. Green and Michelle Morrison and Tristan M. Purvis},
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	year = {2012}
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@incollection{buring2016contrastive,
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@incollection{bolinger1978yes,
	address = {Dordrecht},
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@incollection{biloa2020sluicing,
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	year = {2020}
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@incollection{belletti2017syntax,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	author = {Belletti, Adriana and Rizzi, Luigi},
	booktitle = {Formal models in the study of language: {{A}}pplications in interdisciplinary contexts},
	editor = {Joanna Blochowiak and Cristina Grisot and Stephanie Durrleman and Christopher Laenzlinger},
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{belletti2004,
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	author = {Belletti, Adriana},
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	year = {2004}
}

@incollection{belletti2001,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Belletti, Adriana},
	booktitle = {Subject Inversion in {R}omance and the Theory of Universal Grammar},
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	year = {2001}
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@incollection{beckernformi,
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	editor = {Katja Barnickel and Matías Guzmán-Naranjo and Johannes Hein and Sampson Korsah and Andrew Murphy and Ludger Paschen and Zorica Puškar and Joanna Zaleska},
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@incollection{becker2019focus,
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	author = {Becker, Laura and Driemel, Imke and Jude Nformi Awasom},
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	year = {2019}
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@incollection{bayer2018criterial,
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@incollection{awobuluyi1992aspects,
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@incollection{amfo2006syntactic,
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	year = {2006}
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@incollection{ameka2017,
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{ameka2008aspect,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Felix K. Ameka},
	booktitle = {Aspect and Modality in {K}wa Languages},
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	pages = {135--194},
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	year = {2008}
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@incollection{akinlabiliberman01,
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	title = {The tonal phonology of {Y}orùbá clitics},
	year = {2001}
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@incollection{aelbrecht2019predicate,
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@incollection{abohetal2007focus,
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	author = {Aboh, Enoch O. and Hartmann, Katharina and Zimmermann, Malte},
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	editors = {Aboh, Enoch O. and Hartmann, Katharina and Zimmermann, Malte},
	pages = {1--14},
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	sortname = {Aboh, Enoch O. and Hartmann, Katharina and Zimmermann, Malte},
	title = {{Focus and grammar: {T}he contribution of {A}frican languages}},
	year = {2007},
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@incollection{aboh2007focus,
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	author = {Aboh, Enoch O.},
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	pages = {287--314},
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	title = {Focused vs. non-focused wh-phrases},
	year = {2007}
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@incollection{Zerbian2017,
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@incollection{Svenonius2004,
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@incollection{Stalnaker1976,
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@incollection{Rialland2007,
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@incollection{PiccininiRose2017,
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	author = {Page Piccinini and Sharon Rose},
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{PesetskyTorrego2007,
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	author = {Pesetsky, David and Torrego, Esther},
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	editor = {Karimi, Simin and Samiian, Vida and Wilkins, Wendy},
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@incollection{Nkemnji1994,
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@incollection{Nchare2011,
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@incollection{Lebenetal1989,
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@incollection{KulaHamann2017,
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	pages = {321--363},
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{Kugler2017,
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{Krifka2006,
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@incollection{Krifka1992,
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@incollection{Hyman2010,
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@incollection{Heck2008,
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@incollection{HartmannZimm2004inplace,
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@incollection{Carstens2017,
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@incollection{Carstens2008,
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@incollection{Boskovic2012a,
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@inbook{stevenson2009,
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	series = {Typological Studies in Language},
	title = {The expression of information structure: {{A}} documentation of its diversity across {{A}frica}},
	year = {2010}
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@book{downingrialland2017,
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