@article{AbelsMuriungi2008, title = {The Focus Marker in {{Kîîtharaka}}: {{Syntax}} and Semantics}, shorttitle = {The Focus Marker in {{Kîîtharaka}}}, author = {Abels, Klaus and Muriungi, Peter}, date = {2008-05-01}, journaltitle = {Lingua}, shortjournal = {Lingua}, volume = {118}, number = {5}, pages = {687--731}, doi = {10.1016/j.lingua.2007.09.003}, abstract = {This paper investigates a morpheme central to the clausal syntax of Kîîtharaka (SVO, Bantu, E54, Kenyan). The first sections of the paper offer a careful description of three functions of this morpheme, which marks information structure and cyclic movement. We show that the syntactic and semantic properties of the three functions fall into a neat hierarchy. Rather than treating the different uses of the morpheme as distinct, accidentally homophonous items, we suggest an account that needs to postulate only one morpheme, allowing it to realize different amounts of features in its different uses. Building on ongoing work in morphological theory by Starke (class lectures) and Caha (2007), we make the crucial assumption that the features in the lexical entry of a morpheme are hierarchically structured.} } @unpublished{vanLeynseele1977, author = {van Leynseele, Hélène}, publisher = {Rijksuniv. te Leiden}, title = {Essai d'analyse Historique Des Voyelles et Consonnes Du {Tunen} ({{{Bantu} A}}.44)}, year = {1977}, type = {ms.} } @misc{Yoneda2009, author = {Yoneda, N.}, title = {The {{{CJ}}}/{{{DJ}}} Verb Forms and Focus in {{Matengo}}}, note ={Handout of talk at Bantu 3 conference}, address = {Tervuren}, year = {2009} } @unpublished{Taylor1999, author = {Taylor, Carrie}, pagetotal = {12}, title = {Pronouns in {{Nomaande}}. {{Yaoundé}}: {{SIL}} {{Cameroon}}.}, date = {1999-09} } @unpublished{Schmidt2020, author = {Schmidt, Andreas}, title = {{South} {{Sámi}} in the Typology of {{{SA}ux{OV}}} Languages}, year = {2020} } @unpublished{Morimoto2014, author = {Morimoto, Yukiko}, title = {Focus marking in {{{Kikuyu}}} ({{E51}})}, venue = {Berlin}, year = {2014} } @incollection{Morimoto1999, address = {Stanford}, author = {Morimoto, Yukiko}, title = {An Optimality Account of Argument Reversal}, editor = {Butt, Miriam and King, Tracy H.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of {LFG}99}, publisher = {CSLI}, year = {1999} } @unpublished{Kröger2005, author = {Kröger, Oliver}, publisher = {SIL Nampula}, title = {Report on a Survey of Coastal {{Makua}} Dialects}, year = {2005} } @unpublished{KongneWelaze2010, author = {Kongne Welaze, Jacquis}, title = {Morphologie Verbale Du {{{Tunen}}}. {Université de Yaoundé I. (DEA)}.}, year = {2010} } @unpublished{GüldemannEtAl2014, author = {Güldemann, Tom and Fiedler, Ines and Morimoto, Yukiko}, publisher = {Humboldt University}, title = {The Verb in the Preverbal Domain across {{{Bantu}}}: {{I}}nfinitive “Fronting” and Predicate-Centered Focus. {P}aper presented at the {I}nternational {W}orkshop “{B}antu{S}yn{P}hon{IS} {P}reverbal {D}omains”, {ZAS} {B}erlin and {H}umboldt {U}niversity of {B}erlin, 14–15 {N}ovember 2014.}, year = {2014} } @unpublished{Güldemann2009, author = {Güldemann, Tom}, title = {Predicate-Centered Focus Types: {{A}} Sample-Based Typological Study in {{{African}}} Languages. {A}pplication for project {B}7 in the {C}ollaborative {R}esearch {C}enter ({S}onderforschungsbereich/{SFB} 632) “{I}nformation {S}tructure”. {P}otsdam {U}niversity, {H}umboldt {U}niversity of {B}erlin, {F}ree {U}niversity of {B}erlin.}, year = {2009} } @unpublished{Gordon2005, author = {Gordon, Raymond G. Jr.}, title = {{Ethnologue}: {{Languages}} of the World}, edition = {15}, url = {https://www.ethnologue.com}, year = {2005} } @unpublished{GenslerGüldemann2003, author = {Gensler, Orin D. and Güldemann, Tom}, title = {S-{{Aux-O-V-Other}} in {{{Africa}}}: {{Typological}} and Areal Perspective}, note = {Handout presented at a workshop on distributed predicative syntax ({SPOVX}), 4th {World Congress of African Linguistics} (WOCAL), {Rutgers University}}, year = {2003} } @unpublished{Fuchs2017, author = {Fuchs, Zuzanna}, title = {Movement vs. {{B}}ase-Generation in {{{Georgian}}} Split {{{DP}s}}}, year = {2017} } @unpublished{FanselowFéry2006, author = {Fanselow, Gisbert and Féry, Caroline}, title = {Discontinuous Noun Phrases}, year = {2006} } @unpublished{BuellMuriungi2008, author = {Buell, Leston C. and Muriungi, Peter}, title = {Locative and locative inversion in {Tharaka}}, type = {Ms.}, year = {2008} } @thesis{Şener2010, address = {Storrs}, author = {Şener, Sekan}, institution = {University of Connecticut}, title = {Non-Peripheral Matters in {{{Turkish}}} Syntax}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2010} } @thesis{vanderWal2009, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke}, institution = {Leiden University}, title = {Word Order and Information Structure in {Makhuwa-Enahara}}, type = {phdthesis}, date = {2009-06-16} } @thesis{Zerbian2006, address = {Berlin}, author = {Zerbian, Sabine}, institution = {Humboldt University}, title = {Expression of Information Structure in the {{{Bantu}}} Language {{{Northern} {Sotho}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2006} } @thesis{Watters1979a, address = {Los Angeles}, author = {Watters, John R.}, title = {Focus in {{{Aghem}}}: {{A}} Study of Its Formal Correlates and Typology}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1979} } @thesis{Wasike2007, author = {Wasike, Aggrey}, institution = {Cornell University, Ithaca}, title = {The Left Periphery, {Wh}-in-Situ and {{A-bar}} Movement in {{{Lubukusu}}} and Other {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2007} } @thesis{Turamyomwe2011, author = {Turamyomwe, Justus}, institution = {{Norwegian University of Science and Technology}}, title = {Tense and Aspect in {{Runyankore-Rukiga}}: {Linguistic} Resources and Analysis}, type = {MPhil Dissertation}, year = {2011} } @thesis{Struik2022, author = {Struik, Tara}, institution = {Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen}, title = {Information {{Structure Triggers}} for {{Word Order Variation}} and {{Change}}: {{T}}he {{{OV}}}/{{{VO}}} Alternation in the {{{West}-{Germanic} Languages}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2022} } @thesis{Sande2017, author = {Sande, Hannah L}, institution = {University of California Berkeley}, title = {Distributing {{Morphologically Conditioned Phonology}}: {{Three Case Studies}} from {{{Guébie}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2017} } @thesis{Sabimana1986, address = {Bloomington}, author = {Sabimana, Firmard}, institution = {Indiana University}, title = {The {{relational structure}} of the {{Kirundi verb}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1986} } @thesis{Ross1967, author = {Ross, John R}, institution = {MIT}, title = {Constraints on Variables in Syntax}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1967} } @thesis{Rooth1985, address = {Amherst, MA}, author = {Rooth, Mats Edward}, institution = {University of Massachussetts}, title = {Association with focus}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1985} } @thesis{Poeta2016, author = {Poeta, Teresa}, institution = {SOAS University of London}, title = {Reference to Objects in {{{Makhuwa}}} and {{{Swahili}}} Discourse}, type = {phdthesis}, location = {London}, year = {2016} } @thesis{Ott2011, author = {Ott, Dennis C.}, institution = {Harvard University}, title = {Local {{Instability}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2011} } @thesis{Nshemezimana2016, address = {Ghent}, author = {Nshemezimana, Ernest}, institution = {Ghent University}, langid = {french}, shorttitle = {Morphosyntaxe et structure informationnelle en kirundi}, title = {Morphosyntaxe et structure informationnelle en kirundi: {{F}}ocus et stratégies de focalisation}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2016} } @thesis{Nhantumbo2019, address = {Maputo}, author = {Nhantumbo, Nelsa}, institution = {Universidade Eduardo Mondlane}, langid = {portuguese}, title = {A morfologia e fonologia do verbo em Copi}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2019} } @mastersthesis{Nhantumbo2014, address = {Maputo}, author = {Nhantumbo, Nelsa}, institution = {Universidade Eduardo Mondlane}, langid = {portuguese}, title = {A morfofonologia das marcas do Presente e Futuro em Copi}, year = {2014} } @thesis{Muriungi2008, address = {Tromsø}, author = {Muriungi, Peter}, institution = {University of Tromsø}, title = {Phrasal Movement inside {{{Bantu}}} Verbs: {{Deriving}} Affix Scope and Order in {{Kîîtharaka}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2008} } @phdthesis{Morimoto2000, address = {Stanford}, author = {Morimoto, Yukiko}, school = {Stanford University}, location = {Stanford}, title = {Discourse configurationality in {Bantu} morphosyntax}, year = {2000} } @thesis{Mbongue2005, author = {Mbongue, Joseph}, institution = {University Halle-Wittenburg}, title = {Macro-{{Approach}} of the {{{Tunen} Bible Translation}}: {{An Application}} of the {{{Key} Biblical Technical Termini}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2005} } @thesis{LiFut, author = {Li, Zhen}, year = {2024}, title = {Word Order, Agreement and Information Structure in {{{Teke-Kukuya}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, school = {Leiden University}, publisher = {Amsterdam: LOT} } @mastersthesis{Kujath2022, author = {Kujath, Elizabeth}, institution = {Leiden University}, title = {Copular Constructions in {{{Makhuwa}-Enahara}}}, year = {2022} } @thesis{Koopman1984, author = {Koopman, Hilde J}, institution = {Tilburg University}, title = {The Syntax of Verbs: {{From}} Verb Movement {Rules} in the {{{Kru}}} Languages to {{Universal Grammar}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1984} } @thesis{Keupdjio2020, author = {Keupdjio, Hermann Sidoine}, institution = {University of British Colombia}, title = {The Syntax of {{A}}'-Dependencies in {{Bamileke Medumba}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2020} } @thesis{KerrFut, author = {Kerr, Elisabeth J.}, institution = {Leiden University}, title = {{Tunen} Syntax and Information Structure}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Amsterdam: LOT} } @misc{KerrDatabase, author = {Kerr, Elisabeth J.}, title = {Item ``{R}ecordings and database on {T}unen syntax and information structure'' in collection ``{Bantu Syntax and Information Structure (BaSIS)}". {The Language Archive}.}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1839/8f0f1a65-9a90-42e3-ae39-7bed93009b5a}, year = {2024} } @misc{Maho2009, author = {Maho, Jouni Filip}, title = {{{{NUGL}}} Online: {{The}} Online Version of the New Updated {{Guthrie}} List, a Referential Classification of the {{{Bantu} Languages}}}, url = {http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf}, year = {2009} } @thesis{Katupha1991, author = {Katupha, José M. M.}, institution = {SOAS University of London}, title = {The Grammar of {{Emakhuwa}} Verbal Extensions}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1991} } @thesis{Katupha1983, author = {Katupha, José M. M.}, institution = {SOAS University of London}, title = {A Preliminary Description of Sentence Structure in the {E}-{{Sáaka}} Dialect of e-{{Mákhuwa}}}, type = {MA dissertation}, year = {1983} } @mastersthesis{Kanampiu2017, address = {Chuka}, author = {Kanampiu, Patrick N.}, institution = {Chuka University}, title = {The Syntax of the Determiner Phrase in {{Kîîtharaka}}, a {{{Bantu}}} Language Spoken in {{{Kenya}}}}, year = {2017} } @thesis{Johnson2012, author = {Johnson, Madeleine}, institution = {Universitaet Hamburg}, title = {Ethnobotanik Der {{Region {NDIKI}}} ({{Kamerun}}): {{Die Pflanze}} Im Alltäglichen {{Leben}} Der {{Banen}} Der {{Region {NDIKI}}}; {{Der}} Soziokulturelle {{{Wert}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2012} } @thesis{Horn1972, author = {Horn, Laurence R.}, institution = {University of California, Los Angeles}, title = {On the semantic properties of logical operators in {{English}}}, year = {1972}, type = {phdthesis} } @thesis{Higgins1973, address = {Cambridge MA}, author = {Higgins, Francis Roger}, eprint = {LrsBCgAAQBAJ}, institution = {MIT}, title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {{{English}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1973} } @thesis{Henderson2006, author = {Henderson, Brent}, institution = {University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign}, title = {The {{syntax}} and {{typology}} of {{{Bantu} relative clauses}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2006} } @thesis{Gunnink2018, author = {Gunnink, Hilde}, institution = {Ghent University}, shorttitle = {A Grammar of {{Fwe}}}, title = {A Grammar of {{{Fwe}}}: {{A}} {{{Bantu}}} Language of {{{Zambia}}} and {{{Namibia}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2018} } @thesis{Doetjes1997, author = {Doetjes, Jenny}, doi = {https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19731}, institution = {Leiden University}, title = {Quantifiers and {{Selection}}. {{On}} the Distribution of Quantified Expressions in {{{French}}}, {{{Dutch}}} and {{{English}}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1997} } @thesis{Bukuru2003, address = {Dar-es-salaam}, author = {Bukuru, Denis}, institution = {University of Dar-es-salaam}, title = {Phrase Structure and Fonctional Categories in {Kirundi} Sentence}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2003} } @thesis{Buell2005, address = {Los Angeles}, author = {Buell, Leston C.}, institution = {University of California, Los Angeles}, title = {Issues in {{{Zulu}}} Morphosyntax}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2005} } @thesis{Boyd2015, author = {Boyd, Virginia Lee}, institution = {Leiden University}, title = {The Phonological Systems of the {{Mbam}} Languages of {{{Cameroon}}} with a Focus on Vowels and Vowel Harmony}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2015} } @thesis{Bergvall1987, address = {Cambridge MA}, author = {Bergvall, Victoria Lee}, institution = {Harvard University}, title = {Focus in {{{Kikuyu}}} and {Universal Grammar}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1987} } @thesis{Becker2018, author = {Becker, Laura}, institution = {Universität Leipzig}, title = {Articles in the World’s Languages}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2018} } @thesis{Bailey1976, address = {Johannesburg}, author = {Bailey, Richard A.}, institution = {University of Witwatersrand}, title = {Copi Phonology and Morphotonology}, type = {B.A. Honours Dissertation}, year = {1976} } @thesis{Asiimwe2014, author = {Asiimwe, Allen}, institution = {Stellenbosch University}, title = {Definiteness and Specificity in {{Runyankore-Rukiga}}}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {2014} } @thesis{Ameka1991, author = {Ameka, Felix Kofi}, institution = {Australian National University}, title = {{Ewe}: {Its} Grammatical Constructions and Illocutionary Devices}, type = {phdthesis}, location = {Canberra}, year = {1991} } @thesis{Abney1987, author = {Abney, Steven P}, institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, title = {The {{{English}}} Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect}, type = {phdthesis}, year = {1987} } @software{Moroz2017, author = {Moroz, G.}, title = {Lingtypology: {{{E}}}asy Mapping for Linguistic Typology}, url = 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Universidade Eduardo Mondlane}, title = {A morfofonologia da marca do passado na língua Copi}, year = {2009} } @incollection{Ngonyani2000, address = {Trenton, NJ}, author = {Ngonyani, Deo}, booktitle = {Advances in {{{African} Linguistics}}}, editor = {Carstens, Vicki and Parkinson, F}, pages = {61--76}, publisher = {Africa World Press}, title = {The Structure of {{{Kinande}}} Applicatives}, year = {2000} } @incollection{NgobokaZeller2017, address = {Berlin}, author = {Ngoboka, Jean Paul and Zeller, Jochen}, booktitle = {The {{conjoint}}/{{disjoint alternation}} in {{{Bantu}}}}, doi = {10.1515/9783110490831-013}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Hyman, Larry M.}, pages = {350--389}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {The conjoint/disjoint alternation in {{{Kinyarwanda}}}}, series = {Trends in {L}inguistics {S}eries 301}, year = {2017} } @incollection{NeelemanVandeKoot2016, address = {Oxford}, author = {Neeleman, Ad and Van de Koot, Hans}, booktitle = {The {{Oxford}} Handbook 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{Chicago}, author = {Lambrecht, Knud and Polinsky, Maria}, booktitle = {Papers from the {{Panels}}, 33rd {{Regional}} Meeting of the {{{Chicago} Linguistic Society}}}, editor = {Singer, Kora and Eggert, Randall and Anderson, Gregory}, pages = {189--206}, publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, title = {Typological Variation in Sentence-Focus Constructions}, year = {1997} } @incollection{KulaMarten2010, address = {Cologne}, author = {Kula, Nancy C. and Marten, Lutz}, booktitle = {{Bantu} Languages: {{Analyses}}, Description and Theory}, editor = {Legère, Karsten and Thornell, Christina}, pages = {115--130}, publisher = {Rüdiger Köppe Verlag}, title = {Argument Structure and Agency in {{{Bemba}}} Passives}, year = {2010} } @incollection{KujathvanderWal2023, author = {Kujath, Elizabeth and van der Wal, Jenneke}, title = {Copular constructions in {Makhuwa-Enahara}}, booktitle = {Linguistics in the {Netherlands} 2023}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, address = {Amsterdam}, editor = {Leufkens, Sterre and Bril, Marco}, pages = {155--177}, year = {2023} } @incollection{Kröger2010, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Kröger, Oliver}, booktitle = {The Expression of Information Structure: {{A}} Documentation of Its Diversity across {{{Africa}}}}, editor = {Fiedler, Ines and Schwarz, Anne}, pages = {165--192}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Kroger, Oliver}, title = {Discourse Function of Inverted Passives in {{Makua-Marevone}} Narratives}, year = {2010} } @incollection{KrifkaMusan2012, address = {Berlin}, author = {Krifka, Manfred and Musan, Renate}, booktitle = {The expression of information structure}, doi = {10.1515/9783110261608.1}, editor = {Krifka, Manfred and Musan, Renate}, pages = {1--44}, publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton}, shorttitle = {Information Structure}, title = {Information Structure: {{Overview}} and Linguistic Issues}, date = {2012-08-31} } @incollection{Krifka2007, address = {Dordrecht}, author = {Krifka, Manfred}, booktitle = {Topic and Focus, Crosslinguistic Perspectives on Meaning and Intonation}, editor = {Lee, Chungmin and Gordon, Matthew and Büring, Daniel}, pages = {139--150}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {The Semantics of Questions and the Focusation of Answers}, year = {2007} } @incollection{KoniMuluwaBostoen2019, address = {Oxford}, author = {Koni Muluwa, Joseph and Bostoen, Koen}, booktitle = {The {{{Bantu} languages}}}, edition = {2nd edition}, editor = {Van de Velde, Mark and Bostoen, Koen and Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {414--448}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {Nsong ({{B85d}})}, year = {2019} } @incollection{Kisseberth2003, address = {London}, author = {Kisseberth, Charles W.}, booktitle = {The {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, editor = {Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {546--565}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {{Makhuwa} ({{P30}})}, year = {2003} } @incollection{Kerr2024, address = {Berlin}, author = {Kerr, Elisabeth J.}, booktitle = {{Selected {{Papers}} from the 53rd {{Annual Conference}} on {{{African} Linguistics}}}}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.11210464}, editor = {Huang, Yaqian and Kaldhol, Nina Hagen and Lim, Jun Jie and Rose, Sharon and Struthers-Young, Anthony}, pages = {297--345}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, title = {On {{{OV}}} and {{{VO}}} at the {{{Bantu}}}/{{Bantoid}} Borderlands}, year = {2024} } @incollection{Kerr2020, address = {Leiden}, author = {Kerr, Elisabeth J.}, booktitle = {Essays on {{{African}}} Languages and Linguistics: {{In}} Honour of {{Maarten Mous}}}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Smits, Heleen J. and Petrollino, Sara and Nyst, Victoria A. S. and Kossmann, Maarten G.}, pages = {241-265}, publisher = {African Studies Centre Leiden Occasional Publications}, title = {The Grammaticalisation of a Specific Indefinite Determiner: {{Prenominal}} \textit{-mɔ̀tɛ́} in {{{Tunen}}}}, year = {2020} } @incollection{Kenesei2006, address = {Berlin}, author = {Kenesei, István}, booktitle = {Focus as Identification}, doi = {10.1515/9783110922011.137}, editor = {Molnár, Valéria and Winkler, Susanne}, pages = {137--168}, publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton}, sortname = {Kenesei, Istvan}, title = {Focus as Identification}, pages = {137-168}, year = {2006} } @incollection{Katamba2003, address = {London}, author = {Katamba, Francis}, booktitle = {The {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, editor = {Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {120}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {{Bantu} Nominal Morphology}, volume = {103}, year = {2003} } @incollection{Ionin2013, address = {Dordrecht}, author = {Ionin, Tania}, booktitle = {Different Kinds of Specificity 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between focus and tone in {{Bantu}}}, year = {1999} } @incollection{Horvath2007, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Horvath, Julia}, booktitle = {Phrasal and Clausal Architecture Syntactic Derivation and Interpretation in Honor of {{{Joseph} {E}}}. {{{E}monds}}}, editor = {Karimi, Simin and Samiian, Vida and Wilkins, Wendy K.}, number = {101}, pages = {108--145}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {Linguistik Aktuell/{{Linguistics}} Today}, title = {Separating ”{{Focus Movement}}” from {{Focus}}}, year = {2007} } @incollection{Horn1981, address = {Amherst, MA}, author = {Horn, Laurence R.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of {{{NELS}}} 11}, editor = {Burke, Virginia and Pustejovsky, James}, pages = {124--142}, publisher = {GLSA}, title = {Exhaustiveness and the Semantics of Clefts.}, year = {1981} } @incollection{Himmelmann2001, address = {Berlin}, author = {Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.}, booktitle = {Language Typology and Language Universals}, editor = {Haspelmath, Martin and König, Ekkehard and Oesterreicher, Wulf and Raible, Wolfgang}, pages = {831--841}, volume = {2}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {Articles}, year = {2001} } @incollection{HedbergFadden2007, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Hedberg, Nancy and Fadden, Lorna}, booktitle = {The Grammar–Pragmatics Interface: {{Essays}} in Honor of {{Jeanette K}}. {{Gundel}}}, doi = {10.1075/pbns.155.05hed}, editor = {Hedberg, Nancy and Zacharski, Ron}, pages = {49--76}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {Pragmatics \& {{Beyond New Series}}}, number = {155}, title = {The Information Structure of It-Clefts, {{Wh}}-Clefts and Reverse {{Wh}}-Clefts in {{{English}}}}, date = {2007-05-15} } @incollection{Haspelmath1993, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Haspelmath, Martin}, booktitle = {Causatives and {{Transitivity}}}, doi = {10.1075/slcs.23.05has}, editor = {Comrie, Bernard and Polinsky, Maria}, pages = {87--120}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {Studies in {{Language Companion Series}}}, title = {More on the Typology of Inchoative/Causative Verb Alternations}, volume = {23}, year = {1993} } @book{HarrisCampbell1995a, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Harris, Alice C. and Campbell, Lyle}, booktitle = {Historical {{Syntax}} in {{Cross-Linguistic Perspective}}}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511620553.008}, pages = {151--194}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, place = {Cambridge, UK}, series = {Cambridge {{Studies}} in {{Linguistics}}}, title = {Processes That Simplify Biclausal Structures}, year = {1995} } @article{HarleyMiyagawa2017, author = {Harley, Heidi and Miyagawa, Shigeru}, journal = {{Oxford} Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics}, title = {Syntax of Ditransitives}, year = {2017} } @incollection{Hammarström2019, address = {London}, author = {Hammarström, Harald}, booktitle = {The {{Bantu}} languages}, edition = 2, editor = {Van de Velde, Mark and Bostoen, Koen and Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {17--78}, publisher = {Routledge}, sortname = {Hammarstrom, Harald}, title = {An Inventory of {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, year = {2019} } @incollection{Hamlaoui2022, address = {Berlin}, author = {Hamlaoui, Fatima}, booktitle = {On Reconstructing {{Proto-{Bantu}}} Grammar}, editor = {Bostoen, Koen and Pacchiarotti, Sara and Guérois, Rozenn and de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice}, pages = {497--537}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, title = {On Subject Inversion in {{Proto-{Bantu}}} Relative Clauses}, year = {2022} } @incollection{HalpertFut, address = {Oxford}, author = {Halpert, Claire}, booktitle = {The {{{Oxford}}} Guide to the {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, editor = {Marten, Lutz and Kula, Nancy C. and Hurst, Ellen and Zeller, Jochen}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {The Augment}, year = {2025} } @incollection{Halpert2017, address = {Berlin}, author = {Halpert, Claire}, booktitle = {The conjoint/disjoint alternation in {Bantu}}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Hyman, Larry M.}, pages = {329--349}, publisher = {Mouton De Gruyter}, title = {Prosody/syntax mismatches in the {{Zulu}} conjoint/disjoint alternation}, year = {2017} } @incollection{GüldemannFiedler2022, address = {Berlin}, author = {Güldemann, Tom and Fiedler, Ines}, booktitle = {On Reconstructing {{Proto-{Bantu}}} Grammar}, editor = {Bostoen, Koen and Schryver, Gilles-Maurice and Guérois, Rozenn and Pacchiarotti, Sara}, pages = {537--580}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, sortname = {Guldemann, Tom and Fiedler, Ines}, title = {Predicate Partition for Predicate-Centred Focus and {{Meeussen}}’s {{Proto-{Bantu}}} “Advance Verb Construction”}, year = {2022} } @incollection{GüldemannFiedler2019, address = {Berlin}, author = {Güldemann, Tom and Fiedler, Ines}, booktitle = {Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity}, volume = {1: {{General}} Issues and Specific Studies}, editor = {Garbo, Francesca and Olsson, Bruno and Wälchli, Bernhard}, pages = {95--145}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, sortname = {Guldemann, Tom and Fiedler, Ines}, title = {{Niger}-{{{Congo}}} “Noun Classes” Conflate Gender with Deriflection}, year = {2019} } @incollection{Güldemann2008, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Güldemann, Tom}, booktitle = {A Linguistic Geography of {{{Africa}}}}, editor = {Heine, Bernd and Nurse, Derek}, pages = {151--185}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, sortname = {Guldemann, Tom}, title = {The {{Macro-{Sudan}}} Belt: {{Towards}} Identifying a Linguistic Area in {Northern} Sub-{{{Saharan} {Africa}}}}, year = {2008} } @incollection{Güldemann2007, address = {Berlin}, author = {Güldemann, Tom}, booktitle = {Focus Strategies in {{{African}}} Languages}, editor = {E. O. Aboh and Hartmann, K. and Zimmermann, Malte}, pages = {83--112}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, sortname = {Guldemann, Tom}, title = {Preverbal Objects and Information Structure in {{{Benue-}{Congo}}}}, year = {2007} } @incollection{GuéroisFut, address = {Oxford}, author = {Guérois, Rozenn}, booktitle = {The {{{Oxford}}} Guide to the {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, editor = {Marten, Lutz and Kula, Nancy C. and Hurst, Ellen and Zeller, Jochen}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, sortname = {Guérois, Rozenn}, title = {Passive Constructions}, year = {2025} } @incollection{Gundel1988, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Gundel, Jeanette K.}, booktitle = {Studies in Syntactic Typology}, doi = {10.1075/tsl.17}, editor = {Hammond, Michael and Moravcsik, Edith A. and Wirth, Jessica}, pages = {209--242}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Universals of Topic-Comment Structure}, year = {1988} } @misc{Grégoire1993, address = {Leiden}, author = {Grégoire, Claire}, booktitle = {Presented at the 23rd {Colloquium} on {African} {Languages and Linguistics}}, langid = {french}, sortname = {Gregoire, Claire}, title = {L’ordre {{SOV}?} du {{Nen}}: {{{E}}}xception ou généralisation d’une tendance répandue en bantoue du nord-ouest}, year = {1993} } @incollection{Grinevald2000, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Grinevald, Colette}, booktitle = {Systems of Nominal Classification}, editor = {Senft, Gunther}, pages = {50--92}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {A Morphosyntactic Typology of Classifiers}, year = {2000} } @incollection{Good2010, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Good, Jeff}, booktitle = {The Expression of Information Structure: {{A}} Documentation of Its Diversity across {{{Africa}}}}, editor = {Fiedler, Ines and Schwarz, Anne}, pages = {35--68}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Topic and Focus Fields in {{{Naki}}}}, date = {2010-03-24} } @incollection{Givón1984a, address = {Washington}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, booktitle = {Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: {{Linguistic}} Application}, editor = {Schiffrin, Deborah}, pages = {120--138}, publisher = {Georgetown University}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {The Pragmatics of Referentiality}, year = {1984} } @incollection{Givón1984, address = {London and Orlando}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, booktitle = {Objects: {{Towards}} a theory of grammatical relations}, editor = {Plank, Frans}, pages = {151--182}, publisher = {Academic Press}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Direct Object and {Dative} Shifting: {{S}}emantic and Pragmatic Case}, year = {1984} } @incollection{Givón1976, address = {New York}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, booktitle = {Subject and Topic}, editor = {Li, Charles}, pages = {149--188}, publisher = {Academic Press}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Topic, Pronoun and Grammatical Agreement}, year = {1976} } @incollection{Givón1975, address = {Austin}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, booktitle = {Word Order and Word Order Change}, editor = {Li, Charles N.}, pages = {47--112}, publisher = {University of Texas Press}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Serial Verbs and Syntactic Change: {{{Niger}-{Congo}}}}, year = {1975} } @incollection{FrascarelliHinterhölzl2007, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Frascarelli, Mara and Hinterhölzl, Roland}, booktitle = {On Information Structure, Meaning and Form}, editor = {Schwabe, Kerstin and Winkler, Susanne}, pages = {87--116}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Frascarelli, Mara and Hinterholzl, Roland}, title = {Types of Topics in {{{German}}} and {{{Italian}}}}, date = {2007-03-08} } @incollection{Fleisch2005, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Fleisch, Axel}, booktitle = {Studies in {{{African}}} Linguistic Typology}, editor = {Voeltz, Friedrich Karl Erhard}, pages = {93--111}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {64}, title = {Agent Phrases in {{{Bantu}}} Passives}, year = {2005} } @incollection{FiedlerEtAl2010, address = {Oxford}, author = {Fiedler, Ines and Hartmann, Katharina and Reineke, Brigitte and Schwarz, Anne and Zimmermann, Malte}, booktitle = {Information Structure: {{Theoretical}}, Typological and Experimental Perspectives}, editor = {Zimmermann, Malte and Féry, Caroline}, pages = {234--257}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Subject Focus in {{{West} {African}}} Languages}, year = {2010} } @incollection{FanselowĆavar2002, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Fanselow, Gisbert and Ćavar, Damir}, booktitle = {Theoretical Approaches to Universals}, editor = {Alexiadou, Artemis}, pages = {65--107}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Fanselow, Gisbert and Cavar, Damir}, title = {Distributed Deletion}, year = {2002} } @incollection{Fanselow2013, address = {Berlin}, author = {Fanselow, Gisbert}, booktitle = {A {{{Festschrift}}} for {{Susan Olsen}}}, doi = {doi:10.1524/9783050063799.11}, editor = {Härtl, Holden}, pages = {11--25}, publisher = {Akademie Verlag}, title = {Morphological Mismatches in Discontinuous Noun Phrases}, year = {2013} } @incollection{DryerGensler2005, address = {Oxford}, author = {Dryer, Matthew S. and Gensler, Orin D.}, booktitle = {The {{World Atlas}} of {{Language Structures}}}, editor = {Haspelmath, Martin and Dryer, Matthew S. and Gil, David and Comrie, Bernard}, pages = {342--345}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb}, year = {2005} } @incollection{Dryer2013, address = {Leipzig}, author = {Dryer, Matthew S.}, booktitle = {The {{World Atlas}} of {{Language Structures Online}}.}, editor = {Dryer, Matthew S. and Haspelmath, Martin}, publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/83, Accessed on 2022-02-11.)}, title = {Order of {{Object}} and {{Verb}}.}, year = {2013} } @incollection{DowningMarten2019, address = {London \& New York}, author = {Downing, Laura J. and Marten, Lutz}, booktitle = {The {{{Bantu}}} languages}, edition = {2nd edition}, editor = {Van de Velde, Mark and Bostoen, Koen and Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {270--307}, publisher = {Routledge}, series = {Routledge {{Language Family Series}}}, title = {Clausal Morphosyntax and Information Structure}, year = {2019} } @incollection{DowningHyman2016, address = {Oxford}, author = {Downing, Laura J. and Hyman, Larry M.}, booktitle = {The {{{Oxford}}} Handbook of Information Structure}, editor = {Féry, Caroline and Ishihara, Shinichiro}, pages = {790--813}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Information Structure in {{{Bantu}}}}, year = {2016} } @incollection{Devos2017, address = {Berlin}, author = {Devos, Maud}, booktitle = {The Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation in {{{Bantu}}}}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Hyman, Larry M.}, pages = {122--146}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {Shangaji Paired Tenses: {{Emergene}} of a Conjoint/Disjoint System?}, year = {2017} } @incollection{DestruelEtAl2015, address = {Berlin}, author = {Destruel, Emilie and Velleman, Daniel and Onea, Edgar and Bumford, Dylan and Xue, Jingyang and Beaver, David}, booktitle = {Experimental Perspectives on Presuppositions}, editor = {Schwarz, Florian}, pages = {135--156}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {A Cross-Linguistic Study of the Non-at-Issueness of Exhaustive Inferences}, year = {2015} } @incollection{DenDikken2017, address = {London}, author = {Den Dikken, Marcel}, booktitle = {The {{Wiley {Blackwell} companion}} to {{syntax}}}, edition = {2}, editor = {Everaert, Martin and Riemsdijk, Henk}, pages = {1--138}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, title = {Pseudoclefts and other specificational copular sentences}, year = {2017} } @incollection{DenDikken2013, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Den Dikken, Marcel}, booktitle = {Cleft Structures}, editor = {Veenstra, Tonjes and Hartmann, Katharina}, pages = {35--70}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Predication and Specification in the Syntax of Cleft Sentences}, year = {2013} } @incollection{DenDikken2006, address = {Hoboken}, author = {Den Dikken, Marcel}, booktitle = {The {{{Blackwell} Companion}} to {{Syntax}}}, doi = {10.1002/9780470996591.ch61}, editor = {Everaert, Martin and van Riemsdijk, Henk}, pages = {292--409}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}, title = {Specificational Copular Sentences and Pseudoclefts}, year = {2006} } @incollection{Demuth1987, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Demuth, Katherine}, booktitle = {Coherence and {{grounding}} in {{discourse}}}, editor = {Tomlin, Russell S.}, pages = {91--108}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Discourse Functions of Word Order in {{Sesotho}} Acquisition}, series = {Typological Studies in Language}, number = {11}, year = {1987} } @incollection{Creissels2018, address = {Berlin}, author = {Creissels, Denis}, booktitle = {The Languages and Linguistics of {{{Africa}}}}, doi = {10.1515/9783110421668-007}, editor = {Güldemann, Tom}, pages = {712--821}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {Current Issues in {{{African}}} Morphosyntactic Typology}, date = {2018-09-10} } @incollection{Creissels2017, address = {Berlin}, author = {Creissels, Denis}, booktitle = {The Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation in {{{Bantu}}}}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Hyman, Larry M.}, pages = {200--38}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {The Conjoint/Disjoint Distinction in the Tonal Morphology of {{{Tswana}}}}, year = {2017} } @incollection{CostaKula2008, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Costa, João and Kula, Nancy C.}, booktitle = {The {{{Bantu}-{Romance}}} Connection}, editor = {Cat, C. and Demuth, K.}, pages = {293--322}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Costa, Joao and Kula, Nancy C.}, title = {Focus at the Interface: {{{E}}}vidence from {{{Romance}}} and {{{Bantu}}}}, year = {2008} } @incollection{ClementsRialland2008, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Clements, George N. and Rialland, Annie}, booktitle = {A Linguistic Geography of {{{Africa}}}}, editor = {Heine, Bernd and Nurse, Derek}, pages = {36--87}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Africa} as a Phonological Area}, year = {2008} } @incollection{Chomsky2015, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Chomsky, Noam}, booktitle = {Structures, Strategies and Beyond: {{Studies}} in Honour of {{Adriana Belletti}}}, editor = {Elisa Di Domenico and Cornelia Hamann and Simona Matteini}, pages = {1--16}, publisher = {Benjamins}, title = {Problems of Projection: {{{E}}}xtensions}, year = {2015} } @incollection{ChengDowning2013, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Cheng, Lisa L.-S. and Downing, Laura J.}, booktitle = {Cleft structures}, editor = {Hartmann, K. and Veenstra, T.}, pages = {141--164}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Clefts in Durban {Zulu}}, year = {2013} } @incollection{ChengDowning2012, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen and Downing, Laura J.}, booktitle = {Contrasts and Positions in Information Structure}, editor = {{Kučerová, Ivona} and {Neeleman, Ad}}, pages = {247--266}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Against {{{FocusP}}}: {{Arguments}} from {{{Zulu}}}}, year = {2012} } @incollection{Chafe1987, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Chafe, Wallace L.}, booktitle = {Coherence and Grounding in Discourse}, editor = {Tomlin, Russell}, pages = {21--51}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Cognitive Constraints on Information Flow}, year = {1987} } @incollection{Chafe1976, address = {New York}, author = {Chafe, Wallace L.}, booktitle = {Subject and Topic}, editor = {Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A.}, pages = {27--55}, publisher = {Academic Press}, title = {Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics and Point of View}, year = {1976} } @incollection{CassimjeeKisseberth1999, address = {Tokyo}, author = {Cassimjee, Farida and Kisseberth, Charles W.}, booktitle = {Cross Linguistic Studies of Tonal Phenomena: {{Tonogenesis}}, Typology and Related Topics}, editor = {Kaji, S.}, pages = {261 287}, publisher = {{Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures (ILCAA)}}, title = {Tonal Variation across {{Emakhuwa}} Dialects}, year = {1999} } @incollection{Büring2016, address = {Oxford}, author = {Büring, Daniel}, booktitle = {The {{Oxford}} Handbook of Information Structure}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.002}, editor = {Féry, Caroline and Ishihara, Shinichiro}, pages = {64--85}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, sortname = {Buring, Daniel}, title = {({{Contrastive}}) {{Topic}}}, date = {2016-07-28} } @article{BostoenKoniMuluwa2021, author = {Bostoen, Koen and Koni Muluwa, Joseph}, note = {Presented at the {{online}} workshop \emph{{Typological Perspectives on Focus Marking in {{{African}}} Languages}}}, title = {The {{immediate before verb focus position}} in {{{West}-Coastal {Bantu}}}: Some comparative data}, year = {2021} } @incollection{Blanche-Benvensite2002, address = {Bern}, author = {Blanche-Benvensite, Claire}, booktitle = {Macro-Syntaxe et Macro-Sémantique : {{Actes}} Du Colloque International d'{{Arhus}}}, editor = {Andersen, Hanne L. and Nølke, Henning}, pages = {95--118}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, title = {Macro-Syntaxe et Micro-Syntaxe : {{L}}es Dispositifs de {La} Rection Verbale}, volume = {Sciences pour la communication}, year = {2002} } @incollection{Biberauer2017, address = {Cambrdge, MA}, author = {Biberauer, Theresa}, booktitle = {The {{Final-Over-Final Condition}}: {A} Syntactic Universal}, editor = {Sheehan, Michelle and Biberauer, Theresa and Roberts, Ian and Holmberg, Anders}, pages = {187--296}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, title = {The {{Final-Over-Final Condition}} and Particles}, year = {2017} } @incollection{BeermannAsiimweFut, address = {Oxford}, author = {Beermann, Dorothee and Asiimwe, Allen}, booktitle = {Approaches to Morphosyntactic Variation in {{{Bantu}}}}, editor = {Bloom Ström, Eva-Marie and Guérois, Rozenn and Gibson, Hannah and Marten, Lutz}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Locatives in {{Runyankore-Rukiga}}}, year = {2024}, pages = {273--290}, DOI = {10.1093/oso/9780198821359.003.0010} } @incollection{Bearth2003, address = {London, New York}, author = {Bearth, Thomas}, booktitle = {The {{Bantu}} Languages}, editor = {Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard}, pages = {121--142}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {Syntax}, year = {2003} } @incollection{Ariel2001, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Ariel, Mira}, booktitle = {Text Representation: {{L}}inguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects}, editor = {Sanders, Ted and Schilperoord, Joost and Spooren, Wilbert}, pages = {29--88}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {Accessibility Theory: {An} Overview}, year = {2001} } @incollection{Apothéloz2012, address = {Bern}, author = {Apothéloz, Denis}, booktitle = {Grammaire de la période}, editor = {Alain Berrendonner}, pages = {207--232}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, sortname = {Apotheloz, Denis}, langid = {french}, title = {Pseudo-clivées et constructions apparentées}, year = {2012} } @incollection{Aissen2023, address = {Honolulu, HI}, author = {Aissen, Judith}, booktitle = {{Key} Topics in Language Documentation and Description}, editor = {Jenks, Peter and Lev Michael}, number = {26}, pages = {11--57}, publisher = {Department of Linguistics, UHM}, series = {Language {{Documentation}} \& {{Conservation Special Publication}}}, title = {Documenting Topic and Focus}, url = {https://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp26/}, year = {2023} } @book{É.Kiss1995, address = {Oxford}, author = {É. Kiss, Katalin}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, sortname = {E. Kiss, Katalin}, title = {Discourse configurational languages}, year = {1995} } @book{vanderWalHyman2017, address = {Berlin}, booktitle = {The Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation in {{{Bantu}}}}, editor = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Hyman, Larry M.}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {The Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation in {{{Bantu}}}}, year = {2017} } @book{vanderWal2022, address = {Oxford}, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke }, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {A Featural Typology of {{{Bantu}}} Agreement}, year = {2022} } @book{vanderWal2009a, address = {Utrecht}, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke }, publisher = {LOT}, title = {Word order and information structure in {Makhuwa}-Enahara}, year = {2009} } @book{Williamson1965, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Williamson, Kay}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, series = {West {{African Mongraphs}} 2}, title = {A Grammar of the {{Kolokuma}} Dialect of {{Ịjọ}}}, year = {1965} } @book{Wilkendorf2001, address = {Yaoundé}, author = {Wilkendorf, Patricia}, publisher = {SIL Cameroon}, title = {Sketch Grammar of {{Nomaánde}}: {{Sections}} 1-4}, year = {2001} } @book{VandeVelde2008, address = {Berlin}, author = {Van de Velde, Mark}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, title = {A Grammar of {{Eton}}}, year = {2008} } @book{Vallduví1992, address = {New York}, author = {Vallduví, Enric}, publisher = {Garland}, sortname = {Vallduvi, Enric}, title = {The {{informational component}}}, year = {1992} } @book{Taylor1985, address = {London}, author = {Taylor, Charles}, publisher = {Croom Helm}, title = {{Nkore-Kiga}}, year = {1985} } @book{Stucky1985, address = {New York}, author = {Stucky, Susan}, publisher = {Garland Publishing}, title = {Order in {{Makua}} Syntax}, year = {1985} } @phdthesis{Stanley1997, address = {Paris}, author = {Stanley, Carol}, school = {Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle}, title = {Description {{Morpho-Syntaxique}} de {La} {La}ngue {{Tikar}} (Parlée Au {{Cameroun}})}, year = {1997} } @book{SkopeteasEtAl2006, address = {Potsdam}, author = {Skopeteas, Stavros and Fiedler, Ines and Hellmuth, Samantha and Schwarz, Anne and Stoel, Ruben and Fanselow, Gisbert and Féry, Caroline and Krifka, Manfred}, number = {4}, publisher = {University of Potsdam}, series = {Interdisciplinary {{Studies}} on {{Information Structure}}}, sortname = {Skopeteas, Stavros and Fiedler, Ines and Hellmuth, Samantha and Schwarz, Anne and Stoel, Ruben and Fanselow, Gisbert and Fery, Caroline and Krifka, Manfred}, title = {Questionnaire on {Information Structure} {QUIS}}, year = {2006} } @book{SitoeNgunga2000, address = {Maputo}, author = {Sitoe, Bento and Ngunga, Armindo}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {NELIMO}, title = {Relatório do {II} seminário sobre a padronização da ortografia de línguas Moçambicanas}, year = {2000} } @book{SheehanEtAl2017, address = {Cambridge, MA}, author = {Sheehan, Michelle and Biberauer, Theresa and Roberts, Ian and Holmberg, Anders}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, title = {The Final-over-Final Condition: {{A}} Syntactic Universal}, year = {2017} } @book{SchadebergMucanheia2000, address = {Cologne}, author = {Schadeberg, Thilo C. and Mucanheia, Francisco Ussene}, publisher = {Rüdiger Köppe Verlag}, title = {Ekoti: {{T}}he {Maka} or {Swahili} language of {Angoche}}, year = {2000} } @book{Roubaud2000, address = {Paris}, author = {Roubaud, Marie-Noëlle}, publisher = {Champion}, title = {Les Constructions Pseudo-Clivées En Français Contemporain}, year = {2000} } @book{Roberts2019, address = {Oxford}, author = {Roberts, Ian G.}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Parameter Hierarchies and {{Universal Grammar}}}, year = {2019} } @book{RenansEtAl2010, address = {Potsdam}, author = {Renans, Agata and Zimmermann, Malte and Greif, Markus}, publisher = {Universitätsverlag Potsdam}, series = {Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure: {{ISIS}}; Working Papers of the {{SFB}} 632-15}, title = {Questionnaire on Focus Semantics}, url = {https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4714}, year = {2010} } @book{Reinhart2006, address = {Cambridge, MA}, author = {Reinhart, Tanya}, publisher = {MIT Press}, title = {Interface strategies}, year = {2006} } @book{Pozdniakov2018, author = {Pozdniakov, Konstantin}, title = {{The} numeral system of {Proto}-{Niger}-{Congo}}, subtitle = {A step-by-step reconstruction}, year = {2018}, series = {Niger-Congo Comparative Studies}, number = {2}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.1311704} } @book{PiresPrata1990, address = {Lisbon}, author = {Pires Prata, P. António}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Instituto de Investigação Tropical}, sortname = {Pires Prata, P. Antonio}, title = {Dicionário Macua-{Português}}, year = {1990} } @book{PiresPrata1973, address = {Cucujães}, author = {Pires Prata, P. António}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Sociedade Missionária Portuguesa}, sortname = {Pires Prata, P. Antonio}, title = {Dicionário {Português}-Macua}, year = {1973} } @book{PiresPrata1960, address = {Cucujães}, author = {Pires Prata, P. António}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Sociedade missionária Portuguesa}, sortname = {Pires Prata, P. Antonio}, title = {Gramática da lingua Macua e seus dialectos}, year = {1960} } @book{Persohn2020, author = {Persohn, Bastian}, title = {The verb in {Nyakyusa}}, subtitle = {A focus on tense, aspect, and modality}, year = {2020}, series = {Contemporary African Linguistics}, number = {2}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Language Science Press}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4287412} } @book{Paulian1975, address = {Paris}, author = {Paulian, Christiane}, langid = {french}, publisher = {SELAF}, title = {{Le} kukuya: {{L}}angue teke du {{Congo}}}, year = {1975} } @book{Ott2012, address = {Berlin, Boston}, author = {Ott, Dennis C.}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, title = {Local {{Instability}}: {{Split Topicalization}} and {{Quantifier Float}} in {{{German}}}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110290950}, year = {2012} } @book{Odden1996, address = {Oxford, New York}, author = {Odden, David}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {The Phonology and Morphology of {{Kimatuumbi}}}, date = {1996-01-11} } @book{Ntahokaja1994, address = {Bujumbura}, author = {Ntahokaja, Jean-Baptiste}, publisher = {ACCT}, title = {Grammaire Structurale Du Kirundi}, year = {1994} } @book{Nicolae2019, address = {Oxford}, author = {Nicolae, Alexandru}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Word {{Order}} and {{Parameter Change}} in {{{Romanian}}}: {{A Comparative {Romance} Perspective}}}, year = {2019} } @book{Nhantumbo2005, address = {Maputo}, author = {Nhantumbo, Nelsa}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Monografia de licenciatura, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane}, title = {A morfofonologia da marca do passado em Copi}, year = {2005} } @book{NgungaFaquir2011, address = {Maputo}, author = {Ngunga, Armindo and Faquir, Osvaldo}, number = {3}, publisher = {Centro de Estudos Africanos, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane}, series = {As Nossas Línguas}, title = {Padronização da ortografia de línguas Moçambicanas: {{R}}elatório do {III} seminário}, year = {2011} } @book{Ndoleriire2020, address = {Kampala}, author = {Ndoleriire, Oswald}, publisher = {Makerere University Press}, title = {Runyakitara Language Studies: {{A}} guide for advanced learners and teachers of {Runyakitara}}, year = {2020} } @book{Myers1990, address = {New York}, author = {Myers, Scott}, publisher = {Garland}, title = {Tone and the Structure of Words in {{{Shona}}}}, year = {1990} } @book{MwangokaVoorhoeve1960, address = {Leiden}, author = {Mwangoka, Ngapona and Voorhoeve, Jan}, publisher = {Rijksuniversiteit Leiden}, title = {Cursus Ki-{Nyakyusa}}, year = {1960} } @book{MorrisKirwan1972, address = {Kampala}, author = {Morris, Henry Francis and Kirwan, Brian Edmond R.}, publisher = {East Africa Literature Bureau}, title = {Runyankore grammar}, year = {1972} } @book{MoretonNjock1968, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {Moreton, Rebecca L. and Njock, H. M. Bôt Ba}, publisher = {Center for Applied Linguistics}, title = {{Cameroon} {{Basaa}}}, year = {1968} } @book{NdongaMfuwa1995, address = {Paris}, author = {Ndonga Mfuwa, {Manuel}}, langid = {french}, publisher = {Université René Descartes}, title = {Systématique grammaticale du kisikongo ({Angola})}, year = {1995} } @book{Merchant2001, address = {Oxford}, author = {Merchant, Jason}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {The Syntax of Silence: {Sluicing}, Islands, and the Theory of Ellipsis}, year = {2001} } @book{Meeussen1959, address = {Tervuren}, author = {Meeussen, Achille Emile}, publisher = {Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge}, title = {Essai de {{grammaire {rundi}}}}, year = {1959} } @book{Mchombo2004, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Mchombo, Sam A.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The Syntax of {{{Chichewa}}}}, year = {2004} } @book{Matos1974, address = {Lisbon}, author = {de Matos, P. Alexandre Valente}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar}, title = {Dicionário {Português}-Macua}, year = {1974} } @book{Lyons1999, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Lyons, Christopher}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Definiteness}, year = {1999} } @book{LoT2009, address = {Dar es Salaam}, author = {{Languages of Tanzania Project (LoT)}}, langid = {swahili}, publisher = {University of Dar es Salaam}, shortauthor = {LoT}, sortname = {{Languages of Tanzania Project (LoT)}}, title = {Atlasi ya lugha za {Tanzania}}, year = {2009} } @book{Lindblom1914, address = {Munich}, author = {Lindblom, Gerhard}, publisher = {LINCOM}, title = {Outlines of a {{{Tharaka}}} Grammar: {{With}} a List of Words and Specimens of the Language}, year = {1914} } @book{Levinson2000, address = {Cambridge, MA}, author = {Levinson, Stephen C.}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/5526.001.0001}, publisher = {MIT Press}, shorttitle = {Presumptive Meanings}, title = {Presumptive Meanings: {The} Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature}, date = {2000-04-24} } @book{Lambrecht1994, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Lambrecht, Knud}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511620607}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, shorttitle = {Information {{Structure}} and {{Sentence Form}}}, series = {Cambridge Studies in Linguistics}, number = {71}, title = {Information Structure and Sentence Form: {{Topic}}, Focus, and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents}, year = {1994} } @book{Kimenyi1980, address = {Berkeley}, author = {Kimenyi, Alexandre}, publisher = {University of California Press}, title = {A Relational Grammar of {{{Kinyarwanda}}}}, url = {https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2992546}, year = {1980} } @book{Kayne1994, address = {Cambridge, MA}, author = {Kayne, Richard S.}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, title = {The {{Antisymmetry}} of {{Syntax}}}, year = {1994} } @book{Karttunen1968, address = {Santa Monica, CA}, author = {Karttunen, Lauri}, publisher = {Rand Corporation}, title = {What do referential indices refer to?}, year = {1968} } @book{Julien2002, address = {Oxford}, author = {Julien, Marit}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Syntactic Heads and Word Formation}, year = {2002} } @book{Jespersen1937, address = {Copenhagen}, author = {Jespersen, Otto}, publisher = {{Levin and Munksgaard}}, title = {Analytic Syntax}, year = {1937} } @book{Ittmann1978, address = {Douala, Cameroun}, author = {Ittmann, Johannes}, publisher = {Collège Libermann}, title = {Grammaire Du Duala}, year = {1978} } @book{Higgins2015, address = {Cambridge MA}, author = {Higgins, Francis Roger}, eprint = {LrsBCgAAQBAJ}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {{{English}}}}, date = {2015-06-26} } @book{Higgins1979, address = {New York}, author = {Higgins, Francis Roger}, publisher = {Garland}, title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {{{English}}}}, year = {1979} } @book{HeineTraugott1991, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Heine, Bernd and Traugott, Elizabeth C.}, number = {19}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {Typological {{Studies}} in {{Language}}}, title = {Approaches to Grammaticalization}, volume = {1: {{Theoretical}} and Methodological Issues}, year = {1991} } @book{HeineEtAl2004, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Heine, Bernd and Tania Kuteva}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {World Lexicon of Grammaticalization}, year = {2004} } @book{Heine1997, address = {Oxford}, author = {Heine, Bernd}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Cognitive Foundations of Grammar}, year = {1997} } @book{Heine1984, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Heine, B. and M. Reh}, publisher = {Helmut Buske}, title = {Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in {{{African}}} Languages}, year = {1984} } @book{Heine1976, address = {Berlin}, author = {Heine, Bernd}, publisher = {Dietrich Reimer}, title = {A Typology of {{{African}}} Languages Based on the Order of Meaningful Elements}, year = {1976} } @book{Hawkins1983, address = {New York}, author = {Hawkins, John}, publisher = {Academic Press}, title = {Word Order Universals}, year = {1983} } @book{HarrisCampbell1995, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Harris, Alice C. and Campbell, Lyle}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Historical Syntax in Cross Linguistic Perspective}, year = {1995} } @book{HammarströmEtAl2022, address = {Leipzig}, annotation = {Published: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology}, author = {Hammarström, Harald and Forkel, Robert and Haspelmath, Martin and Bank, Sebastian}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7398962}, publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology}, sortname = {Hammarstrom, Harald and Forkel, Robert and Haspelmath, Martin and Bank, Sebastian}, title = {Glottolog 4.7}, url = {https://glottolog.org/}, year = {2022} } @book{Haider2013, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Haider, Hubert}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Symmetry Breaking in Syntax}, year = {2013} } @book{Haider2010, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Haider, Hubert}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The Syntax of {{{German}}}}, year = {2010} } @incollection{Güldemann2010, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Güldemann, Tom}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, title = {The Relation between Focus and Theticity in the {{Tuu}} Family}, editor = {Fiedler, Ines and Schwarz, Anne}, booktitle = {The {{expression}} of {{information structure}}: {{A documentation}} of {{its diversity across Africa}}}, pages= {69-94}, year = {2010} } @book{Guthrie1948, address = {Oxford}, author = {Guthrie, Malcolm}, publisher = {Oxford University Press for The International Africa Institute}, title = {The Classification of the {{{Bantu}}} Languages}, year = {1948} } @phdthesis{Gundel1974, address = {Austin, TX}, author = {Gundel, Jeanette K.}, school = {University of Texas at Austin}, title = {The Role of {{Topic}} and {{Comment}} in Linguistic Theory}, year = {1974} } @book{Gregoire1975, address = {Tervuren}, author = {Grégoire, Claire}, langid = {french}, publisher = {Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale}, title = {Les locatifs en bantou}, year = {1975} } @book{Givón2001, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Syntax: {{An}} introduction}, volume = 2, year = {2001} } @book{Givón1990, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Givón, Talmy}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Syntax: {A} functional typological introduction}, volume = {2}, year = {1990} } @book{Givón1983, address = {Amsterdam}, booktitle = {Topic Continuity in Discourse: {A} Quantitative Cross-Language Study}, editor = {Givón, Talmy}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, sortname = {Givon, Talmy}, title = {Topic Continuity in Discourse: {A} Quantitative Cross-Language Study}, year = {1983} } @book{Felberg1996, address = {Dar es Salaam}, author = {Felberg, Knut}, publisher = {Mkuki na Nyota Publishers}, title = {Kinyakyusa-{English}-{Swahili} dictionary}, year = {1996} } @book{Erteschik-Shir2007, address = {Oxford}, author = {Erteschik-Shir, Nomi}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Information Structure: {{The}} Syntax-Discourse Interface}, year = {2007} } @book{Erteschik-Shir1997, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Erteschik-Shir, Nomi}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The Dynamics of Focus Structure}, year = {1997} } @book{EbertHinterwimmer2012, address = {Dordrecht}, editor = {Ebert, Cornelia and Hinterwimmer, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Different Kinds of Specificity across Languages}, number = {92}, series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, year = {2012} } @book{EberhardEtAl2022, address = {Dallas, Texas}, booktitle = {{Ethnologue}: {{Languages}} of the {{World}}}, edition = 25, editor = {Eberhard, David M. and Simons, Gary F. and Fennig, Charles D.}, publisher = {SIL International}, title = {{Ethnologue}: {{Languages}} of the {{World}}}, year = {2022} } @book{EberhardEtAl2020, address = {Dallas, Texas}, booktitle = {{Ethnologue}: {{Languages}} of the {{World}}}, edition = 23, editor = {Eberhard, David M. and Simons, Gary F. and Fennig, Charles D.}, publisher = {SIL International}, title = {{Ethnologue}: {{Languages}} of the {{World}}}, year = {2020} } @book{Dugast1975, address = {Paris}, author = {Dugast, Idelette}, publisher = {Société d'études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France}, title = {Contes, Proverbes et Devinettes Des {{Banen}}: {{Sud-Ouest}} Du {{Cameroun}}}, year = {1975} } @book{Dugast1971, address = {Paris}, author = {Dugast, Idelette}, publisher = {Éd. 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(Doctoral dissertation.)}, title = {Narrowing the Focus: {{Experimental}} Studies in Exhaustivity and Contrast}, year = {2013} } @book{BogersEtAl2016, address = {Berlin}, author = {Bogers, Koen and van der Hulst, Harry and Mous, Maarten}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, place = {Berlin}, title = {The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentals: {{Studies}} on {{{African}}} Languages Offered to {{{John} M}}. {{{Stewart}}} on His 60th Birthday}, volume = {4}, year = {2016} } @book{Bibliasolempwasowarya1999, address = {Nampula}, publisher = {Centro Catequético Paulo VI}, title = {Biblia solempwa sowarya}, year = {1999} } @book{Belika2015, address = {London}, author = {Belika, Léopold Molel}, publisher = {Éditions universitaires européennes}, sortname = {Belika, Leopold Molel}, title = {{La} Notion de Personne Humaine Chez Les {{Banen}} Du {{Cameroun}}}, year = {2015} } @book{BeaverClark2008, address = {Oxford}, author = {Beaver, David and Clark, Brady}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, series = {Explorations in {{Semantics}}}, title = {Sense and Sensitivity: {{How}} Focus Determines Meaning}, year = {2008} } @book{Ariel1990, address = {London}, author = {Ariel, Mira}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents}, year = {1990} } @book{Afido1997, address = {Maputo}, author = {Afido, Pedro J.}, langid = {portuguese}, publisher = {Associação dos Amigos da Ilha de Moçambique}, title = {Olavula Emakhuwa}, year = {1997} } @article{Šimík2018, author = {Šimík, Radek}, issue = {2}, journal = {Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung}, number = {2}, pages = {375--392}, sortname = {Simik, Radek}, title = {Ever Free Relatives Crosslinguistically}, volume = {22}, year = {2018} } @article{É.Kiss1998, author = {É. 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journal = {Linguistics}, number = {1}, pages = {1--52}, shorttitle = {How ‘Person’ Got into Focus}, title = {How ‘Person’ Got into Focus: {{Grammaticalization}} of Clefts in {{{Lingala}}} and {{{Kikongo}}} Areas}, volume = {53}, date = {2015-01-01} } @article{vanderWalLusekelo2022, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Lusekelo, Amani}, journal = {Studies in African Linguistics}, number = {2}, pages = {324--346}, title = {The {{V}} and {{{CV}}} Augment in {{Kinyakyusa}} and Exhaustivity}, volume = {51}, year = {2022} } @article{vanderWalAsiimwe2020, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke and Asiimwe, Allen}, journal = {Studies in African Linguistics}, number = {1}, pages = {43--59}, title = {The Tonal Residue of the Conjoint/Disjoint Alternation in {{Rukiga}}}, volume = {49}, year = {2020} } @article{vanderWal2021, author = {van der Wal, Jenneke }, journal = {Semantic Field Methods}, number = {2}, title = {On the Use of Idioms for Testing Focus}, volume = {3}, year = {2021} } 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