% -- Chapter 1 (Introduction):
@misc{deKind_Devos_etal_2013,
	author = {de Kind, Jasper and Devos, Maud and de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice and Bostoen, Koen},
	note = {Workshop on Information Structure in Bantu, Berlin, December 10-11},
	title = {{N}egation markers, focus markers and {Jespersen} cycles in {Kikongo} ({Bantu}, H16): {{A}} comparative and diachronic corpus-based approach},
	year = {2016}
}

@misc{Voyages_2019,
	author = {{Voyages}},
	url = {https://www.slavevoyages.org},
	title = {Voyages: {The} Trans-{A}tlantic Slave Trade Database},
	urldate = {2019-09-30},
	year = {2019}
}

@misc{VoyagesDatabase_2009,
	author = {{Voyages Database}},
	url = {https://www.slavevoyages.org},
	title = {Voyages: {T}he {T}rans-{A}tlantic {S}lave {T}rade {D}atabase},
	urldate = {2019-10-30},
	year = {2009}
}

@misc{UrbanDictionary_2007,
	author = {{Urban Dictionary}},
	url = {https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Cangriman},
	title = {“Cangriman” [lexical definition]},
	urldate = {2018-05-12},
	year = {2007}
}

@misc{US_Census_Bureau_2020,
	author = {{U. S. Census Bureau}},
	url = {https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US72&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1601&t=Language\%20Spoken\%20at\%20Home&vintage=2018&hidePreview=true&cid=S1601\_C01_001E},
	title = {Language Spoken at {Home}},
	urldate = {2020-01-15},
	year = {2020}
}

@misc{Seidel_1753,
	author = {Seidel, Nathanael},
	note = {Manuscript},
	title = {Zeugniße von den {C}ommunicanten unser {N}eger-{G}emeine in {S}. {{T}}homas verfertiget von {B}ruder {N}athanael in {G}emeinschaft der dortigen {A}rbeiter bey seiner {V}isitation in {S}. {{T}}homas im {M}onat {J}unio und {Julio} 1753},
	year = {1753}
}

@misc{RuizCorrea_2019,
	author = {Ruíz Correa, Sandra},
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	title = {The evolution of the {English} language in daily life in {Puerto Rico}: {{A}} socio-historical analysis of recent events and their impac},
	year = {2019}
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@misc{Robinson_2018,
	author = {Robinson, Jonathan},
	title = {Puggling through kintle for {B}obby {D}azzlers: {{T}}he evolving {{English}} {VoiceB}ank. 5th {c}onference of the {I}nternational {S}ociety for the {L}inguistics of {{English}} ({ISLE}), {U}niversity {C}ollege, {London} {July} 18, 2018},
	year = {2018}
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@misc{RealAcademiaEspañola_2020,
author = {{{R}eal {A}cademia {E}spa\~nola}},
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@misc{PerezCasas_2008,
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@misc{Numeral_Systems_ofthe_Worlds_Languages_2019,
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@misc{Norman_2017,
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@book{Muhr_2012,
	author = {Muhr, Rudolf},
	note = {In collaboration with Catrin Norrby, Leo Kretzenbacher, Carla Amorós Negre. In memory of Michael Clyne},
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	year = {2012}
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@misc{MendezAlberich_2006,
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	title = {{English} in a traffic jam in “{La} guaracha del {M}acho {C}amacho”},
	year = {2006}
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@misc{Lipski_2004,
	author = {Lipski, John},
	url = {https://lavis.as.ua.edu/handouts/lipski.pdf},
	title = {{Is “Spanglish” the third language of the {{South}}? {{T}}ruth and fantasy about {U}. {{S}}. {{S}}panish. {{I}}n Language Variation in the {{South}} ({LAVIS} {III}) 3rd Conference, Tuscaloosa, {AL} (Vol. 6)}},
	urldate = {2019-05-12},
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@misc{Lei_BR_10639_2003,
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	year = {2003}
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@misc{Huning_Kramer_2018,
	author = {Hüning, Matthias and Krämer, Philipp},
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@misc{Hammarstrom_2019,
	author = {Hammarström, Harald and Forkel, Robert and Haspelmath, Martin},
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@misc{GonzalezEcheverria_1997,
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	note = {New York Times, 28 (146) 50745, A29},
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@misc{Falcon_2004,
	author = {Falcon, Sandra M},
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	year = {2004}
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@misc{Dryer_Haspelmath_2013,
	author = {Dryer, Matthew S. and Haspelmath, Martin},
	url = {http://wals.info},
	title = {The World Atlas of Language Structures Online},
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	urldate = {2019-09-30},
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}

@misc{Dollinger_2016,
	author = {Dollinger, Stefan},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/26828790/On_parallels_differences_and_distortions_in_the_pluricentricity_of_English_and_German_SCRIPTED_TEXT_and_SLIDES},
	title = {{On parallels, differences and distortions in the pluricentricity of {English}  and {{German}}. {{P}}resentation at the {Deutsch} in Österreich ({{German}} in {{Austria}}) Conference: {{D}}eutsch in Österreich und anderere plurizentrische Kontexte. {{V}}ariation – Kontakt – Perzeption. {{S}}chönbrunn Castle, Vianna, {{Austria}}, 7 {July} 2016}},
	urldate = {2020-04-03},
	year = {2016}
}

@misc{Davies_2002,
	author = {Davies, Mark},
	url = {{http://www.corpusdelespanol.org/hist-gen/}},
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@misc{BritishLibraryBoard,
	author = {{British Library Board}},
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@misc{Brazil_1876,
	accessdate = {09 February 2020},
	author = {{Brasil}},
	url = {https://archive.org/details/recenseamento1872bras/page/n11/mode/2up},
	title = {Directoria {G}eral de {E}statística. {{R}}ecenseamento da população do {I}mperio do {Brazil} a quese procedeu no dia 1o de agosto de 1872. {{R}}io de {J}aneiro: {{T}}yp. {{D}}e G. {{L}}euzinger e {F}ilhos.},
	year = {1876}
}

@misc{Brasil_1824,
	accessdate = {07 February 2020},
	author = {{Brasil}},
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	year = {1824}
}

@misc{Bartens_inpreparation,
	author = {Bartens, Angela and Lisser, Tamirand Nnena De and Osei-Tutu, Kwaku Owusu Afriyie},
	pubstate = {In preparation},
	title = {Writing and reading a pluriareal language: {{F}}indings from a reading comprehension and translation task in {Atlantic} {English} {Pidgin}/{Creole}}
}

@misc{Bakker_KasperFyhnJacobsen,
	author = {Bakker, Peter and Kasper Fyhn Jacobsen},
	pubstate = {forthcoming},
	title = {Structural sketch of {Pidgin} {Congo}}
}

@misc{AmericanHeritage_dict_EnglishLanguage_2020,
	author = {{American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}},
	url = {{https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Spanglish}},
	title = {{“Spanglish”}. {{H}}oughton Mifflin Harcourt},
	urldate = {2019-09-02},
	year = {2020}
}

@phdthesis{vanSluijs_2017,
	address = {Nijmegen},
	author = {van Sluijs, Robert},
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	title = {{V}ariation and change in {V}irgin {I}slands {D}utch {C}reole: {T}ense, Modality and Aspect},
	year = {2017}
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@mastersthesis{Ziober_2014,
	address = {Recife},
	author = {Ziober, Fernanda Maciel},
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	title = {O escrivão {M}anoel de {B}arros e os termos da {I}rmanda de {N}ossa {S}enhora do {R}osário dos {H}omens {P}retos: {{O}} português popular do {R}ecife na primeira metade do século {XIX}},
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}

@mastersthesis{Walsh_1994,
	author = {Walsh, Maureen.},
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@phdthesis{Simonsen_2007,
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	year = {2007}
}

@mastersthesis{RuizGarcia_2001,
	address = {Albuquerque, NM},
	author = {Ruíz-García, Martha},
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	title = {{E}l español popular del Chocó: {{{E}}}videncia de una reestructuración parcial},
	type = {Dissertation},
	year = {2001}
}

@phdthesis{Pope_1970,
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	author = {Pope, Pauline Holman},
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	title = {Cruzan Slavery: {{A}}n Ethnohistorical Study of Differential Responses to Slavery in the {Danish} {West} {Indies}},
	year = {1970}
}

@mastersthesis{Oliveira_2006,
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}

@mastersthesis{Inverno_2005,
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	author = {Inverno, Liliana C. C},
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}

@phdthesis{Hopkins_1987,
	author = {Hopkins, Daniel P},
	school = {Louisiana State University},
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	year = {1987}
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@phdthesis{Chavagne_2005,
	address = {Lyon},
	author = {Chavagne, Jean-Pierre},
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	title = {{{La}} langue portugaise d́’{Angola} – étude des écritis par {U}niversité {L}umière {L}yon 2 rapport à {{La}} norma europénne du portugais},
	type = {Dissertation},
	langid = {french},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{BucheliBerger_2009,
	author = {Bucheli Berger, Claudia},
	location = {Zürich},
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	title = {Serielle Verbkonstruktionen in Frankokreolsprachen: {{B}}eschreibung, Genesetheorie und typologischer {Vergleich}},
    series = {Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine {Sprachwissenschaft} der {Universität} Zürich},
    number = {21},
	langid = {german},
	year = {2009}
}

@phdthesis{Boegh_2021,
	address = {Aarhus},
	author = {Bøegh, Kristoffer Friis},
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	title = {{C}rucian {C}reole: {A} sociohistorical and linguistic analysis of the {E}nglish-lexifier contact language of {S}t. {C}roix, {V}irgin {I}slands},
	type = {Dissertation},
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	year = {2021}
}

@article{BoeghBakker_2021,
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	year = {2021},
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	url = {https://neerlandistiek.nl/2021/09/nieuw-in-trefwoord-3/}
}

@book{PeaceCorps1995,
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  title     = {Mandinka -- English Dictionary},
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@incollection{Stein_2014,
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	title = {{D}r. med. {E}rik {P}ontoppidan und das {N}egerhollands},
	booktitle = {{A}usgewählte {A}rbeiten der {K}reolistik des {XIX}. {J}ahrhunderts. {S}elected works from {XIX}th century creolistics. {E}milio {T}eza, {T}homas {R}ussell, {E}rik {P}ontoppidan, {A}dolpho {C}oelho},
	editor = {Krämer, Philip},
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@article{KelleyLovejoy_2023,
	author = {Kelley, Sean M. and Paul E. Lovejoy},
	doi = {10.1163/2405836X-00802015},
	journal = {Journal of Global Slavery},
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	title = {Oldendorp’s ‘{A}mina’: {E}thnonyms, history, and identity in the {A}frican diaspora},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2023}
}

@article{Robertsetal_2024,
	author = {Roberts, Justin and Philip D. Morgan and Rasmus Christensen},
	doi = {10.1162/jinh_a_02006},
	journal = {Journal of Interdisciplinary History},
	number = {4},
	pages = {453–476},
	title = {The paradox of abolition: {S}ugar production and slave demography in {D}anish {S}t. {C}roix, 1792–1804},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2024}
}

@article{JensenSimonsen_2016,
	author = {Jensen, Niklas Thode and Simonsen, Gunvor},
	doi = {10.1080/03468755.2016.1210880},
	journal = {Scandinavian Journal of History},
	number = {4-5},
	pages = {475–494},
	title = {Introduction: {T}he historiography of slavery in the {Danish}-{Norwegian} {West} {I}ndies, c. 1950–2016},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2016}
}

@mastersthesis{Bello_2013,
	author = {Bello, Mariama},
	school = {University of Ghana},
	title = {Assessing language vitality and language endangerment of {L}ɛtɛ ({L}arteh)},
	year = {2013}
}

@misc{Auerbach_1774,
  author = {Auerbach, Joh. Christoph},
  title = {[{L}etter from {N}iesky in {S}t. {T}homas, 10 {March} 1774 to {F}riedrich {N}eisser, {B}arby, {Germany}.]},
  year = {1774},
  note = {Manuscript}
}

@mastersthesis{Assis_1998,
	address = {Recife, BR},
	author = {Assis, Virgínia Maria Almôedode},
	school = {Universidade Federal de Pernambuco},
	title = {Pretos e brancos – Aserviço de uma ideologia de dominação},
	type = {Thesis},
	year = {1998}
}


@mastersthesis{Asmussen_1983,
	author = {Asmussen, Jesper Bering},
	school = {Aarhus Universitet},
	title = {{Slave}demografi. {{S}}t. {{C}}roix’ Landdistrikter, 1803–1848 [{{Slave} demography. {{S}}t. {{C}}roix’s land districts, 1803–1848]}},
	type = {MA Thesis},
	year = {1983}
}


@mastersthesis{Ameka_1991,
	author = {Ameka, Felix},
	school = {Canberra, Australia: Australian National University},
	title = {{Ewe}: {{I}}ts grammatical constructions and illocutionary devices},
	type = {Dissertation},
	year = {1991}
}

@mastersthesis{AlvarezLopez_2004,
	author = {Álvarez López, Laura},
	school = {Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, University of Stockholm},
	title = {A língua de Camões com Iemanjá: {{F}}orma e funções da linguagem do candomblé},
	type = {Doctoral dissertation},
	year = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{Tomei_Hollington_2018,
	address = {Costa Rica, Heredia and Limón},
	author = {Renato Tomei and Andrea Hollington},
	booktitle = {{22nd Biennial Conference: “{C}onnecting the {{Caribbean}}: {{L}}anguages, Borders, and Identities” of the Society for {{Caribbean}} Linguistics}},
	pages = {5--11},
	title = {{Jamaican} linguistic practices in {Africa}: {{M}}usic as creative space of language},
	year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{Muhleisen_2018,
	author = {Mühleisen, Susanne},
	booktitle = {Connecting the {Caribbean}: {{L}}anguages, Borders, and Identities},
	editor = {Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica},
	note = {Paper presented at SCL \& SPCL 22nd Biennial Conference},
	title = {Comparative pronominal systems: {{C}}ognitive and pragmatic functions of second person plural pronouns in {West} {African} {Pidgins} and {Caribbean} {Creole}},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2018}
}

@incollection{vanderAuwera_2009,
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	doi = {10.1075/la.146.05auw},
	editor = {van Gelderen, Elly},
	pages = {35--71},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	title = {Chapter 3. {{T}}he {Jespersen} cycles},
	volume = {146},
	year = {2009}
}

@incollection{Zabrodskaja_2013,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Zabrodskaja, Anastassia},
	booktitle = {The interplay of variation and change in contact settings},
	editor = {Léglise, Isabelle and Chamoreau, Claudine},
	pages = {77--106},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Morphosyntactic contact-induced language change among young speakers of {Estonian} {Russian}},
	year = {2013}
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@incollection{Williamson_Blench_200,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Williamson, Kay and Blench, Roger},
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	title = {{Niger}-{Congo}},
	year = {2000}
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@incollection{Weindl_2008,
	address = {New Haven/London},
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	editor = {David Eltis and David Richardson},
	pages = {250-–271},
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	year = {2008}
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@incollection{Warnke_2017,
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	pages = {96–-100},
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	year = {2017}
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@incollection{Tyson_2011,
	address = {St. Croix, US VI},
	author = {Tyson, George},
	booktitle = {Christiansted at 275: {{C}}elebrating the 275th anniversary of the founding of {C}hristiansted, {S}t. {{C}}roix},
	editor = {David Hayes},
	pages = {29-–50},
	publisher = {The Society of Virgin Islands Historians},
	title = {Getting It Straight: {{T}}he Contributions of {A}fricans to the Establishment of {C}hristiansted},
	year = {2011}
}

@incollection{Talmy_2009,
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	editor = {Jiansheng Guo and Elena Lieven and Nancy Budwig and Susan Ervin-Tripp and Keiko Nakamura and Şeyda Özçalışkan},
	pages = {389--402},
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	year = {2009}
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@incollection{Talmy_1991,
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	year = {1991}
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@incollection{Talmy_1985,
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	pages = {57--149},
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	year = {1985}
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@incollection{Slobin_2004,
	address = {Mahwah, NJ},
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	pages = {219--257},
	publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	title = {The many ways to search for a frog: {L}inguistic typology \& the expression of motion events},
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	year = {2004}
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@incollection{Simonsen_Olsen_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Simonsen, Gunvor and Olsen, Poul Erik},
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	editor = {Poul Olsen},
	pages = {130--208},
	publisher = {Gads Forlag},
	title = {Slavesamfundet konsolideres 1740–1802 [{The} slave society is consolidated 1740–1802]},
	year = {2017}
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@incollection{Schwegler_2016,
	address = {Madrid},
	author = {Schwegler, Armin},
	booktitle = {The {Iberian} challenge: {{C}}reole languages beyond the plantation setting},
	editor = {Armin Schwegler and John McWhorter and Liane Ströbel},
	pages = {231--267},
	publisher = {Iberoamericana},
	title = {Truth reset: {{P}}ragmatics in {Palenquero} negation},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{Schwegler_2011,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	author = {Schwegler, Armin},
	booktitle = {{Creoles}, their substrates, and language typology},
	editor = {Claire Lefebvre},
	pages = {225--249},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Palenque(ro): {{T}}he search for its {African} substrate},
	year = {2011}
}

@incollection{Romaine_Kachru_1992,
	address = {Oxford \& New York},
	author = {Romaine, Suzanne and Kachru, Braj},
	booktitle = {The {Oxford} Companion to the {English} Language},
	editor = {Tom McArthur },
	pages = {228--229},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Code-mixing and code-switching},
	year = {1992}
}

@incollection{Prescod_Fraser_2015,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	author = {Prescod, Paula and Fraser, Adrian},
	booktitle = {Language Issues in {Saint Vincent} and the {Grenadines}},
	editor = {Paula Prescod},
	pages = {1--44},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	title = {Sociohistorical and linguistic account of {S}t {V}incent and the {Grenadines}},
	year = {2015}
}

@incollection{Post_2013,
	address = {Leipzig},
	author = {Post, Marike},
	booktitle = {Atlas of {Pidgin} and {Creole} Structures Online},
	editor = {Susanne Maria Michaelis and Philippe Maurer and Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber},
	publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology},
	title = {Fa d’{Ambô} structure dataset},
	url = {http://apics-online.info/contributions/38},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Petter_2009,
	address = {Campinas},
	author = {Petter, Margarida},
	booktitle = {África-{B}rasil: {C}aminhos da língua portuguesa},
	editor = {Galves, Charlotte and Garmes, Helder and Ribeiro, Fernando Rosa},
	pages = {159--174},
	publisher = {Editora da Unicamp},
	title = {O continuum afro-brasileiro do português},
	year = {2009}
}

@incollection{PerezCasas_2016,
	address = {Amsterdam \& Philadelphia},
	author = {Pérez Casas, Marisol},
	booktitle = {{Spanish}-{English} Codeswitching in the {Caribbean} and the {US}},
	editor = {E. Guzzardo Tamargo and Catherine M Mazak, and M Carmen Parafita Couto},
	pages = {37--60},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	sortname = {Perez Casas, Marisol},
	title = {{Spanish}-{English} codeswitching in the {Caribbean} and the {US}},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{OrtizLopez_2007,
	address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia},
	author = {Ortiz López, Luis A.},
	booktitle = {{Spanish} in contact: {{P}}olicy, social and linguistic inquiries},
	editor = {Kim Potowski and Richard Cameron},
	pages = {211--233},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	sortname = {Ortiz Lopez, Luis A.},
	title = {{La} negación en la frontera domínico-haitiana: {{V}}ariantes y usos (socio)lingüísticos},
	year = {2007}
}

@book{Oldendorp_2000,
	author = {Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas},
	series = {{A}bhandlungen und {B}erichte des {S}taatlichen {M}useums für {V}ölkerkunde {D}resden},
	number = {51},
	editor = {Hartmut Beck and Gudrun Meier and Stephan Palmié and Peter Stein and Horst Ulbricht},
	location = {Berlin},
	publisher = {{VWB} {V}erlag für {W}issenschaft und {B}ildung},
	title = {{H}istorie der caribischen {I}nseln {S}anct {Thomas}, {S}anct {C}rux und {S}anct {Jan}, insbesondere der dasigen {N}eger und der {M}ission der evangelischen {B}rüder under derselben. {E}rster {T}eil.},
	langid = {german},
	year = {2000}
}

@book{Oldendorp_2002,
	author = {Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas},
	series = {{A}bhandlungen und {B}erichte des {S}taatlichen {M}useums für {V}ölkerkunde {D}resden},
	number = {51},
	editor = {Hartmut Beck and Gudrun Meier and Stephan Palmié and Peter Stein and Horst Ulbricht},
	location = {Berlin},
	publisher = {{VWB} {V}erlag für {W}issenschaft und {B}ildung},
	title = {{H}istorie der caribischen {I}nseln {S}anct {Thomas}, {S}anct {C}rux und {S}anct {Jan}, insbesondere der dasigen {N}eger und der {M}ission der evangelischen {B}rüder under derselben. {Z}weiter {T}eil.},
	volumes = {3},
	langid = {german},
	year = {2002}
}

@incollection{Nash_1982,
	address = {Urbana},
	author = {Nash, Rose},
	booktitle = {The other tongue: {{{E}}}nglish across Cultures},
	editiron = {2},
	editor = {Braj B Kachru},
	pages = {250–-269},
	publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
	title = {Pringlish: {{S}}till more language contact in {Puerto Rico}},
	year = {1982}
}

@incollection{Muhleisen_Schroder_2017,
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Mühleisen, Susanne and Schröder, Anne},
	booktitle = {Contested Communities: {{C}}ommunication, Narration, Imagination},
	editor = {Susanne Mühleisen},
	pages = {51--68},
	publisher = {Brill},
	sortname = {Muhleisen, Susanne and Schroder, Anne},
	title = {Prestige change in contact varieties of {English} in urban diaspora communities},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{Muhleisen_2017,
	address = {C. Leiden},
	author = {Mühleisen, Susanne},
	booktitle = {ontested Communities: {{C}}ommunication, Narration, Imagination},
	editor = {Susanne Mühleisen},
	pages = {ix--xxiv},
	publisher = {Brill},
	sortname = {Muzhleisen, Susanne},
	title = {Introduction: {{O}}n community formation, manifestation, and contestation acts of membership and exclusion},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{Mufwene_2013,
	address = {Brasília},
	author = {Mufwene, Salikoko S.},
	booktitle = {Ecolinguística e imaginário},
	editor = {Elza Kioko Nakayama Nenoki do Couto and Davi Borges de Albuquerque and Gilberto Paulino de Araújo},
	pages = {302--327},
	publisher = {Thesaurus},
	title = {The ecology of language: {{S}}ome evolutionary perspectives},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{MontesAlcala_2018,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Cecilia Montes-Alcalá},
	booktitle = {{Routledge} Handbook of Chicana/o Studies},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315726366-30},
	editor = {Francisco A. Lomelí and Denise A. Segura and Elyette Benjamin-Labarthe},
	pages = {316--329},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	sortname = {Cecilia Montes-Alcala},
	title = {Bilingualism and biculturalism},
	year = {2018}
}

@incollection{Moll_2017,
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Moll, Andrea},
	booktitle = {Contested communities: {{C}}ommunication, narration, imagination},
	editor = {Susanne Mühleisen},
	pages = {69--94},
	publisher = {Brill},
	title = {Diasporic {C}yber-{J}amaican: {{S}}tylized dialect of an imagined community},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{McWhorter_2006,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {McWhorter, John H},
	booktitle = {History, society and variation: {{I}}n honor of {Albert} {V}aldman},
	editor = {Clancy Clements and Thomas A Klingler and Deborah Piston-Hatlen and Kevin J Rottet},
	pages = {103--133},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	title = {{Creole} transplantation: {{A}} source of solutions to resistant anomalies},
	year = {2006}
}

@incollection{McWhorter_1999,
	address = {London},
	author = {McWhorter, John H},
	booktitle = {Spreading the word: {{T}}he issue of diffusion among the {Atlantic} {Creoles}},
	editor = {Magnus Huber and Mikael Parkvall},
	pages = {111--152},
	publisher = {University of Westminster Press},
	title = {The Afrogenesis hypothesis of plantation {Creole} origin},
	year = {1999}
}

@incollection{Maurer_2013,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Maurer, Philippe},
	booktitle = {The survey of pidgin and creole languages},
	volume = {2: {{P}}ortuguese-based, {Spanish}-based, and {French}-based languages},
	editor = {Susanne Maria Michaelis and Philippe Maurer and Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber},
	pages = {72--80},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Principense},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Massini_Cagliari_Redenbarger_2016,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	author = {Massini-Cagliari, Gladis and Cagliari, Luiz Carlos and Redenbarger, Wayne J.},
	booktitle = {The handbook of {Portuguese} linguistics},
	editor = {Wetzels, W. Leo and Costa, João and Menuzzi, Sergio},
	pages = {56–-68},
	publisher = {Wiley Blackwell},
	title = {A comparative study of the sounds of {European} and {Brazilian Portuguese}: {{P}}honemes and allophones},
	year = {2016}
}

@incollection{Mair_2019,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Mair, Christian},
	booktitle = {The {Cambridge} Handbook of World {Englishes}},
	editor = {Daniel Schreier and Marianne Hundt and Edgar W. Schneider},
	pages = {360--383},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {World {Englishes} in cyberspace},
	year = {2019}
}

@incollection{Lupke_2018,
	address = {London},
	author = {Lüpke, Friederike},
	booktitle = {The tyranny of writing: {{I}}deologies of the written word},
	editor = {Constanze Weth and Kasper Juffermans},
	pages = {129--147},
	publisher = {Bloomsbury},
	sortname = {Lupke, Friederike},
	title = {Escaping the tyranny of writing: {{W}}est {African} regimes of writing as a model for multilingual literacy},
	year = {2018}
}

@incollection{LopezMorales_1999,
	address = {Madrid},
	author = {López Morales, Humberto},
	booktitle = {El Caribe Hispánico: {{P}}erspectivas lingüísticas actuales, Homenaje a Manuel Álvarez Nazario},
	editor = { Ortiz Lopez, Luis A.},
	pages = {147--170},
	publisher = {Iberoamericana Vervuert},
	sortname = {Lopez Morales, Humberto},
	title = {Anglicismos en el léxico disponible de {Puerto Rico}},
	year = {1999}
}


@incollection{Kouwenberg_2008,
  author = {Kouwenberg, Silvia},
  title = {The problem of multiple substrates: {T}he case of {J}amaican {C}reole},
  booktitle = {Roots of Creole Structures. {W}eighing the contribution of substrates and superstrates},
  editor = {Susanne Michaelis},
  pages = {1--27},
  year = {2008},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  address = {Amsterdam/Philadelphia}
}


@incollection{Koskinen_2010,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Koskinen, Arja.},
	booktitle = {{Creoles} in Education: {{A}}n appraisal of current programs and projects},
	editor = {Bettina Migge and Isabelle Léglise and Angela Bartens},
	pages = {133--165},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {{Kriol} in {Caribbean} {Nicaragua} schools},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{Keenan_1989,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Keenan, Elinor.},
	booktitle = {Explorations in the ethnography of speaking},
	edition = 2,
	editor = {Richard Bauman and Joel Scherzer},
	pages = {125--143},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Norm-makers, norm-breakers: {{{U}}}ses of speech by men and women in a {M}alagasy community},
	year = {1989}
}

@incollection{Jones_2010,
	address = {Herrnhut},
	author = {Jones, Adam},
	booktitle = {Christian {G}eorg {A}ndreas {O}ldendorp, {H}istorie der {C}araibischen {I}nseln {S}anct {T}homas, {S}anct {C}rux und {S}anct {J}an: {K}ommentarband},
	editor = {Meier, Gudrun},
	pages = {181–-190},
	publisher = {Herrnhuter Verlag},
	title = {Oldendorps {Beitrag} zur {A}frikaforschung},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{Huber_1999a,
	address = {London},
	author = {Huber, Magnus},
	booktitle = {St {Kitts} and the {Atlantic} {Creoles}: {{T}}he texts of {Samuel} {A}ugustus {M}athews in Perspective},
	editor = {Philip Baker and Adrienne Bruyn},
	pages = {365--378},
	publisher = {University of Westminster Press},
	title = {On the origin and diffusion of {Atlantic} {English} {Creoles}: {{F}}irst attestations from {Krio}},
	year = {1999}
}

@incollection{Holsoe_1994,
	address = {St. Croix},
	author = {Holsoe, Svend E},
	booktitle = {The {Danish} {West} {Indian} Slave Trade: {{V}}irgin {I}slands Perspectives},
	editor = {Tyson, George F. and Highfield, Arnold R.},
	pages = {33-–46},
	publisher = {Virgin Islands Humanities Council},
	title = {The Origin, Transport, Introduction and Distribution of {A}fricans on {S}t. {{C}}roix: {A}n Overview},
	year = {1994}
}

@incollection{Holmer_1963,
	address = {Gothenborg},
	author = {Holmer, Nils M},
	booktitle = {Estudios chocoes},
	editor = {Statens Humanistika Forskningsråd},
	pages = {79--248},
	publisher = {Etnografiska Museet},
	title = {Gramática comparada de un dialecto del Chocó (con textos, índice y vocabulario)},
	year = {1963}
}

@incollection{Highfield_1993,
	address = {Frederiksted, St. Croix},
	author = {Highfield, Arnold R.},
	booktitle = {The {Danish} Presence and Legacy in the {V}irgin {I}slands},
	editor = {Holsoe, Svend E. and McCollum, John H.},
	pages = {122–-139},
	publisher = {St. Croix Landmarks Society and the V.I. Humanities Council},
	title = {Toward a Language History of the {D}anish {W}est {I}ndies and the {U}nited {S}tates {V}irgin {I}slands},
	year = {1993}
}

@incollection{Haugen_1971,
	address = {Stanford},
	author = {Haugen, Einar},
	booktitle = {The ecology of language},
	editor = {Anwar S. Dil},
	pages = {325--339},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	title = {The ecology of language: {{T}}he Linguistic Reporter, Supplement 25.19-26},
	year = {1971}
}

@incollection{Hancock_1986,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Hancock, Ian Francis.},
	booktitle = {Substrata Versus Universals in {Creole} Genesis},
	editor = {Pieter Muysken and Norval Smith},
	pages = {71--102},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	title = {The domestic hypothesis, diffusion and componentiality: {{A}}n account of anglophone creole origins},
	year = {1986}
}

@incollection{Hall_2003,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Hall, Gwendolyn M.},
	booktitle = {Trans-{Atlantic} dimensions of ethnicity in the {African} diaspora},
	editor = {Paul E. Lovejoy and David Vincent Trotman},
	pages = {65--81},
	publisher = {Continuum},
	title = {{African} ethnicities and the meaning of ‘{Mina}’},
	year = {2003}
}

@incollection{Hagemeijer_2009,
	address = {Philadelphia},
	author = {Hagemeijer, Tjerk},
	booktitle = {Negation patterns in {West} {African} languages and beyond},
	editor = {Norbert Cyffer and Erwin Ebermann and Georg Ziegelmeyer},
	pages = {139--166},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Aspects of discontinuous negation in {S}antome},
	year = {2009}
}

@incollection{Gumperz_1968,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Gumperz, John Joseph},
	booktitle = {Linguistic Anthropology: {{A}} Reader},
	editor = {Alessandro Duranti},
	pages = {381--386},
	publisher = {Macmillan},
	title = {The speech community: {{{I}}}nternational encyclopedia of the social sciences},
	year = {1968}
}

@incollection{GreenPedersen_1981,
	address = {Madison, WI},
	author = {Green-Pedersen, Svend E},
	booktitle = {The Abolition of the {Atlantic} Slave Trade. {{O}}rigins and Effects in {Europe}, {Africa}, and the {Americas}},
	editor = {David Eltis and James Walvin},
	pages = {231–-257},
	publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
	title = {{{Slave}} Demography in the {D}anish {W}est {I}ndies and the Abolition of the {D}anish Slave Trade},
	year = {1981}
}

@incollection{Goncalves_2013,
	address = {Lisboa},
	author = {Gonçalves, Perpétua},
	booktitle = {Gramática do {Português} I},
	editor = {Eduardo Buzaglo Paiva Raposo},
	pages = {157--178},
	publisher = {Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian},
	sortname = {Goncalves, Perpetua},
	title = {O {P}ortuguês em {Á}frica},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Gobel_Sebro_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Gøbel, Erik and Sebro, Louise},
	booktitle = {Vestindien. {S}t. {C}roix, {S}t. {T}homas og {S}t. {J}an [{T}he {W}est {I}ndies. {S}t. {C}roix, {S}t. {T}homas, and {S}t. {J}ohn]},
	editor = {Gøbel, Erik and Sebro, Louise},
	pages = {48--129},
	publisher = {Gads Forlag},
	sortname = {Gobel, Erik and Sebro, Louise},
	title = {Danmark-{N}orge i {V}estindien 1672–1720 og {F}orandringens år 1720–1740 [{Denmark}-{Norway} in the {West} {I}ndies 1672–1720 and {Years} of Change 1720–1740]},
	year = {2017}
}

@incollection{Giles_Ogay_2007,
	address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	author = {Giles, Howard and Ogay, Tania},
	booktitle = {Explaining communication: {{C}}ontemporary theories and exemplars},
	editor = {Bryan B Whaley and Wendy Samter},
	pages = {293--310},
	publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
	title = {Communication Accommodation Theory},
	year = {2007}
}

@incollection{Freeland_2004,
	address = {Manchester},
	author = {Freeland, Jane},
	booktitle = {Language rights and language survival: {A} sociolinguistic and sociocultural approach},
	editor = {Jane Freeland and Donna Patrick},
	pages = {103--138},
	publisher = {St. Jerome Publishing},
	title = {Linguistic rights and language survival in a creole space: {Dilemmas} of {{Nicaragua}’s {Caribbean} Coast {Creoles}}},
	year = {2004}
}

@incollection{Fattier_2013,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Fattier, Dominique},
	booktitle = {The Survey of {Pidgin} and {Creole} Languages, Vol {II}, {Portuguese}-based, {Spanish}-based, and {French}-based Languages},
	editor = {Susanne Michaelis and Philippe Maurer and Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber},
	pages = {195--204},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {{Haitian} {Creole}},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Faraclas_2020,
	address = {Abingdon},
	author = {Faraclas, Nicholas},
	booktitle = {{Routledge} Handbook on {Pidgin} and {Creole} Languages},
	editor = {Meyerhoff, Miriam and Ansaldo, Umberto},
	pages = {269--285},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	title = {Identity politics},
	year = {2020}
}

@incollection{Dumitrescu_2010,
	address = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	author = {Dumitrescu, Domnita},
	booktitle = {Building communities and making connections},
	editor = {Susana Rivera-Mills and Juan Antonio Trujillo},
	pages = {136--167},
	publisher = {Newcastle},
	title = {Spanglish: {{A}}n ongoing controversy},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{Dryer_2013,
	address = {Leipzig},
	author = {Dryer, Matthew S.},
	booktitle = {The World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online},
	editor = {Matthew S. Dryer and Martin Haspelmath},
	url = {http://wals.info/chapter/144},
	publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology},
	title = {Position of negative morpheme with respect to subject, object, and verb},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Dryer_2005,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Dryer, Matthew S.},
	booktitle = {The World Atlas of Language Structures},
	editor = {Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer and David Gil and Bernard Comrie},
	pages = {584--644},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Genealogical language list},
	year = {2005}
}

@incollection{DeGraff_2014,
	address = {Chicago},
	author = {DeGraff, Michel},
	booktitle = {{Iberian} imperialism and language evolution in {Latin} {America}},
	editor = {Salikoko Mufwene},
	pages = {247--327},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	title = {The ecology of language evolution in {Latin} {America}: {{A}} {Haitian} postscript toward a postcolonial sequel},
	year = {2014}
}

@incollection{DeGraff_2007,
	address = {Battlebridge},
	author = {DeGraff, Michel},
	booktitle = {Comparative {{Creole}} Syntax: {{P}}arallel Outlines of 18 {{Creole}} Grammars},
	editor = {John A Holm and Peter Patrick},
	pages = {101--126},
	publisher = {Battlebridge Publications},
	title = {Kreyòl {A}yisyen, or {Haitian} {Creole}},
	year = {2007}
}

@incollection{Dan_2004,
	address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	author = {Slobin, Dan},
	booktitle = {Relating Events in Narrative: {{T}}ypological and Contextual Perspectives},
	editor = {Strömqvist, Sven and Verhoeven, Ludo},
	pages = {219--257},
	publisher = {LEA},
	title = {The many ways to search for a frog: {L}inguistic typology and the expression of motion events},
	volume = 2,
	year = {2004}
}

@incollection{Codo_2008,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	author = {Codó, Eva},
	booktitle = {The {Blackwell} Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism},
	editor = {Li Wei and Melissa G Moyer},
	pages = {158--176},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	sortname = {Codo, Eva},
	title = {Interviews and questionnaires},
	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Clyne_1992,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Clyne, Michael},
	booktitle = {Pluricentric languages: {{D}}iffering norms in different nations},
	editor = {Michael Clyne},
	pages = {1--10},
	publisher = {De Gruyter},
	title = {Pluricentric languages: {{I}}ntroduction},
	year = {1992}
}

@incollection{Chernobilsky_2008,
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Chernobilsky, Ellina},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of bilingual education},
	editor = {Josué M González },
	pages = {430--435},
	publisher = {Sage},
	title = {Language dominance},
	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Calabrese_2015,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Calabrese, Rita},
	booktitle = {Variation and change in postcolonial contexts},
	editor = {Rita Calabrese and John Kenneth Chambers and Gerhard Leitner},
	pages = {1--14},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	title = {Introduction: {{P}}ost-colonial convergence and divergence},
	year = {2015}
}

@incollection{Brydon_DonaldColeman_2008,
	address = {Vancouver},
	author = {Brydon, Diana and Coleman, William Donald},
	booktitle = {Renegotiating community: {{I}}nterdisciplinary perspectives, global contexts},
	editor = {Diana Brydon and William Donald},
	pages = {1--28},
	publisher = {University of British Columbia},
	title = {Globalization, autonomy, and community},
	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Berthele_2013,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Berthele, Raphael},
	booktitle = {Variation and Change in the Coding of {Motion} Events},
	editor = {Goschler, Juliana and Stefanowitsch, Anatol},
	pages = {55--75},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Disentangling Manner and Path: {{{E}}}vidence from Varieties of {German} and {Romance}},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Bakker_Matras_2013,
	address = {Boston/Berlin},
	author = {Bakker, Peter and Matras, Yaron},
	booktitle = {Contact languages: {{A}} comprehensive guide ({L}anguage {C}ontact and {B}ilingualism)},
	editor = {Peter Bakker and Yaron Matras},
	pages = {1--14},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	title = {Introduction},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2013}
}

@incollection{Bakker_2008,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Bakker, Peter},
	booktitle = {Handbook of {Pidgin} and {Creole} Studies},
	editor = {Silvia Kouwenberg and John Singler},
	pages = {130--157},
	publisher = {Blackwell-Wiley},
	title = {{Pidgins} versus creoles and pidgincreoles},
	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Baker_1999,
	address = {London},
	author = {Baker, Philip},
	booktitle = {St {Kitts} and the {Atlantic} {Creoles}: {{T}}he texts of {Samuel} {A}ugustus {M}athews in Perspective},
	editor = {Philip Baker and Adrienne Bruyn},
	pages = {315--364},
	publisher = {University of Westminster Press},
	title = {Investigating the origin and diffusion of shared features among the {Atlantic} {English} {Creoles}},
	year = {1999}
}

@incollection{Armstrong_2010,
	address = {Münich},
	author = {Armstrong, Meghan E},
	booktitle = {Transcription of intonation of the {Spanish} language},
	editor = {Pilar Prietoa and Paolo Roseano},
	pages = {155--189},
	publisher = {LINCOM},
	title = {Puerto {R}ican {Spanish} intonation},
	year = {2010}
}

@incollection{Arends_2008,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Arends, Jacques},
	booktitle = {The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies},
	editor = {Silvia Kouwenberg and John Victor Singler},
	pages = {309–-331},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	title = {A Demographic Perspective on Creole Formation},
	year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Ahlback_2016,
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Ahlbäck, Anders},
        doi = {10.1163/9789004302792_008},
	booktitle = {Ports of globalisation, places of Creolisation: {{N}}ordic possessions in the {Atlantic} world during the era of the slave trade},
	editor = {Holger Weiss},
	pages = {191--217},
	publisher = {Brill},
	sortname = {Ahlback, Anders},
	title = {The Overly Candid Missionary Historian: {{C}}.{{G}}.{{A}}. {{O}}ldendorp’s Theological Ambivalence over Slavery in the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies},
	year = {2016}
}

@book{vanRosseman_van_der_Voort_1996,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {van Rossem, Cefas and van der Voort, Hein},
	booktitle = {Die {C}reol {T}aal: 250 years of {Negerhollands} texts},
	publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
	title = {Die {C}reol {T}aal: 250 years of {Negerhollands} texts},
	year = {1996}
}

@book{vanRosseman_2017,
	address = {Utrecht},
	author = {van Rossem, Cefas},
	publisher = {LOT},
	title = {The {V}irgin {I}slands {Dutch} {Creole} Textual Heritage: {{P}}hilological Perspectives on Authenticity and Audience Design},
	year = {2017}
}

@book{de_Josselin_de_Jong_1926,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {de Josselin de Jong, J.P.B.},
	publisher = {Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam},
	title = {Het Huidige {N}egerhollandsch ({T}exten en woordenlijst)},
	year = {1926}
}

@book{daSilva_2007,
	address = {Editora Universitária da UFPE},
	author = {Silva, Adriana Maria Paulo da},
	publisher = {Recife},
	title = {Processos de construção das práticas de escolarização em {P}ernambuco, em fins do século {XVIII} e primeira metade do século {XIX}},
	year = {2007}
}

@book{Williams_2005,
	address = {Liverpool},
	author = {Williams, Caroline A},
	publisher = {Liverpool University Press},
	title = {Between resistance and adaptation: {{I}}ndigenous peoples and the colonization of the {C}hocó 1510-1753},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{Westermann_Bryan_1952,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Westermann, Diedrich H. and Bryan, M. A.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Languages of {West} {Africa}},
	year = {1952}
}

@book{Westergaard_1917,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Westergaard, Waldemar},
	publisher = {Macmillan Company},
	title = {The {Danish} {West} {I}ndies Under {C}ompany Rule},
	year = {1917}
}

@book{WernerCantor_2000,
	address = {Bogotá},
	author = {Werner Cantor, Erik},
	publisher = {Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia},
	title = {Ni aniquilados, ni vencidos: {{L}}os Emberá y la gente negra del Atrato bajo el dominio español},
	year = {2000}
}

@book{Wells_1982,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Wells, John Christopher},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Accents of {English}. {{V}}ol. 3: {{B}}eyond the {British} {Isles}},
	year = {1982}
}

@book{Velupillai_2015,
	address = {Amsterdam/New York},
	author = {Velupillai, Viveka},
	publisher = {Benjamins},
	title = {{Pidgins}, Creoles and Mixed Languages: {{A}}n Introduction},
	year = {2015}
}

@book{VargasSarmiento_1993,
	address = {Bogotá},
	author = {Vargas Sarmiento, Patricia},
	publisher = {Instituto Colombiano de Cultura},
	title = {Los embera y los cuna: {{I}}mpacto y reacción ante la ocupación Española en los siglos {XVI} y {XVII}},
	year = {1993}
}

@book{McWhorter_2018,
	address = {Cambridge},
        doi = {10.1017/9781108553308},
	author = {McWhorter, John H.},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {The creole debate},
	year = {2018}
}

@book{Valdman_2015,
	address = {Sheffield},
	author = {Valdman, Albert},
	publisher = {Equinox},
	title = {{Haitian} {Creole}: {{S}}tructure, variation, status, origin},
	year = {2015}
}

@book{TorresGonzales_2002,
	address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico},
	author = {Torres-González, Roamé},
	pages = {431},
	publisher = {La Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico},
	sortname = {Torres-Gonzalez, Roame},
	title = {Idioma, bilingüismo y nacionalidad: {{L}}a presencia del inglés en {Puerto Rico}},
	year = {2002}
}

@book{Thornton_1998,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Thornton, John K},
	edition = 2,
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {{Africa} and {Africa}ns in the Making of the {Atlantic} World},
	year = {1998}
}

@book{Thomason_Kaufman_1988,
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Thomason, S and Kaufman, T},
	pages = {427},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	title = {Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics},
	year = {1988}
}

@book{Stahl_2001,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Stahl, Ann B},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Making History in {B}anda: {{A}}nthropological Visions of {Africa}’s Past},
	year = {2001}
}

@book{Souza_2002,
	address = {Belo Horizonte},
	author = {Souza, Marina de Mello e},
	publisher = {Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais},
	title = {Reis negros no {B}rasil escravista: {{H}}istória da festa de coroação de {R}ei {Congo}},
	year = {2002}
}

@book{Simonsen_2017,
	address = {Aarhus},
	author = {Simonsen, Gunvor},
	publisher = {Aarhus University Press},
	title = {{Slave} Stories: {{L}}aw, Representation, and Gender in the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies},
	year = {2017}
}

@book{Sharp_1976,
	address = {Norman, OK},
	author = {Sharp, William F},
	publisher = {University of Oklahoma Press},
	title = {Slavery on the {Spanish} frontier: {{T}}he {Colombian} Chocó, 1680-1810},
	year = {1976}
}

@book{Sessarego_2019,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Sessarego, Sandro},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Language contact and the making of an {A}fro-{Hispanic} vernacular: {V}ariation and change in the {Colombian} {C}hocó},
	year = {2019}
}

@book{Sensbach_2005,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Sensbach, Jon F},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	title = {Rebecca’s Revival. {{C}}reating {B}lack {C}hristianity in the {Atlantic} World},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{Sebro_2016,
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Sebro, Louise},
	booktitle = {Ports of globalisation, places of Creolisation: {{N}}ordic possessions in the {Atlantic} world during the era of the slave trade},
	editor = {Holger Weiss},
	pages = {218-–244},
	publisher = {Brill},
	title = {Freedom, Autonomy, and Independence: {{{E}}}xceptional {African} {Caribbean} Life Experiences in {S}t. {{T}}homas, the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies, in the Middle of the 18th Century},
	year = {2016}
}

@book{Sebro_2010,
	address = {Lund},
	author = {Sebro, Louise},
	publisher = {Lunds Universitet},
	title = {Mellem afrikaner og kreol: {{{{E}}}}tnisk identitet og social navigation i {D}ansk {V}estindien 1730–1770 [{B}etween {A}frican and {C}reole: {E}thnic identity and social navigation in the {D}anish {W}est {I}ndies, 1730–1770]},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{Schneider_2007,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Schneider, Edgar W},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Postcolonial {English}: {{V}}arieties around the world},
	year = {2007}
}

@book{Sabino_2012,
	address = {Leiden},
	author = {Sabino, Robin},
	publisher = {Brill Publishing},
	title = {Giving {J}ack his Jacket: {L}anguage Contact in the {D}anish {W}est {I}ndies},
	year = {2012}
}

@book{Romaine_1994,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Romaine, Suzanne},
	journal = {Oxford},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Language in society: {{A}}n introduction to sociolinguistics},
	year = {1994}
}

@book{Roberts_2014,
	address = {Bloomington},
	author = {Roberts, Edward A},
	publisher = {Xlibris Corporation},
	title = {A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the {Spanish} language with families of words based on {Indo}-{European} roots},
	year = {2014}
}

@book{Quintao_2002,
	address = {São Paulo},
	author = {Quintão, Antonia Aparecida},
	publisher = {Anablume/Fapesp},
	sortname = {Quintao, Antonia Aparecida},
	title = {Lá vem meu parente: {{A}}s irmandades de pretos e pardos no {R}io de {J}aneiro e em {P}ernambuco (século {XVIII})},
	year = {2002}
}

@book{Pousada_2017,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Pousada, Alicia},
	pages = {192},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	title = {Being bilingual in Borinquen: {{S}}tudent voices from the University of {Puerto Rico}},
	year = {2017}
}

@book{Pessoa_2003,
	address = {Tübingen},
	author = {Pessoa, Marlos de Barros},
	number = {4},
	publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag},
	title = {Formação de uma variedade urbana e semi-oralidade: {{O}} caso do Recife, Brasil},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2003}
}

@book{Peixoto_1944,
	address = {Lisboa},
	author = {da Costa Peixoto, António},
	booktitle = {Obra Nova de Língua Geral de {Mina}},
	editor = {Luís Silveira},
	publisher = {Agência Geral das Colónias},
	title = {Obra Nova de Língua Geral de {Mina}},
	year = {1944}
}

@book{Peace_Corps_The_Gambia_1995,
	address = {Banjul},
	author = {{Peace Corps The Gambia}},
	publisher = {The Gambia},
	title = {{Mandinka} – {English} Dictionary},
	year = {1995}
}

@misc{Parkvall_2016,
	author = {Parkvall, Mikael},
	note = {Manuscript/database},
	title = {Afrolex: {{A}}frical Lexical Influences in Creoles and Transplanted {European} Languages},
	year = {2019}
}

@book{Parkvall_2000,
	address = {London},
	author = {Parkvall, Mikael},
	publisher = {Battlebridge Publications},
	title = {Out of {Africa}: {{A}}frican influences in {Atlantic} Creoles},
	year = {2000}
}

@book{OxfordEnglishDictionary_1989,
	address = {Oxford, England},
	author = {{Oxford English Dictionary}},
	publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	title = {{Oxford} {English} Dictionary, 2nd edition},
	year = {1989}
}

@book{Olsen_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Olsen, Poul Erik},
	publisher = {Gads Forlag},
	title = {Vestindien: {S}t. {C}roix, {S}t. {T}homas og {S}t. {J}an [{T}he {W}est {I}ndies: {S}t. {C}roix, {S}t. {T}homas, and {S}t. {J}ohn]},
	year = {2017}
}

@book{Olsen_1988,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Olsen, Poul Erik},
	publisher = {Toldhistorisk Selskab},
	title = {Toldvæsenet i {D}ansk {V}estindien 1672–1917 [{T}he Customs Service in the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies 1672–1917]},
	year = {1988}
}

@book{Oldendorp_1996,
	address = {Tübingen},
	author = {Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas},
	publisher = {Niemeyer},
	title = {Criolisches {W}örterbuch. ({L}exicographica: {S}eries Maior, 69)},
        editor = {Peter Stein and Hein van der Voort},
	year = {1996}
}

@book{Oldendorp_1777,
	address = {Barby},
	author = {Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas},
	booktitle = {{G}eschichte der {M}ission der evangelischen {B}rüder auf den caraibischen {I}nseln S. {T}homas, {S.} {C}roix und {S.} {J}an},
	editor = {Bossart, J. J.},
	publisher = {Laux},
	title = {{G}eschichte der {M}ission der evangelichen {B}rüder auf den caraibischen {I}nseln {S}. {T}homas, {S}. {C}roix und {S}. {J}an},
	year = {1777}
}

@book{Odlin_1989,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Odlin, Terence},
	pages = {224},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Language Transfer, Cross-linguistic influence in language learning},
	year = {1989}
}

@book{Norregaard_1966,
	address = {Boston},
	author = {Nørregaard, Georg},
	publisher = {Boston University Press},
	sortname = {Norregaard, Georg},
	title = {{Danish} settlements in {West} {Africa} 1658–1850},
	year = {1966}
}

@book{Noll_2008,
	address = {São Paulo},
	author = {Noll, Volker},
	publisher = {Editora Globo},
	title = {O português brasileiro: {{F}}ormação e contrastes},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{Noll_1999,
	address = {Heidelberg},
	author = {Noll, Volker},
	publisher = {Winter},
	title = {Das brasilianische Portugiesisch: {{H}}erausbildung und {Kontraste}},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Nielsen_1981,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Nielsen, Herluf},
	booktitle = {Dansk {V}estindien for 250 år siden. {{J}}. {{L}}. {{C}}arstens: {{{E}}}n {A}lmindelig {B}eskrivelse om alle de {D}anske, {American}ske eller {{{West}}}-{I}ndiske {E}y-{L}ande [The {{Danish}} {{{West}}} {I}ndies 250 Years Ago. {{J}}. {{L}}. {{C}}arstens: {{A}}n Ordinary Description Concerning All the {{Danish}}, {American} or {{{West}}}-{Indian} Islands]},
	editor = {Nielsen, Herluf},
	publisher = {Dansk Vestindisk Forlag},
	title = {Dansk {V}estindien for 250 år siden. {{J}}. {{L}}. {{C}}arstens: {{{E}}}n {A}lmindelig {B}eskrivelse om alle de {D}anske, {American}ske eller {{{West}}}-{I}ndiske {E}y-{L}ande [{T}he {{Danish}} {{{West}}} {I}ndies 250 Years Ago. {{J}}. {{L}}. {{C}}arstens: {{A}}n Ordinary Description Concerning All the {{Danish}}, {American} or {{{West}}}-{Indian} Islands]},
	year = {1981}
}

@book{Muysken_Smith_Broges_2015,
	address = {Berlin/Boston},
	author = {Muysken, Pieter and Smith, Norval S. H. and Borges, Robert},
        doi = {10.1515/9783110343977},
	booktitle = {Surviving the {M}iddle {P}assage: {{T}}he {West} {Africa}-{S}urinam {S}prachbund},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	title = {Surviving the {M}iddle {P}assage: {{T}}he {West} {Africa}-{S}urinam {S}prachbund},
	year = {2015}
}

@book{Muysken_2000,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Muysken, Pieter},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Bilingual speech: {{A}} typology of code-mixing},
	year = {2000}
}

@incollection{Mutz_2017,
	author = {Mutz, Kathrin},
	address = {Tübingen},
	publisher = {Niemeyer},
	series = {Anglophone Postcolonial Studies},
	edition = {2},
	pages = {53--70},
	editor = {Stein, Peter},
	title = {Aktuelle {F}orschungsfragen der {K}reolistik},
	booktitle = {{K}reolisch und {F}ranzösisch},
	year = {2017}
}

@book{Mosquera_2008,
	address = {Bogotá},
	author = {Mosquera, Sergio A},
	publisher = {Arte Láser},
	title = {Mondongo: {{{E}}}tnolingüística en la historia afrochocoana},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{Mortenson_1999,
	address = {Dallas},
	author = {Mortenson, Charles A},
	pages = {208},
	publisher = {SIL International},
	title = {A reference grammar of the northern {E}mbera languages},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Migeod_1913,
	address = {London},
	author = {Migeod, Frederick W. H},
	publisher = {Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner \& Co},
	title = {The Languages of {West} {Africa}. {{P}}art 2},
	year = {1913}
}

@book{Michaelis_Maurer_Haspelmath_Huber_2013,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Michaelis, Susanne M. and Maurer, Philippe and Haspelmath, Martin and Huber, Magnus},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {The atlas and survey of pidgin and creole language structures},
	volume = {I: {{{E}}}nglish-based and {Dutch}-based languages},
	year = {2013}
}

@book{Meier_Stein_Palmie_Ulbricht_2010,
	address = {Herrnhut},
	author = {Meier, Gudrun and Stein, Peter and Palmié, Stephan and Ulbricht, Horst},
	publisher = {Herrnhuter Verlag},
	sortname = {Meier, Gudrun and Stein, Peter and Palmie, Stephan and Ulbricht, Horst},
	title = {Christian {G}eorg {A}ndreas {O}ldendorp, {H}istorie der caribischen {I}nseln {S}anct {T}homas, {S}anct {C}rux und {S}anct {J}an. {K}ommentarband},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{Megenney_1990,
	address = {Santo Domingo},
	author = {Megenney, William W},
	publisher = {Editorial Tiempo},
	title = {África en {Santo Domingo}: {{S}}u herencia lingüística},
	year = {1990}
}

@book{McWhorter_2011,
	address = {Berlin/Boston},
	author = {McWhorter, John H},
	publisher = {Mouton De Gruyter},
	title = {Linguistic simplicity and complexity: {{W}}hy do languages undress? ({L}anguage {C}ontact and {B}ilingualism)},
	year = {2011}
}

@book{Maurer_2009,
	address = {London},
	author = {Maurer, Philippe},
	publisher = {Battlebridge},
	title = {Principense: {{G}}rammar, texts, and vocabulary of the {A}fro-{Portuguese} {Creole} of the {Island} of {Príncipe}, {G}ulf of {Guinea}},
	year = {2009}
}

@book{Maurer_1995,
	address = {Hamburg},
	author = {Maurer, Philippe},
	publisher = {Buske},
	title = {L'angolar. {{{U}}}n créole afro-portugais parlé à {São Tomé}. {{N}}otes de grammaire, textes, vocabulaire},
	year = {1995}
}

@book{Mattos_e_Silva_2004,
	address = {São Paulo},
	author = {Mattos e Silva, Rosa Virgínia},
	publisher = {Parábola Editorial},
	sortname = {Mattos e Silva, Rosa Virginia},
	title = {Ensaios para uma sócio-história do português brasileiro},
	year = {2004}
}

@book{Magens_1770,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Magens, J.M.},
	publisher = {Gerhard Giese Salikath},
	title = {Grammatica over det {C}reolske {S}prog, som bruges paa de trende {D}anske {E}ilande, {S}t. {{C}}roix, {S}t. {{T}}homas og {S}t. {{J}}ans i {{America}} [{G}rammar of the {Creole} Language Used on the Three {Danish} Islands of {S}t. {{C}}roix, {S}t. {{T}}homas, and {S}t. {{J}}ohn in {{America}}]},
	year = {1770}
}

@book{MacCord_2005,
	address = {Recife},
	author = {Mac Cord, Marcelo},
	publisher = {Ed. Universitária da UFPE},
	title = {O rosário de D. {{A}}ntônio: {{I}}rmandades negras, alianças econflitos na história social do {R}ecife, 1848-1872},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{Lumwamu_1973,
	address = {Paris},
	author = {Lumwamu, François},
	publisher = {Klincksieck},
	sortname = {Lumwamu, Francois},
	title = {Essai de morphosyntaxe systématique des parlers kongo},
	year = {1973}
}

@book{Lucchesi_Baxter_Ribeiro_2009,
	address = {Salvador},
	author = {Lucchesi, Dante and Baxter, Alan and Ribeiro, Ilza},
	publisher = {EDUFBA},
	title = {O português afro-brasileiro},
	year = {2009}
}

@book{Loewen_1957,
	address = {Cali, Colombia},
	author = {Loewen, Jacob A},
	pages = {600},
	publisher = {Mennonite Brethren Board of Missions},
	title = {Comparative dictionary: {{C}}hoco dialects-{Spanish}-{English}},
	year = {1957}
}

@book{Lobo_Oliveira_2009,
	address = {Salvador},
	author = {Lobo, Tânia and Oliveira, Klebson},
	pages = {469},
	publisher = {EDUFBA},
	sortname = {Lobo, Tania and Oliveira, Klebson},
	title = {África à vista},
	year = {2009}
}

@book{Levi_2006,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Levi, Joseph Abraham},
	publisher = {Lit Verlag},
	title = {Compromisso e solução: {{{E}}}scravidão e as irmandades afro-brasileiras - {O}rigem e {F}ormação das confrarias religiosas no {B}rasil {C}olonial (1552-1822)},
	year = {2006}
}

@book{Lefebvre_Brousseau_2002,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Lefebvre, Claire and Brousseau, Anne-Marie},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	title = {A grammar of {Fongbe}},
	year = {2002}
}

@book{Leal_2018,
	address = {Tuscon},
	author = {Leal, Claudia},
	publisher = {University of Arizona Press},
	title = {Landscapes of freedom: {{B}}uilding a postemancipation society in the rainforests of western {Colombia}},
	year = {2018}
}

@book{Lawaetz_1902,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Lawaetz, H},
	publisher = {Otto B. Wroblewski},
	title = {Brødremenighedens {M}ission i {D}ansk-{V}estindien 1769–1848: {{B}}idrag til en {C}harakteristik af {B}rødremenigheden og dens {G}erning og af den {F}arvede {R}aces {S}tilling til {C}hristendommen [{T}he {B}rethren’s Congregation in the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies 1769–1848: {{C}}ontribution to a Characterization of the {B}rethren’s Congregation and Its Acts and of the Colored Race’s attitude to {C}hristianity]},
	year = {1902}
}

@book{Law_2004,
	address = {Athens, OH},
	author = {Law, Robin},
	publisher = {Ohio University Press},
	title = {Ouidah: {{T}}he social history of a {West} {African} slaving ‘port’, 1727-1892},
	year = {2004}
}

@book{Law_1991,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Law, Robin},
	publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	title = {The {S}lave {C}oast of {W}est {A}frica 1550–1750: {T}he Impact of the {A}tlantic Slave Trade on an {A}frican Society},
	year = {1991}
}

@book{Laviera_2014,
	address = {Houston},
	author = {Laviera, Tato},
	publisher = {Arte Público Press},
	title = {Benedición: {{T}}he Complete poetry of Tato Laviera},
	year = {2014}
}

@book{Larsen_1950,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Larsen, Jens},
	publisher = {Fortress Press},
	title = {Virgin {I}slands Story},
	year = {1950}
}

@book{Labov_2001,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	author = {Labov, William},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	title = {Principles of linguistic change: {{S}}ocial Factors},
	volume = 2,
	year = {2001}
}

@book{Labov_1972,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Labov, William},
	publisher = {University of Philadelphia Press},
	title = {Sociolinguistic patterns},
	year = {1972}
}

@book{Laban_1999,
	address = {Paris},
	author = {Laban, Michel},
	publisher = {Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris III},
	title = {{Mozambique}: {{P}}articularités lexicales et morphosyntaxiques de l’expression littéraire en portugais. {{D}}ocument accompagnant une demande d’habilitation à diriger des recherches},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Koelle_1854,
	address = {London},
	author = {Koelle, Sigismund W},
	publisher = {London Church Missionary House},
	title = {Polyglotta {A}fricana},
	year = {1854}
}

@book{Kloss_1978,
	address = {Düsseldorf},
	author = {Kloss, Heinz},
	publisher = {Schwann},
	title = {Die {Entwicklung} neuer germanischer {K}ultursprachen seit 1800},
	year = {1978}
}

@book{Jurua_2011,
	address = {São Caetano do Sul},
	author = {Juruá, Padrinho},
	publisher = {Fundação Biblioteca Nacional},
	sortname = {Jurua, Padrinho},
	title = {O ritual do {R}osário das santas almas beneditas: {{A}} presença da {I}rmandade dos {S}emirombas e dos {S}akáangás na {U}mbanda},
	year = {2011}
}

@book{Jones_1991,
	address = {Stuttgart},
	author = {Jones, Adam},
	publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag},
	title = {Zur {Q}uellenproblematik der {Geschichte} {W}estafrikas},
	year = {1991}
}

@book{JimenezMeneses_2004,
	address = {Medellín},
	author = {Jiménez Meneses, Orián},
	publisher = {Editorial Universidad de Antioquia},
	sortname = {Jimenez Meneses, Orian},
	title = {El Chocó: {{{U}}}n paraíso del demonio. {{N}}óvita, Citará y el Baudó, Siglo {XVIII}},
	year = {2004}
}

@book{Jespersen_1917,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Jespersen, Otto},
	publisher = {Høst},
	title = {Negation in {English} and Other Languages},
	year = {1917}
}

@book{Innes_1967,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Innes, Gordon},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {A {Grebo}-{English} dictionary},
	year = {1967}
}

@book{Inikori_2011,
	address = {New Haven, CT and London},
	author = {Inikori, Joseph E},
	booktitle = {{E}xtending the Frontiers: {E}ssays on the New {T}ransatlantic {S}lave {T}rade {D}atabase},
	editor = {Eltis, David and Richardson, David},
	pages = {377},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	title = {{E}xtending the Frontiers: {E}ssays on the New {T}rans-{A}tlantic {S}lave {T}rade {D}atabase},
	year = {2011}
}

@book{Huber_1999b,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Huber, Magnus},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Ghanaian pidgin {{English}} in its {West} {African} context: {{A}} sociohistorical and structural analysis},
	series = {Varieties of {{English}} around the World},
	number = {G24},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Hornby_1980,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Hornby, Ove},
	publisher = {Politiken},
	title = {Kolonierne i {V}estindien [{T}he Colonies in the {West} {I}ndies]},
	year = {1980}
}

@book{Holm_Patrick_2007,
	address = {London},
	author = {Holm, John and Patrick, Peter},
	publisher = {Battlebridge},
	title = {Comparative creole syntax: {{P}}arallel outlines of 18 creole grammars},
	year = {2007}
}

@book{Holm_2004,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Holm, John},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Languages in Contact: {The} Partial Restructuring of Vernaculars},
	year = {2004}
}

@book{Holm_1989,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Holm, John},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {{Pidgins} and {Creoles}},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1989}
}

@book{Holm_1988_1989,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Holm, John},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {{Pidgin} and {Creole} languages},
	year = {1989}
}

@book{Higman_2011,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Higman, B. W},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {A Concise History of the {C}aribbean},
	year = {2011}
}

@book{Highfield_2018,
	address = {Christiansted, St. Croix, USVI},
	author = {Highfield, Arnold R. and Bøegh, Kristoffer Friis},
	publisher = {Antilles Press},
	sortname = {Highfield, Arnold R. and Boegh, Kristoffer Friis},
	title = {Georg {H}jersing {H}øst’s Account of the Island of {S}t. {T}homas and Its Governors. {R}ecorded there on the Island from 1769 until 1776},
	year = {2018}
}

@book{Highfield_1987,
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	author = {Highfield, Arnold R. and Barac, Vladimir},
	publisher = {Karoma Publishers},
	title = {C. {{G}}. {{A}}. {{O}}ldendorp’s History of the {M}ission of the {E}vangelical {B}rethren on the {Caribbean} Islands of {S}t. {{T}}homas, {S}t. {{C}}roix, and {S}t. {{J}}ohn},
	year = {1987}
}

@book{Highfield_1979,
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	author = {Highfield, Arnold R.},
	publisher = {Karoma Press},
	title = {The {F}rench Dialect of {S}t. {T}homas, {U}nited {S}tates {V}irgin {I}slands: {A} Descriptive Grammar with Texts and Glossary},
	year = {1979}
}

@book{Herskovits_1958,
	address = {Boston},
	author = {Herskovits, Melville L},
	publisher = {Beacon Press},
	title = {The Myth of the {N}egro Past},
	year = {1958}
}

@book{Hernandez_1997,
	address = {Westport},
	author = {Hernández, Carmen D},
	publisher = {Praeger},
	sortname = {Hernandez, Carmen D},
	title = {Puerto {R}ican voices in {English}: {{I}}nterviews with writers},
	year = {1997}
}

@book{Heine_1970,
	address = {Munich},
	author = {Heine, Bernd},
	publisher = {Weltforum Verlag},
	title = {Status and Use of {African} Lingua Francas},
	year = {1970}
}

@book{Harms_1994,
	address = {Dallas},
	author = {Harms, Phillip Lee},
	publisher = {Summer Institute of Linguistics},
	title = {Epena {Pedee} syntax},
	year = {1994}
}

@book{Hall_2005,
	address = {Chapel Hill},
	author = {Hall, Gwendolyn M},
	publisher = {The University of North Carolina Press},
	title = {Slavery and {African} Ethnicities in the {Americas}: {{R}}estoring the Links},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{Hall_1992,
	address = {Mona, Jamaica},
	author = {Hall, Neville T},
	publisher = {University of the West Indies Press},
	title = {{Slave} {S}ociety in the {Danish} {West} {I}ndies: {{S}}t. {{T}}homas, {S}t. {{J}}ohn and {S}t. {{C}}roix},
	year = {1992}
}

@book{Guthrie_1948,
	address = {London},
	author = {Guthrie, Malcolm},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press for the International African Institute},
	title = {The classification of the {Bantu} languages},
	year = {1948}
}

@book{Guldemann_2018,
	address = {Berlin/Boston},
	author = {Güldemann, Tom},
        doi = {10.1515/9783110421668},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	sortname = {Guldemann, Tom},
	title = {The Languages and Linguistics of {Africa}},
	year = {2018}
}

@book{Granda_1978,
	address = {Madrid},
	author = {Granda, Germán de},
	pages = {522},
	publisher = {Gredos},
	sortname = {Granda, German de},
	title = {Estudios lingüísticos hispánicos, afrohispánicos y criollos},
	year = {1978}
}

@book{Gobel_2016,
	address = {Leiden/Boston},
	author = {Gøbel, Erik},
	publisher = {Brill},
	sortname = {Gobel, Erik},
	title = {The {D}anish Slave Trade and Its Abolition},
	year = {2016}
}

@book{Gobel_2008,
	address = {Odense},
	author = {Gøbel, Erik},
	publisher = {University Press of Southern Denmark},
	sortname = {Gobel, Erik},
	title = {Det danske slavehandelsforbud 1792. {{S}}tudier og kilder til forhistorien, forordningen og følgerne [The Abolition of the {D}anish slave trade 1792. {S}tudies and sources to the past history, the proclamation, and the consequences]},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{Garcia_Li_2014,
	address = {Basingstoke},
	author = {García, Ofelia and Li, Wei},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	sortname = {Garcia, Ofelia and Li, Wei},
	title = {Translanguaging: {{L}}anguage, bilingualism and education},
	year = {2014}
}

@book{Galves_Lobo_2019,
	address = {Salvador},
	author = {Galves, Charlotte and Lobo, Tânia},
	publisher = {EDUFBA},
	sortname = {Galves, Charlotte and Lobo, Tania},
	title = {O português escrito por afro-brasileiros no século {XIX}: {{A}}s atas da Sociedade Protetora dos Desvalidos},
	year = {2019}
}

@book{Fodor_1975,
	address = {Hamburg},
	author = {Fodor, István},
	publisher = {Helmut Buske},
	sortname = {Fodor, Istvan},
	title = {Pallas und andere afrikanische Vokabularien vor dem 19. {{J}}ahrhundert: {{{E}}}in {Beitrag} zur Forschungsgeschichte},
	year = {1975},
	langid = {german}
}

@book{Fleischmann_1986,
	address = {Tübingen},
	author = {Fleischmann, Ulrich},
	langid = {german},
	publisher = {Gunter Narr},
	title = {Das {F}ranzösich-{K}reolisch in der {K}aribik: {Z}ur {F}unktion von {S}prache im sozialen und geographischem {R}aum},
	year = {1986}
}

@book{Ferraz_1979,
	address = {Johannesburg},
	author = {Ferraz, Luis I},
	publisher = {Witwatersrand University Press},
	title = {The creole of {São Tomé}},
	year = {1979}
}

@book{Feldbaek_Justesen_1980,
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Feldbæk, Ole and Justesen, Ole},
	publisher = {Politiken},
	sortname = {Feldbaek, Ole and Justesen, Ole},
	title = {Kolonierne i {A}sien og {A}frika [{T}he Colonies in {Asia} and {Africa}]},
	year = {1980}
}

@book{Faria_1970,
	address = {Rio de Janeiro},
	author = {Faria, Ernesto},
	edition = 2,
	publisher = {Acadêmica},
	title = {Fonética Histórica do Latim},
	year = {1970}
}

@book{Eltis_Richardson_2010,
	address = {New Haven},
	author = {Eltis, David and Richardson, David},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	title = {Atlas of the transatlantic slave trade},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{Eltis_Behrendt_Richardson_Klein_1999,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Eltis, David and Behrendt, Stephen D. and Richardson, David and Klein, Herbert S.},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {The transatlantic slave trade. {{A}} database on {CD}-{ROM}},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Ellis_1890,
	address = {London},
	author = {Ellis, Alfred B},
	publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
	title = {The {Ewe} speaking peoples of the {Slave} {C}oast of {West} {Africa}},
	year = {1890}
}

@book{Eberhard_Simons_Fenning_2019,
	address = {Dallas, Texas},
	author = {Eberhard, David M. and Simons, Gary F. and Fenning, Charles D.},
	publisher = {SIL International},
	title = {{Ethnologue}: {{L}}anguages of the World. {{T}}wenty-second edition},
	year = {2019}
}

@book{Dominguez-Rosado_2015,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Domínguez-Rosado, Brenda},
	pages = {117},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	sortname = {Domiznguez-Rosado, Brenda},
	title = {The unlinking of language and {P}uerto {R}ican identity: {{N}}ew trends in sight},
	year = {2015}
}

@book{Dollinger_2019,
	address = {Milton Park},
	author = {Dollinger, Stefan},
	publisher = {Routledge Focus},
	title = {The pluricentricity debate: {{O}}n {A}ustrian {G}erman and other {G}ermanic standard varieties},
	year = {2019}
}

@book{Dieck_2000,
	address = {Madrid},
	author = {Dieck, Marianne},
	publisher = {Iberoamericana},
	title = {{La} negación en palenquero: {{A}}nálisis sincrónico, estudio comparativo y consecuencias teóricas},
	year = {2000}
}

@book{Deuber_2005,
	address = {London},
	author = {Deuber, Dagmar},
	pages = {272},
	publisher = {Battlebridge},
	title = {{Nigerian Pidgin} in {L}agos: {{L}}anguage contact, variation and change in an urban {African} setting},
	year = {2005}
}

@book{Dawkins_2020,
	address = {New Orleans},
	author = {Dawkins, Nickesha},
	note = {Linguistic Society of America (LSA) 94th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, January 2-5, 2020},
	publisher = {Linguistic Society of America (LSA)},
	title = {Social commentary on the acceptance and use of creole languages by international airlines to improve the efficiency of border control security in the {United States} of {America}},
	year = {2020}
}

@book{DANE_2010,
	address = {Bogotá},
	author = {{DANE}},
	publisher = {Revista Escala},
	title = {Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - Análisis regional de los principales indicadores sociodemográficos de la comunidad afrocolombiana e indígena a partir del censo general 2005},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{Coutinho_1976,
	address = {Rio de Janeiro},
	author = {Coutinho, Ismael de Lima},
	edition = 7,
	publisher = {Acadêmica},
	title = {Gramática histórica},
	year = {1976}
}

@book{Colmenares_1997,
	address = {Bogotá},
	author = {Colmenares, Germán},
	publisher = {Tercer Mundo Editores},
	sortname = {Colmenares, German},
	title = {Historia económica y social de {Colombia} {II}},
	year = {1997}
}

@book{Cassidy_LePage_1967,
	address = {London and New York},
	author = {Cassidy, Frederic Gomes and Le Page, Robert Brock},
	publisher = {CUP},
	title = {Dictionary of {Jamaican} {English}},
	year = {1967}
}

@book{Capo_1991,
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Capo, Hounkpati B. C},
	publisher = {Foris Publications},
	title = {A comparative phonology of {Gbe}},
	year = {1991}
}

@book{Bureau_of_Ghana_Languages_1986,
	address = {Accra},
	author = {{Bureau of Ghana Languages}},
	publisher = {Bureau of Ghana Languages},
	title = {Language Guide: {{F}}ante},
	year = {1986}
}

@book{Bowern_2008,
	address = {Basingstoke},
	author = {Bowern, Claire},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	title = {Linguistic fieldwork: {{A}} practical guide},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{Borges_2013,
	address = {Utrecht},
	author = {Borges, Robert D},
	pages = {235},
	publisher = {LOT},
	title = {The Life of Language: {{D}}ynamics of Language Contact in {Suriname}},
	year = {2013}
}

@book{Blommaert_2010,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Blommaert, Jan},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {The sociolinguistics of globalization},
	year = {2010}
}

@book{Blommaert_2008,
	address = {London},
	author = {Blommaert, Jan},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	title = {Grassroots literacy: {{W}}riting, identity and voice in {Central} {Africa}},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{Birmingham_1966,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Birmingham, David},
	publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	title = {Trade and Conflict in {Angola}: {{T}}he {Mbundu} and their Neighbours under the influence of the {Portuguese} 1483–1790},
	year = {1966}
}

@book{Berschin_FernandezSevilla_Felizberger_2012,
	address = {Hildesheim},
	author = {Berschin, Helmut and Fernández-Sevilla, Julio and Felizberger, Josef},
	publisher = {Georg Olms/Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft},
	sortname = {Berschin, Helmut and Fernandez-Sevilla, Julio and Felizberger, Josef},
	title = {Die spanische {Sprache}: {{V}}erbreitung – {Geschichte} – {Struktur}},
	langid = {german},
	year = {2012}
}

@book{Bartens_Baker_2012,
	address = {London},
	author = {Bartens, Angela and Baker, Philip},
	publisher = {Battlebridge},
	title = {Black Through White: {{A}}frican Words and Calques in Creoles and Transplanted {European} Languages},
	year = {2012}
}

@book{Barbosa_Acioli_Assis_2006,
	address = {Recife},
	author = {Barbosa, Maria do Socorro Ferraz and Acioli, Vera Lúcia Costa and Assis, Virgínia Maria Almôedo de},
	publisher = {Editora Universitária da UFPE},
	sortname = {Barbosa, Maria do Socorro Ferraz and Acioli, Vera Lucia Costa and Assis, Virginia Maria Almoedo de},
	title = {Fontes Repatriadas: {{A}}notações de história colonial},
	year = {2006}
}

@book{Baker_2001,
	address = {Clevedon, England},
	author = {Baker, Colin},
	edition = 3,
	publisher = {Multilingual Matters},
	title = {Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism},
	year = {2001}
}

@book{Auerbach_Silverstein_2003,
	address = {New York},
	author = {Auerbach, Carl and Silverstein, Louise B},
	publisher = {New York University Press},
	title = {Qualitative data: {{A}}n introduction to coding and analysis},
	year = {2003}
}

@book{Anderson_1983,
	address = {London},
	author = {Anderson, Benedict},
	publisher = {Verso},
	title = {Imagined communities: {{R}}eflections on the origin and spread of nationalism},
	year = {1983}
}

@book{Anchimbe_2018,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Anchimbe, Eric A},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	title = {Offers and offer refusals: {{A}} postcolonial pragmatics perspective on world {Englishes}},
	year = {2018}
}

@book{Alleyne_1980,
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	author = {Alleyne, Mervyn Coleridge},
	publisher = {Karoma},
	title = {Comparative {Afro-American}},
	year = {1980}
}

@book{AguirreLicth_1999,
	address = {Munich},
	author = {Aguirre Licht, Daniel},
	publisher = {LINCOM Europa},
	title = {Embera},
	year = {1999}
}

@book{Aboh_2015,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Aboh, Enoch Oladé},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	sortname = {Aboh, Enoch Olade},
	title = {The emergence of hybrid grammars: {{L}}anguage contact and change},
	year = {2015}
}

@book{Aboh_2004,
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Aboh, Enoch Oladé},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	sortname = {Aboh, Enoch Olade},
	title = {The morphosyntax of complement-head sequences: {{C}}lause structure and word order patterns in {Kwa}},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{Zentella1982,
	author = {Ana Celia Zentella},
	doi = {10.1080/00437956.1982.11435721},
	journal = {Word},
	number = {1-2},
	pages = {41--57},
	title = {{Spanish} and {English} in contact in the {United States}: {{T}}he {P}uerto {R}ican experience},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1982}
}

@article{Yumoto_1995,
	author = {Yumoto, Kazuko},
	journal = {Kanagawa Prefectural College of Foreign Studies, Working Papers},
	pages = {49--60},
	title = {Bilingualism, code-switching, language mixing, transfer and borrowing: {{C}}larifying terminologies in the literature},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1995}
}

@article{Wolfram_Carter_Moriello_2004,
	author = {Walt Wolfram and Phillip Carter and Beckie Moriello},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9841.2004.00264.x},
	journal = {Journal of Sociolinguistics},
	number = {3},
	pages = {339--358},
	title = {Emerging {Hispanic} {English}: {{N}}ew dialect formation in the {American} {South}},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{Winer_1990,
	author = {Winer, Lise},
	journal = {Language Problems and Language Planning},
	number = {3},
	pages = {237--268},
	title = {Orthographic standardization for {Trinidad} and {Tobago}: {{L}}inguistic and sociopolitical considerations in an {English} {Creole} community},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1990}
}

@article{Vos_2010,
	author = {Vos, Jelmer},
	journal = {African Economic History},
	pages = {29--51},
	title = {The slave trade from the {W}indward {C}oast: {{T}}he case of the {Dutch}, 1740–1805},
	volume = {38},
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