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Hawkins}, booktitle = {The Major Languages of {Western} {Europe}}, editor = {Bernard Comrie}, pages = {58--66}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {{Germanic} Languages}, year = 1990 } @incollection{hausenberg1998, author = {Anu-Reet Hausenberg}, booktitle = {The {Uralic} Languages}, crossref = {abondolo1998}, pages = {305--326}, title = {{Komi}}, year = {1998} } @incollection{haspelmath2008, author = {Martin Haspelmath}, booktitle = {Aspects of Language Contact}, crossref = {stolz_ea_2008}, pages = {43--62}, title = {Loanword typology: {{S}}teps toward a systematic cross-linguistic study of lexical borrowability}, year = {2008} } @incollection{haspelmath2003, address = {Mahwah, NJ}, author = {Haspelmath, Martin}, booktitle = {The New Psychology of Language}, editor = {Michael Tomasello}, pages = {211--242}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, title = {The geometry of grammatical meaning: {{S}}emantic maps and cross-linguistic comparison}, volume = {2}, year = {2003} } @incollection{gruenthal2007, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Riho Grünthal}, booktitle = {Sámit, sánit, sátnehámit. {{R}}iepmočála {{P}}ekka {{S}}ammallahtii miessemánu 21. {{B}}eaivve 2007}, editor = {Jussi Ylikoski and Ante Aikio}, number = {253}, pages = {115--137}, publisher = {Finno-Ugrian Society}, series = {Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne}, sortname = {Riho Grunthal}, title = {The {{M}}ordvinic languages between bush and tree}, year = {2007} } @incollection{geisler_list_2010, address = {Wiesbaden}, author = {Geisler, Hans and List, Johann-Mattis}, booktitle = {Die {{A}}usbreitung des {{I}}ndogermanischen. {{T}}hesen aus {{S}}prachwissenschaft, {{A}}rchäologie und {{G}}enetik}, editor = {Hettrich, Heinrich}, note = {(Unpublished manuscript.)}, publisher = {Reichert}, title = {Beautiful trees on unstable ground. {{N}}otes on the data problem in lexicostatistics}, year = {2010} } @incollection{francois2014, address = {London}, author = {Alexandre François}, booktitle = {The {Routledge} Handbook of Historical Linguistics}, editor = {Claire Bowern and Bethwyn Evans}, pages = {161--189}, publisher = {Routledge}, sortname = {Alexandre François}, title = {Trees, waves and linkages. {{M}}odels of language diversification}, year = {2014} } @incollection{francois2008, address = {Amsterdam}, author = {Alexandre François}, booktitle = {From Polysemy to Semantic change: {{T}}owards a Typology of Lexical Semantic Associations}, editor = {Martine Vanhove}, pages = {163--215}, publisher = {Benjamins}, series = {Studies in Language Companion Series}, sortname = {Alexandre François}, title = {Semantic maps and the typology of colexification: {{I}}ntertwining polysemous networks across languages}, year = {2008} } @incollection{fillmore1976, address = {\biberror{no address}}, author = {Fillmore, Charles J.}, booktitle = {Origins and evolution of language and speech}, editor = {Harnad, S.}, pages = {155--202}, publisher = {{{A}}cademy of {{S}}ciences}, title = {{{F}}rame semantics and the nature of language}, year = 1976 } @incollection{decsy1988, author = {Gyula Décsy}, booktitle = {The {{U}}ralic Languages. {{D}}escription, History and Foreign Influences.}, crossref = {sinor1988}, pages = {616--637}, sortname = {Gyula D{e}csy}, title = {Slawischer {Einfluss} auf die uralischen {Sprachen}}, year = {1988} } @incollection{bereczki1988, author = {Gábor Bereczki}, booktitle = {The {{U}}ralic Languages. {{D}}escription, History and Foreign Influences.}, crossref = {sinor1988}, pages = {314--350}, sortname = {Gabor Bereczki}, title = {{Geschichte} der wolgafinnischen {Sprachen}}, year = {1988} } @incollection{bailey1987, address = {London}, author = {H. W. Bailey}, booktitle = {Encyclop\ae{}dia {{I}}ranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4-5}, editor = {Ehsan Yarshater}, pages = {445--465}, publisher = {Encyclop\ae{}dia Iranica Foundation}, title = {{Armenia} and {Iran} iv. {{I}}ranian influences in {Armenia}n Language}, year = {1987} } @incollection{aikio2004, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Ante Aikio}, booktitle = {Etymologie, {Entlehnungen} und {Entwicklungen}: {{F}}estschrift für {Jorma} {Koivulehto} zum 70. {{G}}eburtstag}, editor = {Irma Hyvärinen and Petri Kallio and Jarmo Korhonen}, pages = {5--34}, publisher = {Uusfilologinen Yhdistys}, series = {Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 63}, title = {An Essay on Substrate Studies and the Origin of {{S}}aami}, year = {2004} } @inbook{kobylinski2005, author = {Zbigniew Kobyliński}, booktitle = {The New {Cambridge} Medieval History: Volume 1, c. 500 -- c. 700}, editor = {Paul Fouracre}, month = {12}, pages = {524–544}, address = {Cambridge}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The Slavs}, year = {2005}, } @book{zajceva2010, address = {Petrozavodsk}, author = {N. G. Zajceva}, publisher = {Periodika}, title = {Uz’ vepsä-venäläine vajehnik = Novyj vepssko-russkij slovar’}, year = {2010} } @book{yeung2008, address = {New York, NY}, author = {Raymond W. Yeung}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, title = {Information theory and network coding}, year = {2008} } @book{wold, address = {Leipzig}, booktitle = {{{WOLD}}}, editor = {Martin Haspelmath and Uri Tadmor}, publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology}, title = {{{WOLD}}}, url = {http://wold.clld.org/}, urldate={2019-06-09}, year = {2009} } @book{volodin1989, address = {Leningrad}, author = {A. P. Volodin and K. N. Halojmova}, publisher = {Prosveščenie}, title = {Slovar’ itel’mensko-russkij i russko-itel’menskij}, year = {1989} } @book{traugott_dasher_2002, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Traugott, E. C. and Dasher, R. B.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, series = {Cambridge Studies in Linguistics}, title = {Regularity in Semantic Change}, year = {2002} } @book{thomason_kaufman_1988, address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles}, author = {Sarah Grey Thomason and Terrence Kaufman}, publisher = {University of California Press}, title = {Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics}, year = {1988} } @book{taagepera2013, address = {London}, author = {Rein Taagepera}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {The {{F}}inno-{{U}}gric republics and the {{R}}ussian state}, year = {2013} } @book{sweetser1991, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Sweetser, Eve}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {From etymology to pragmatics: {{M}}etaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic structure}, year = {1991} } @book{swafford2002, address = {Sunderland, Mass.}, author = {Swafford, D. L.}, publisher = {Sinauer Associates}, title = {{PAUP}*. {{P}}hylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). {{V}}ersion 4}, year = {2002} } @book{suhonen1973, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Seppo Suhonen}, series = {Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne}, title = {Die jungen lettischen {{L}}ehnwörter im {{L}}ivischen}, year = {1973}, number = {154}, publisher = {Suomalais-ugrilainen seura} } @book{stolz_ea_2008, address = {Berlin}, booktitle = {Aspects of Language Contact: {{N}}ew Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Findings with Special Focus on Romancisation Processes}, editor = {Thomas Stolz and Dik Bakker and Rosa Salas Palomo}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {Aspects of Language Contact: {{N}}ew Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Findings with Special Focus on Romancisation Processes}, year = {2008} } @book{ssa, address = {Helsinki}, booktitle = {Suomen sanojen alkuperä. {{E}}tymologinen sanakirja.}, editor = {Erkki Itkonen and Ulla-Maija Kulonen}, publisher = {Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten keskus}, title = {Suomen sanojen alkuperä. {{E}}tymologinen sanakirja.}, year = {1992--2000} } @book{spirtes_ea_2000, address = {Cambridge, MA and London}, author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines}, edition = 2, publisher = {MIT Press}, title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search}, year = {2000} } @book{sinor1988, address = {Leiden}, editor = {Denis Sinor}, publisher = {Brill}, series = {Handbuch der Orientalistik 8}, title = {The {{U}}ralic Languages. {{D}}escription, History and Foreign Influences.}, year = {1988} } @book{reichenbach1956, address = {Berkeley}, author = {Hans Reichenbach}, publisher = {University of California Press}, title = {The Direction of Time}, year = {1956} } @book{redeiUEW, address = {Budapest}, booktitle = {Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch}, editor = {Rédei, Károly}, publisher = {Akadémiai Kiadó}, sortname = {Redei, Karoly}, title = {Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch}, year = {1988} } @book{puura_ea_2013, address = {Mainz}, author = {Ulriikka Puura and Heini Karjalainen and Nina Zajceva and Riho Grünthal}, series = {Studies in {European} Language Diversity}, publisher = {ELDIA (European Language Diversity for All)}, title = {The {{V}}eps language in {{R}}ussia: {{ELDIA}} Case-Specific Report}, year = {2013}, number = {25} } @book{pereltsvaig_lewis_2015, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W. Lewis}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The {{I}}ndo-{{E}}uropean Controversy: {{F}}acts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics}, year = {2015} } @book{pearl2009, address = {Cambridge}, author = {Judea Pearl}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Causality}, year = {2009} } @book{pearl1988, address = {San Francisco, CA}, author = {Judea Pearl}, publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: {{N}}etworks of Plausible Inference}, year = {1988} } @book{nikolayev_starostin_1994, address = {Moscow}, author = {Sergei L. Nikolayev and Sergei A. Starostin}, publisher = {Asterisk Press}, title = {A {{N}}orth {{C}}aucasian Etymological Dictionary}, year = {1994} } @book{nikolaeva2006, address = {Berlin}, author = {Irina Nikolaeva}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, series = {Trends in Linguistics. Documentation [TiLDOC]}, title = {A Historical Dictionary of {{Y}}ukaghir}, year = {2006} } @book{myers-scotton2002, address = {Oxford}, author = {Carol Myers-Scotton}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Language contact: {{B}}ilingual encounters and grammatical outcomes}, year = {2002} } @book{morrison2011, address = {Uppsala}, author = {David A. Morrison}, publisher = {RJR Productions}, title = {An introduction to phylogenetic networks}, year = {2011} } @book{menovshchikov1988, address = {Leningrad}, author = {G. A. Menovščikov}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Prosveščenie}, sortname = {G. A. Menovscikov}, title = {Slovar’ èskimossko-russkij i russko-èskimosskij}, year = {1988} } @book{menges1995, address = {Wiesbaden}, author = {Karl Heinrich Menges}, publisher = {Otto Harrassowitz Verlag}, title = {The {{Turkic}} languages and peoples: {{A}}n introduction to {{Turkic}} studies}, year = {1995} } @book{maslova2003, address = {Berlin}, author = {Elena Maslova}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, title = {A grammar of {{K}}olyma {{Y}}ukaghir}, number = {27}, series = {Mouton Grammar Library}, year = {2003} } @book{list2014, address = {Düsseldorf}, author = {List, Johann-Mattis}, publisher = {Düsseldorf University Press}, title = {Sequence comparison in historical linguistics}, year = {2014} } @book{levin1993, address = {Chicago}, author = {Levin, Beth}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, title = {{English} verb classes and alternations : {{A}} preliminary investigation}, year = 1993 } @book{lehtisalo_1956, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Toivo Lehtisalo}, publisher = {Suomalais-ugrilainen seura}, series = {Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae}, number = {13}, title = {Juraksamojedisches {{W}}{ö}rterbuch}, year = {1956} } @book{lehtiranta1989, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Lehtiranta, Juhani}, number = {200}, publisher = {Suomalais-ugrilainen seura}, series = {SUST}, title = {Yhteissaamelainen sanasto}, year = {1989} } @book{ladefoged_maddieson_1996, address = {Oxford}, author = {Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson}, publisher = {Blackwell}, title = {The Sounds of the World's Languages}, year = {1996} } @book{kroonen2013, address = {Leiden}, author = {Kroonen, Guus}, publisher = {Brill}, title = {Etymological Dictionary of {{P}}roto-{{G}}ermanic}, year = {2013} } @book{kronasser1952, address = {Heidelberg}, author = {Heinz Kronasser}, publisher = {Winter}, title = {{Handbuch} der Semasiologie}, year = {1952} } @book{koller_friedman_2009, address = {Cambridge, MA and London}, author = {Daphne Koller and Nir Friedman}, publisher = {MIT Press}, title = {Probabilistic graphical models: {{P}}rinciples and techniques}, year = {2009} } @book{khalilov1993, address = {Mahačkala}, author = {Halilov, Madžid Šaripovič}, pages = {51}, publisher = {RAN}, sortname = {Halilov, Madzid Saripovic}, title = {Gruzinsko-dagestanskie jazykovye kontakty: (na materiale avarsko-cezskih i nekotoryh lezginskih jazykov)}, year = {1993} } @book{kessler2001, address = {Stanford, CA}, author = {Kessler, Brett}, publisher = {CSLI Publications}, title = {The significance of word lists. {{S}}tatistical tests for investigating historical connections between languages.}, year = {2001} } @book{johanson_csato_1998, address = {London}, author = {Lars Johanson and Éva Ágnes Csató}, publisher = {Routledge}, sortname = {Lars Johanson and {{E}}va {{A}}gnes Csat{o}}, title = {The {Turkic} Languages}, year = {1998}, series = {Routledge Language Family Series} } @book{janhunen2003, address = {London}, editor = {Juha Janhunen}, publisher = {Routledge}, series = {Routledge Language Family Series}, title = {The {{M}}ongolic Languages}, year = {2003} } @book{janhunen1996, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Juha Janhunen}, publisher = {Finno-Ugrian Society}, title = {Manchuria: {{A}}n ethnic history}, number = {222}, year = {1996}, series = {Suomalais-ugrilaisen seuran toimituksia} } @book{janhunen1977, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Juha Janhunen}, number = {17}, publisher = {Helsingin Yliopisto}, series = {Castreanumin toimitteita}, title = {Samojedischer {{W}}ortschatz}, year = {1977} } @book{ids, address = {Leipzig}, booktitle = {{{IDS}}}, editor = {Mary Ritchie Key and Bernard Comrie}, publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology}, title = {{IDS}}, url = {http://ids.clld.org}, urldate = {2019-06-10}, year = {2015} } @book{hock_joseph_1996, address = {Berlin}, author = {Hans H. Hock and Brian D. Joseph}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, title = {Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship. {{A}}n Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics}, year = {1996} } @book{hewitt2004, address = {Munich}, author = {George Hewitt}, number = {19}, publisher = {Lincom Europa}, series = {LINCOM handbooks in linguistics}, title = {Introduction to the study of the languages of the {{C}}aucasus}, year = {2004} } @book{haspelmath2005wals, address = {Oxford}, author = {Haspelmath, Martin}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {The world atlas of language structures}, year = {2005} } @book{hakkinen2007, author = {Jaakko Häkkinen}, publisher = {University of Helsinki, Faculty of Arts, Department of Finno-Ugrian Studies}, title = {Kantauralin murteutuminen vokaalivastaavuuksien valossa}, year = {2007}, sortname = {Jaakko Hakkinen}, address = {Helsinki}, note = {(MA thesis)} } @book{gruzdeva1998, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Ekaterina Gruzdeva}, publisher = {Lincom Europa}, title = {Nivkh}, number = {111}, year = {1998}, series = {Languages of the World} } @book{fortescue_ea_2010, address = {Fairbanks, Alaska}, author = {Michael D. Fortescue and Steven Jacobson and Lawrence Kaplan}, publisher = {Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks}, series = {Alaska Native Language Center research papers}, title = {Comparative {Eskimo} Dictionary: {{W}}ith {Aleut} Cognates}, year = {2010} } @book{fortescue2005, address = {Berlin}, author = {Michael D. Fortescue}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, series = {Trends in Linguistics. Documentation [TiLDOC]}, title = {Comparative {{C}}hukotko-{{K}}amchatkan Dictionary}, year = {2005} } @book{fortescue1998, author = {Michael D. Fortescue}, publisher = {Cassell}, series = {Open linguistics series}, title = {Language relations across {{B}}ering {{S}}trait: {{R}}eappraising the archaeological and linguistic evidence}, year = {1998}, address = {London and New York} } @book{fisher1925, address = {Edinburgh \& London}, author = {Ronald A. Fisher}, publisher = {Oliver and Boyd}, title = {Statistical methods for research workers}, series = {Biological Monographs and Manuals}, year = {[1925] 1934}, edition = {5}, number = {{V}} } @book{finkenstaedt_wolff_1973, author = {Thomas Finkenstaedt and Dieter Wolff}, publisher = {C. Winter}, title = {Ordered profusion. {{S}}tudies in dictionaries and the {English} lexicon}, year = {1973}, address = {Heidelberg} } @book{felsenstein2004, author = {Felsenstein, Joseph}, publisher = {Sinauer Associates}, title = {Inferring phylogenies}, year = {2004}, address = {Sunderland, Massachusetts} } @book{dybo2007, address = {Moskva}, author = {Anna V. Dybo}, publisher = {Vostočnaja literatura RAN}, title = {Lingvističeskie kontakty rannih t’urkov: {{L}}eksičeskij fond prat’urkskij period}, year = {2007} } @book{de_vaan_2008, address = {Leiden, The Netherlands}, author = {de Vaan, Michiel Arnoud Cor}, number = {7}, publisher = {Brill}, series = {Leiden Indo-European etymological dictionary series}, title = {Etymological Dictionary of {{L}}atin and the Other {{I}}talic Languages}, year = {2008} } @book{dahl_koptjevskaja-tamm_2001, editor = {Dahl, Östen and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria}, number = {54}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, series = {Studies in Language Companion Series}, sortname = {Dahl, Osten and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria}, title = {Circum-{{B}}altic Languages -- {{V}}olume 1: {{P}}ast and Present}, year = {2001}, address = {Amsterdam} } @book{cover_thomas_2006, address = {Hoboken, New Jersey}, author = {Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas}, edition = {2}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, title = {Elements of information theory}, year = {2006} } @book{campbell1999, address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, author = {Lyle Campbell}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, title = {Historical Linguistics: {{A}}n Introduction}, year = {1999} } @book{buck1949, address = {Chicago, USA}, author = {Carl D. Buck}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, title = {A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal {Indo}-{European} Languages}, year = {1949} } @book{bowern_evans_2015, address = {London}, booktitle = {The {Routledge} Handbook of Historical Linguistics}, editor = {Claire Bowern and Bethwyn Evans}, publisher = {Routledge}, title = {The {Routledge} Handbook of Historical Linguistics}, year = {2015} } @book{anikin_helimski_2007, address = {Moskva}, author = {A. E. Anikin and E. A. 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