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Essays in Linguistic Theory and Practice in Honour of F. R. 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S.}, title = {A perceptual model of vowel recognition based on the auditory representation of {{A}}merican {{E}}nglish vowels}, journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, date = {1986}, volume = {79}, pages = {1086--1100} } @article{lobanov1971, author = {Lobanov, Boris M.}, title = {Classification of {{R}}ussian vowels spoken by different speakers}, journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, date = {1971}, volume = {49}, pages = {606--608} } @incollection{hindle1978, author = {Hindle, Donald}, editor = {Sankoff, David}, title = {Approaches to vowel normalization in the study of natural speech}, booktitle = {Linguistic Variation Models and Methods}, date = {1978}, publisher = {Academic Press}, location = {New York}, pages = {161--171} } @incollection{thomas2002, author = {Thomas, Erik R.}, editor = {Chambers, Jack K. and Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie}, title = {Instrumental phonetics}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Language Variation and Change}, date = {2002}, publisher = {Blackwell}, location = {Oxford/Malden, MA}, pages = {168--200} } @article{disner1980, author = {Disner, Sandra Ferrari}, title = {Evaluation of vowel normalization procedures}, journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, date = {1980}, volume = {67}, pages = {253--261} } @article{adanketal2004, author = {Adank, Patti and Smits, Roel and van Hout, Roeland}, title = {A comparison of vowel normalization procedures for language variation research}, journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, date = {2004}, volume = {116}, pages = {3099--3107} } @article{clopper2009, author = {Clopper, Cynthia G.}, title = {Computational methods for normalizing acoustic vowel data for talker differences}, journaltitle = {Language and Linguistics Compass}, date = {2009}, volume = {3}, issue = {6}, pages = {1430--1442}, } @article{fabriciusetal2009, author = {Fabricius, Anne and Watt, Dominic and Johnson, Daniel Ezra}, title = {A comparison of three speaker-intrinsic vowel formant frequency normalization algorithms for sociophonetics}, journaltitle = {Language Variation and Change}, date = {2009}, volume = {21}, pages = {413--435}, } @article{wattfabricius2002, author = {Watt, Dominic and Fabricius, Anne}, title = {Evaluation of a technique for improving the mapping of multiple speakers' vowel spaces in the {{F}}1\(\sim\){{F}}2 plane}, journaltitle = {Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics}, date = {2002}, volume = {9}, pages = {159--173}, } @online{praat, author = {Boersma, Paul and Weenink, David}, title = {Praat: {{D}}oing phonetics by computer}, date = {2015}, url = {http://www.praat.org/}, version = {5.4.08}, urldate = {2015-03-27} } @online{kendallthomas2014, author = {Kendall, Tyler and Thomas, Erik R.}, title = {Vowels: {{V}}owel Manipulation, Normalization, and Plotting in R}, date = {2009/2014}, url = {http://ncslaap.lib.ncsu.edu/tools/norm/}, subtitle = {R package}, version = {1.2-1}, urldate = {2015-03-10} } @online{sosci, ALTauthor = {Leiner, Dominik and Leiner, Stefanie}, title = {SoSciSurvey.de}, urldate = {2015-03-24}, url = {https://www.soscisurvey.de/index.php?page=home&l=eng} } @booklet{garciaetal2010, author = {Garcia, Beatriz and Melville, Ruth and Cox, Tamsin}, title = {Creating an impact: {{L}}iverpool's experience as {{E}}uropean {{C}}apital of {{C}}ulture}, year = {2010}, url = {http://www.liv.ac.uk/impacts08/}, urldate = {2013-09-03} } @incollection{belchem2006d, crossref={belchem2006b}, author={Belchem, John}, title={`{{A}}n accent exceedingly rare': {{S}}couse and the inflexion of class}, pages={31--64} } @incollection{belchem2006c, crossref={belchem2006b}, author={Belchem, John}, title={Introduction: {{T}}he new `{{L}}ivercool'}, pages={xi--xxix} } @book{crowley2012, author={Crowley, Tony}, title={Scouse: {{A}} Social and Cultural History}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, year={2012}, address={Liverpool} } @book{ellis1889, author={Ellis, Alexander John}, title={Early {{E}}nglish pronunciation. Part 5}, publisher={Trübner}, year={1889}, address={London} } @book{harris1985, author={Harris, John}, title={Phonological variation and change: {{S}}tudies in {{H}}iberno-{{E}}nglish}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, year={1985}, address={Cambridge} } @incollection{murden2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Murden, Jon}, title={`{{C}}ity of change and challenge': {{L}}iverpool since 1945}, pages={393--485} } @incollection{milne2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Milne, Graeme J.}, title={Maritime {{L}}iverpool}, pages={257--309} } @incollection{belchemmacraild2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Belchem, John and MacRaild, Donald M.}, title={Cosmopolitan {{L}}iverpool}, pages={311--391} } @incollection{kermodeetal2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Kermode, Jenny and Hollinshead, Janet and Gratton, Malcolm}, title={Small beginnings: {{L}}iverpool 1207--1680}, pages={59--111} } @incollection{longmore2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Longmore, Jane}, title={Civic {{L}}iverpool: 1680--1800}, pages={113--169} } @incollection{pooley2006, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Pooley, Colin G.}, title={Living in {{L}}iverpool: {{T}}he modern city}, pages={171--255} } @incollection{belchem2006a, crossref={belchem2006}, author={Belchem, John}, title={Celebrating {{L}}iverpool}, pages={9--57} } @article{silverstein2003, author={Silverstein, Michael}, year={2003}, title={Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life}, journal={Language and Communication}, volume={23}, pages={193--229} } @article{agha2003, author={Agha, Asif}, year={2003}, title={The social life of cultural value}, journal={Journal of Linguistic Anthropology}, volume={23}, pages={231--271} } @article{honeybonewatson2013, author={Honeybone, Patrick and Watson, Kevin}, year={2013}, title={Salience and the sociolinguistics of {{S}}couse spelling: {{E}}xploring the phonology of the {{C}}ontemporary {{H}}umorous {{L}}ocalised {{D}}ialect {{L}}iterature of {{L}}iverpool}, journal={English World-Wide}, volume={34}, number={3}, pages={305--340} } @article{johnstoneetal2006, author={Johnstone, Barbara and Andrus, Jennifer and Danielson, Andrew}, year={2006}, title={Mobility, indexicality and the enregisterment of `{{P}}ittsburghese'}, journal={Journal of English Linguistics}, volume={34}, number={2}, pages={77--104} } @article{correlletal2002, author={Correll, J. and Park, B. and Judd, C. M. and Wittenbrink, B.}, year={2002}, title={The police officer's dilemma: using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals}, journal={Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, volume={83}, pages={1314--1329} } @incollection{harringtonetal2005, author={Harrington, Jonathan and Palethorpe, Sallyanne and Watson, Catherine}, year={2005}, title={Deepening or lessening the divide between diphthongs? An analysis of the Queen's annual Christmas broadcasts}, editor={Hardcastle, William J. and Mackenzie Beck, Janet}, booktitle={A Figure of Speech: Festschrift for Jonathan Laver}, address={Mahwah, NJ}, publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum}, pages={227--61} } @article{harringtonetal2000b, author={Harrington, Jonathan and Palethorpe, Sallyanne and Watson, Catherine}, year={2000}, title={Monophthongal vowel changes in {{R}}eceived {{P}}ronunciation. an acoustic analysis of the Queen's Christmas broadcasts}, journal={Journal of the Internation Phonetic Association}, volume={30}, pages={63--78} } @article{harringtonetal2000a, author={Harrington, Jonathan and Palethorpe, Sallyanne and Watson, Catherine}, year={2000}, title={Does the Queen speak the Queen's English?}, journal={Nature}, volume={408}, pages={927--928} } @article{harrington2006, author={Harrington, Jonathan}, year={2006}, title={An acoustic analysis of `happy-tensing' in the {{Q}}ueen's {{C}}hristmas broadcasts}, journal={Journal of 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year={2003}, title={Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in {{B}}ritish {{E}}nglish}, editor={Britain, David and Cheshire, Jenny}, booktitle={Social Dialectology: {{I}}n honour of {{P}}eter {{T}}rudgill}, address={Amsterdam}, publisher={Benjamins}, pages={223--243} } @article{medinschaffer1978, author={Medin, Douglas L. and Schaffer, Marguerite M.}, year={1978}, title={Context theory of classification learning}, journal={Psychological Review}, volume={85}, pages={207--238} } @article{pierrehumbert2006, author={Pierrehumbert, Janet}, year={2006}, title={The next toolkit}, journal={Journal of Phonetics}, volume={34}, pages={516--530} } @incollection{pierrehumbert2002, author={Pierrehumbert, Janet}, year={2002}, title={Word-specific phonetics}, editor={Gussenhoven, Carlos and Warner, Natasha}, booktitle={Laboratory phonology}, volume={VII}, address={Berlin}, publisher={Mouton de Gruyter}, pages={101--139}, url={http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~jbp/publications/word_specific.pdf}, urldate={2015-12-15} } @article{hayetal2006a, author={Hay, Jennifer and Nolan, Aaron and Drager, Katie}, year={2006}, title={From fush to feesh: {{E}}xemplar priming in speech perception}, journal={The Linguistic Review}, volume={23}, pages={351--379} } @article{hayetal2006b, author={Hay, Jennifer and Warren, Paul and Drager, Katie}, year={2006}, title={Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger-in-progress}, journal={Journal of Phonetics}, volume={34}, pages={458--484} } @article{haydrager2010, author={Hay, Jennifer and Drager, Katie}, year={2010}, title={Stuffed toys and speech perception}, journal={Linguistics}, volume={48}, pages={865--892} } @mastersthesis{drager2005, author={Drager, Katie}, title={Social effects on the perception of DRESS and TRAP in {{N}}ew {{Z}}ealand {{E}}nglish}, school={University of Canterbury}, year={2005}, type={Unpublished Master thesis} } @incollection{guzzo2007, crossref={faircloughcortese2007}, author={Guzzo, Siria}, title={Multilingualism and language variation in the {{B}}ritish {{I}}sles: The case of the {{B}}edford {{I}}talian community}, pages={233--257} } @article{boland2010, author={Boland, Philip}, title={Sonic geography, place and race in the formation of local identity: {{L}}iverpool and {{S}}cousers}, journal={Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography}, year={2010}, volume={92}, number={1}, pages={1--22} } @article{hickey1996, author={Hickey, Raymond}, title={Lenition in {{I}}rish {{E}}nglish}, journal={Working Papers in Linguistics}, year={1996}, volume={13}, pages={173--193} } @article{watson2002, author={Watson, Kevin}, title={The realization of final /t/ in {{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, journal={Durham Working Papers in Linguistics}, year={2002}, volume={8}, pages={195--205} } @article{watson2006, author={Watson, Kevin}, title={Phonological resistance and innovation in the {{N}}orth-{{W}}est of {{E}}ngland}, journal={English Today}, year={2006}, volume={22}, number={2}, pages={55--61} } @article{watson2007, author={Watson, Kevin}, title={{{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, journal={Journal of the International Phonetic Association}, year={2007}, volume={37}, number={3}, pages={351--360} } @incollection{watson2007a, crossref={grantgrey2007}, author={Watson, Kevin}, title={Is {{S}}couse getting {{S}}couser? {{P}}honological change in contemporary {{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, pages={215--241} } @article{sangster2001, author={Sangster, Catherine M.}, title={Lenition of alveolar stops in {{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, journal={Journal of Sociolinguistics}, year={2001}, volume={5}, number={3}, pages={401--412} } @phdthesis{knowles1973, author = {Knowles, Gerald O.}, title = {Scouse: {{T}}he urban dialect of {{L}}iverpool}, school = {University of Leeds. 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@incollection{strandjohnson1996, author = {Strand, Elizabeth and Johnson, Keith}, editor = {Gibbon, Dafydd}, title = {Gradient and visual speaker normalization in the perception of fricatives}, booktitle = {Natural language processing and speech technology: {{R}}esults of the 3rd {KONVENS} conference, {{B}}ielefeld, {{O}}ctober 1996}, date = {1996}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Mouton}, pages = {14--26} } @article{strand1999, author={Strand, Elizabeth}, title={Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception}, journal={Journal of Language and Social Psychology}, year={1999}, volume={18}, pages={86--99} } @phdthesis{montgomery2007, month = {1}, title = {Northern {{E}}nglish Dialects: {{A}} perceptual approach}, school = {University of Sheffield}, author = {Montgomery, Chris}, publisher = {University of Sheffield}, year = {2007}, url = {http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1203/} } @incollection{montgomery2007a, crossref={grantgrey2007}, author={Montgomery, Chris}, title={Perceptions of {{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, pages={164--188} } @book{wales2006, author={Wales, Katie}, title={Northern {{E}}nglish}, subtitle = {A Cultural and Social History}, publisher={CUP}, year={2006}, address={Cambridge} } @mastersthesis{delyon1981, author={De Lyon, Hilary}, title={A Sociolinguistic Study of Aspects of the {{L}}iverpool Accent }, school={University of Liverpool}, year={1981}, type={M.{{P}}hil. dissertation} } @book{trudgill1986, author={Trudgill, Peter}, title={Dialects in contact}, publisher={Blackwell}, year={1986}, address={Oxford} } @book{trudgill2004, author={Trudgill, Peter}, title={New-dialect formation}, subtitle = {The inevitability of colonial {{E}}nglishes}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, year={2004}, address={Edinburgh} } @book{trudgill1999, author={Trudgill, Peter}, title={The Dialects of {{E}}ngland}, publisher={Blackwell}, year={1999}, address={Oxford}, edition={Second edition} } @book{beal2010, author={Beal, Joan C.}, title={An Introduction to Regional {{E}}nglishes: {{D}}ialect Variation in {{E}}ngland}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, year={2010}, address={Edinburgh} } @book{labov1972, author={Labov, William}, year={1972}, chapter={On the mechanism of linguistic change}, title={Sociolinguistic Patterns}, address={Philadelphia}, publisher={University of Philadelphia Press}, pages={160--182} } @article{labov1990, author={Labov, William}, title={The interaction of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change}, journal={Language Variation and Change}, year={1990}, volume={2}, pages={205--254} } @incollection{labov2001, crossref={eckertrickford2001}, author={Labov, William}, title={The anatomy of style-shifting}, pages={85--108} } @book{labov2006, author={Labov, William}, title={The Social Stratification of English in New York City}, publisher={CUP}, year={2006}, address={Cambridge}, edition={Second} } @article{labovetal2011, author={Labov, William and Ash, Sharon and Ravindranath, Maya and Weldon, Tracey and Baranowski, Maciej and Nagy, Naomi}, title={Properties of the sociolinguistic monitor}, journal={Journal of Sociolinguistics}, year={2011}, volume={15}, number={4}, pages={431--463} } @book{labovetal2006, author={Labov, William and Ash, Sharon and Boberg, Charles}, title={The {{A}}tlas of {{N}}orth {{A}}merican {{E}}nglish: {{P}}honology, Phonetics, and Sound Change. {{A}} Multimedia Reference Tool}, publisher={Mouton de Gruyter}, year={2006}, address={Berlin} } @book{hohenberglees1985, author={Hohenberg, Paul M. and Lees, Lynn Hollen}, title={The Making of Urban {{E}}urope 1000--1950}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, year={1985}, address={Cambridge, MA and London, England}, series={Harvard Studies in Urban History} } @incollection{honeybone2007, crossref={grantgrey2007}, author={Honeybone, Patrick}, title={New-dialect formation in nineteenth century {{L}}iverpool: {{A}} brief history of {{S}}couse}, pages={106--140} } @article{honeybone2001, author={Honeybone, Patrick}, title={Lenition inhibition in {{L}}iverpool {{E}}nglish}, journal={English Language and Linguistics}, year={2001}, volume={5}, number={2}, pages={213--249} } @incollection{juddparkinson1990a, crossref={juddparkinson1990}, author={Judd, Dennis and Parkinson, Michael}, title={Urban leadership and regeneration}, pages={13--30}, chaper={1} } @incollection{parkinson1990, crossref={juddparkinson1990}, author={Parkinson, Michael}, title={Leadership and regeneration in {{L}}iverpool: {{C}}onfusion, confrontation, or coalition?}, pages={241--257}, chaper={12} } @incollection{pustka2008, crossref={krefeld2008}, author={Pustka, Elissa}, title={Accent(s) parisien(s) --- {{A}}uto- und {{H}}eterorepr\"asentationen stadtsprachlicher {{M}}erkmale}, pages={213--249} } @incollection{couchfraser2003a, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Couch, Chris and Fraser, Charles}, title={Introduction: The {{E}}uropean context and theoretical framework}, pages={1--16}, chaper={1} } @incollection{fraser2003, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Fraser, Charles}, title={Change in the {{E}}uropean industrial city}, pages={17--33}, chaper={2} } @incollection{couch2003, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Couch, Chris}, title={Urban regeneration in {{L}}iverpool}, pages={34--55}, chaper={3} } @incollection{couch2003a, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Couch, Chris}, title={Economic and physical influences on urban regeneration in {{E}}urope}, pages={166--179}, chaper={11} } @incollection{fraser2003a, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Fraser, Charles}, title={The institutional and financial conditions of urban regeneration in {{E}}urope}, pages={180--199}, chaper={12} } @incollection{percy2003, crossref={couchfraser2003}, author={Percy, Susan}, title={New agendas}, pages={200--209}, chaper={13} } @article{foulkesdocherty2006, author={Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard J.}, title={The social life of phonetics and phonology}, journal={Journal of Phonetics}, year={2006}, volume={34}, pages={409--438} } @incollection{foulkesdocherty1999a, crossref={foulkesdocherty1999}, author={Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard J.}, title={Urban voices --- overview}, pages={1--24}, chaper={1} } @incollection{newbrook1999, crossref={foulkesdocherty1999}, author={Newbrook, Mark}, title={{{W}}est {{W}}irral: {{N}}orms, self reports and usage}, pages={90--106}, chaper={5} } @incollection{hickey1999, crossref={foulkesdocherty1999}, author={Hickey, Raymond}, title={Dublin {{E}}nglish: {{C}}urrent changes and their motivation}, pages={265--281}, chaper={15} } @book{couchfraser2003, editor={Couch, Chris and Fraser, Charles and Percy, Susan}, booktitle={Urban Regeneration in {{E}}urope}, title={Urban Regeneration in {{E}}urope}, publisher={Blackwell Science}, year={2003}, address={Oxford} } @book{trudgill1978, editor={Trudgill, Peter}, booktitle={Sociolinguistic Patterns in {{B}}ritish {{E}}nglish}, title={Sociolinguistic Patterns in {{B}}ritish {{E}}nglish}, publisher={Arnold}, year={1978}, address={London} } @book{juddparkinson1990, editor={Judd, Dennis and Parkinson, Michael}, booktitle={Leadership and Urban Regeneration}, title={Leadership and Urban Regeneration}, publisher={Sage Publications}, year={1990}, address={Newbury Park, CA and London, England and New Delhi, India}, series={Urban Affairs Annual Reviews}, volume={37} } @book{foulkesdocherty1999, editor={Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard J.}, booktitle={Urban Voices: {{A}}ccent Studies in the {{B}}ritish {{I}}sles}, title={Urban Voices: {{A}}ccent Studies in the {{B}}ritish {{I}}sles}, publisher={Arnold}, year={1999}, address={London} } @book{grantgrey2007, editor={Grant, Anthony and Grey, Clive}, booktitle={The {{M}}ersey Sound: {{L}}iverpool's Language, People and Places}, title={The {{M}}ersey Sound: {{L}}iverpool's Language, People and Places}, publisher={Open House Press}, year={2007}, address={Liverpool} } @book{faircloughcortese2007, editor={Fairclough, Norman and Cortese, Giuseppina and Ardizzone, Patrizia}, booktitle={Discourse and Contemporary Social Change}, title={Discourse and Contemporary Social Change}, publisher={Peter Lang}, year={2007}, address={Bern} } @book{eckertrickford2001, editor={Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R.}, booktitle={Style and Sociolinguistic Variation}, title={Style and Sociolinguistic Variation}, publisher={CUP}, year={2001}, address={Cambridge} } @book{jones2002, editor={Jones, Mari C.}, booktitle={Language Change: {{T}}he Interplay of Internal, External and Extra-Linguistic Factors}, title={Language Change: The Interplay of Internal, External and Extra-Linguistic Factors}, publisher={Mouton de Gruyter}, year={2002}, address={Berlin} } @book{krefeld2008, editor={Krefeld, Thomas}, booktitle={Sprachen und Sprechen im st\"adtischen Raum}, title={Sprachen und Sprechen im st\"adtischen Raum}, publisher={Lang}, year={2008}, address={Frankfurt am Main} } @book{krefeldpustka2010, editor={Krefeld, Thomas and Pustka, Elissa}, booktitle={Perzeptive {{V}}arietätenlinguistik}, title={Perzeptive {{V}}arietätenlinguistik}, publisher={Lang}, year={2010}, address={Frankfurt am Main} } @book{belchem2006, editor={Belchem, John}, booktitle={Liverpool 800: {{C}}ulture, Character and History}, title={Liverpool 800: {{C}}ulture, Character and History}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, year={2006}, address={Liverpool} } @book{belchem2006b, author={Belchem, John}, booktitle={Merseypride: {{E}}ssays in {{L}}iverpool Exceptionalism}, title={Merseypride: {{E}}ssays in {{L}}iverpool Exceptionalism}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, year={2006}, address={Liverpool}, edition={Second edition} } @book{petersensix2008, editor={Petersen, Lars-Eric and Bernd Six}, booktitle={Stereotype, {{V}}orurteile und soziale {{D}}iskriminierung. {{T}}heorien, {{B}}efunde und {{I}}nterventionen}, title={Stereotype, {{V}}orurteile und soziale {{D}}iskriminierung. {{T}}heorien, {{B}}efunde und {{I}}nterventionen}, publisher={Beltz}, year={2008}, address={Basel} }